甘薯直接发酵生产酒精工艺条件的研究

以甘薯(Ipomoea batatas Lam.)为原料,对发酵法生产酒精工艺条件进行了初步研究.发酵温度、用曲量、料水比、发酵时间,是甘薯淀粉直接发酵生产酒精的4大主要影响因素.其中,选用生料酒曲茵种,以酒精产量为指标,通过单因素试验、L<,9>(3<'4>)正交试验,最终筛选出甘薯直接发酵最佳工艺条件.结果表明,最佳发酵条件:发酵温度为32℃,用曲量为1%,料水比为1∶3.5,发酵时间为5 d.发酵成熟醪酒分为9.1%(v/v),发酵率为80.9%.     

紫晶香蘑生物学特性及栽培研究初报

笔者对紫晶香蘑的栽培与生物学特性进行了系列研究，其菌丝体最适生长pH为6．5，最适生长温度为26.8℃，在16～27℃，pH5．5～6．0的自然条件下，采用发酵料与未发酵生料栽培均可形成子实体，其生物转化率达27～34％。     

玉米威士忌生产工艺研究

为降低生产成本、改善产品口味,将玉米粉作为威士忌生产原料,部分代替大麦芽用于制作谷物威士忌,以出酒率和感官得分作为产品的考核指标,对麦汁比例、酵母接种量、发酵温度、发酵时间等因素进行了研究。结果表明:出酒率的影响因素顺序为发酵温度影响最大,其次是发酵时间和接种量,麦汁比例的影响最小;感官得分的影响因素顺序为发酵温度影响最大,其次是接种量和发酵时间,麦汁比例的影响最小。出酒率的较优生产条件为麦汁添加比例为20%,添加1.0%的酵母在20℃条件下发酵11 d;感官得分的最适条件为麦汁添加比例为25%,添加0.8%的酵母在16℃条件下发酵15 d。     

玉米生料酒精发酵新工艺研究

研究表明,玉米生料酒精发酵的淀粉利用率达到88%,原料出酒率达到36%.与传统的高温高压蒸煮工艺相比,新工艺可节省约30%的能耗.     

金属离子协同复合酶制剂对木薯发酵产乙醇的影响研究

某些金属离子对木薯发酵产乙醇用复合酶制剂具有激活作用,从而提高原料的降解率,最终提高出酒率。实验选取Mg~（2＋）、Fe~（2＋）、Mn~（2＋）、Co~（2＋）四种金属离子进行单因素实验研究,均具有显著效果,出酒率能提高1～4个百分点,其中Co~（2＋）效果最好。实验结果如下：对照组出酒率34．50％,Mg~（2＋）添加量为1．4mg／g（发酵醪液）时出酒率为37．30％,0．6mg／gFe~（2）＋出酒率35．40％,0．2mg／gMn~（2＋）出酒率36．7％,0．4mg／gCo~（2＋）出酒率38．00％．     

玉米酿制黄酒新技术

浸泡将玉米洗净，清水浸泡4～6天，至吸水膨胀。每天换水一次。蒸料将玉米料倒入蒸锅，急火猛蒸70～90分钟停火。冷却迅速将玉米出锅，摊在竹席上冷却。切勿用电风扇及淋水等方式冷却。两段发酵玉米粒冷却至34～38℃时，按干玉米精的9％加人麦曲拌均，密封置于30～38℃的环境发酵一周；开缸，再加人5％酒曲、20％食用酒精拌均，密封置于30～36℃环境下发酵30天。压榨出酒将酒酷装入干净的棉质布袋，经压榨使酒液与酒糟分离。过滤用酒类过滤设备将酒液过滤两遍。装瓶灭菌将酒液装入酒瓶里，放火锅中水浴加热至70℃左右，灭菌10分钟，再无菌压…     

免蒸煮生料酿酒技术

生料酿酒是采用边糖化边发酵,并经过液态发酵、液态蒸馏的全液态生产工艺,把传统技术(小曲酒固态法)的烦琐、复杂的工艺流程简化为配料、发酵、蒸馏三道工艺,因此操作简便、轻松,省去了传统工艺许多操作,又节省了能源.现把该项技术介绍如下:1.配料:粮、水比例为1:3,生料酒曲用量为原料总量的0.6%.原料粉碎达40目,大米不必粉碎,蔬菜、瓜果应去皮、去核并打成浆状,原料要求无毒、不变质,在选择玉米时,要选择成色好、无粘性的玉米,粉碎要细,最好能去掉皮,冷水要符合饮用水标准.2.配制:以大米为例,按粮、水、酒曲比为粮食50kg、水150kg、酒曲0.3kg,分别加入容器拌匀,容器不能装满,应留有10cm～20cm空隙,以防膨胀溢出,最后用塑料薄膜双层益严扎紧.3.温度(指室温):生料