湘西“蒿菜粑粑”原料植物鼠麴草总黄酮的提取及抑菌活性研究

为研究湘西"蒿菜粑粑"原料植物鼠麴草总黄酮的微波响应面法提取工艺及鼠麴草的抑菌活性,在微波法提取单因素的基础上,采用响应面法考察了液料比、乙醇浓度、提取时间对得率的影响,并以K-B纸片法进行抑菌实验.结果显示,鼠麴草总黄酮最佳提取工艺为:液料比7∶1,乙醇浓度40%,微波提取时间9 min.最佳工艺下总黄酮的得率为3.62%.鼠麴草乙醇提取液对6种实验所用菌种(枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6051、大肠埃希菌Escherichia coli ATCC 128、变形杆菌Proteus vulgaris ATCC 8427、藤黄八叠球菌Sarcina lutea CGMCC 1.880、白色念珠菌Canidia Albicans NCPC 1027和黑曲霉Aspergillus niger NCPC 1003)均表现出抑菌活性,分极性部位提取液中正丁醇部位、二氯甲烷部位与乙酸乙酯部位表现出各异的抗菌活性,以正丁醇部位为主要的抑菌活性部位且总黄酮含量最高.     

藏药大籽蒿提取物体外抗菌活性研究

目的:研究藏药大籽蒿全草和花蕾提取物的体外抗菌活性.方法:以试管稀释法测定提取物对大肠埃希菌(ATCC25922)、金黄色葡萄球菌(ATCC25923)和铜绿假单胞菌(ATCC27853)标准菌株的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),同时测定最小杀菌浓度(MBC).结果:藏药大籽蒿水、乙醇提取物在体外对大肠埃希菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均有明显的抗菌作用,并有一定的杀菌作用;乙醇的热提取物对铜绿假单胞菌也具有明显的抑菌和杀菌活性.结论:藏药大籽蒿对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌标准菌株具有一定抗菌作用,其抗菌活性部位为水提取物和乙醇提取物;同一溶剂的大籽蒿全草与花蕾提取物具有相同的抗菌活性.     

藏药大籽蒿提取物体外抗菌活性研究

目的:研究藏药大籽蒿全草和花蕾提取物的体外抗菌活性。方法:以试管稀释法测定提取物对大肠埃希菌(ATCC25922)、金黄色葡萄球菌(ATCC25923)和铜绿假单胞菌(ATCC27853)标准菌株的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),同时测定最小杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果:藏药大籽蒿水、乙醇提取物在体外对大肠埃希菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均有明显的抗菌作用,并有一定的杀菌作用;乙醇的热提取物对铜绿假单胞菌也具有明显的抑菌和杀菌活性。结论:藏药大籽蒿对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌标准菌株具有一定抗菌作用,其抗菌活性部位为水提取物和乙醇提取物;同一溶剂的大籽蒿全草与花蕾提取物具有相同的抗菌活性。     

禽病消对禽多杀性巴氏杆菌的体外抑菌试验

本试验应用体外抑菌试验的试管法对复方敌菌净、喹乙醇单方和两药复方(禽病消)对禽多杀性巴氏杆菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)进行了测定.单方时复方敌菌净和喹乙醇的MIC分别为48μg/ml和6μg/ml,MBC分别为120μg/ml和15μg/ml,复方制剂(禽病消)中的复方敌菌净和喹乙醇的MIC分别为3.84μg/ml和0.84μg/ml,MBC分别为24μg/ml和3μg/ml,FIC指数为0.16,禽病消对禽多杀性巴氏杆菌的抗菌作用较复方敌菌净、喹乙醇两药单独应用时增强了12.5—32倍,结果说明:复方敌菌冷与喹乙醇联合应用具有明显的协同作用,禽病消组方合理,是防治禽巴氏杆菌病的有效复方新制剂.     

半枝莲抗菌活性及其有效部位研究

目的研究半枝莲不同粗提物的体外抗菌活性,并初步确定其抗菌活性有效部位。方法采用甲醇冷浸法、乙醇热回流法及微波萃取法提取粗提物,96孔板培养法测定不同粗提物对的体外抑菌活性;将提取物分别用石油醚、乙酸乙酯和水萃取得到不同极性的萃取物组分,通过比较其抑菌活性初步确定半枝莲的抗菌有效部位。结果三种提取方法中,微波萃取法浸膏得出率最高;半枝莲的各粗提物对普通菌在2 mg/mL下未见抑制活性,但对耐甲氧西林金葡菌(ATCC33591和43300)半数抑制浓度(MIC值)达到2mg/mL;粗提物的萃取组分尤其是乙酸乙酯相,表现出广谱抗菌活性,其对各种菌株的半数抑制浓度大多在0.5～2 mg/mL范围,石油醚相对变异链球菌的抑菌活性较强,MIC值达到0.125 mg/mL。结论半枝莲具有广谱的抗菌活性,尤其是对耐药菌表现出较好的抗菌活性,并且初步确定抗菌有效部位为乙酸乙酯相,这为半枝莲抗菌应用的下一步研究奠定了基础。     

贵州特产苦荞麦中总黄酮的提取

实验以乙醇浓度、提取温度、提取时间和超声波功率等为考察因素,进行正交试验,建立起了经优化后的超声波辅助乙醇提取苦荞麦中总黄酮工艺,并采用高效液相色谱法,对苦荞麦中提取的总黄酮含量进行了测定.实验表明在色谱柱为Shim-pack VP-ODS柱(250 nm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相为乙腈:水:乙酸(20:76.67:3.33);流速为0.6 ml/min;检测波长254 nm;柱温为30 ℃;进样量20μL的色谱条件下,测得苦荞麦中总黄酮含量为0.617%.     

食物浓度对萼花臂尾轮虫种群增长、个体大小和卵大小的影响

以浓度分别为3.0、6.0、9.0、12.0和15.0×106 cells/ml的蛋白核小球藻为食物,在温度为25±1℃下对萼花臂尾轮虫进行群体累积培养研究.结果表明,食物浓度对其种群增长率、体长和卵体积均有极显著影响;种群增长率、体长和卵体积皆随食物浓度的升高而增大.其中种群增长率(Y,d-1)与食物浓度(X,×106 cells/ml)间的关系为Y=0.1768+0.0565X;体长(L,μm )与食物浓度(X,×106 cells/ml)间的回归方程为L=138.1577+4.8279X;卵体积(Ve,×103 μm3)与食物浓度(X,×106 cells/ml)间的关系可描述为Ve=375.8776+19.9560X.此外卵体积(Ve,×103 μm3)与体长(L,μm )间呈显著正相关,两者间的关系符合方程Ve=29.3382+2.8971L.     

枇杷叶总黄酮提取及体外抗氧化的研究

用乙醇浸提法提取枇杷叶总黄酮,并用称重法测定提取量。采用羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基和DPPH自由基清除体系评价总黄酮的抗氧化能力,以还原力值为指标研究总黄酮提取物的抗氧化效应(维生素C为阳性对照)。结果表明,在一定的浓度范围内,枇杷叶总黄酮的抗氧化能力随质量浓度的增加而增强。枇杷叶总黄酮具有良好的体外抗氧化活性,能够很好地清除自由基,清除自由基能力与浓度存在量效关系。     

新疆天仙子总黄酮的提取及抑菌活性研究

文章用不同浓度的乙醇作为浸提剂,对药用植物新疆天仙子茎段部分的总黄酮成分进行分离提取,并运用分光光度法对总黄酮进行了含量测定。实验结果表明,温度在40℃,量液比为1:10之下,用70%乙醇浸泡2小时左右能对总黄酮有较理想的提取(1.32%)。滤纸片扩散法进行的抑菌试验结果显示,新疆天仙子的总黄酮提取物对大肠杆菌具有一定的抑菌活性(抑菌圈直径12.5mm),而对枯草杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和短小杆菌没有表现出明显的抑菌作用。     

离子注入法对链球菌代谢产物透明质酸的影响分析

选用一株ATCC 700400马链球菌亚种,通过离子注入法对链球菌代谢产物透明质酸的影响来找寻透明质酸低耗高产的可能和路径。注入离子选用N+,注入能量分别为15 ke V和20 ke V,范围是0(对照)、(20×1014~100×1014N+/cm2(不同氮离子注入参数以对比)。透明质酸测定选用CTAB(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵)比浊法,通过对比来筛选HA高产型链球菌。结果表明,在注入能量为20 ke V,剂量为20×1014N+/cm2时,产出透明质酸浓度明显高于其他菌株,诱变效果最好,为今后进一步诱变筛选及发酵条件优化奠定了良好的基础。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-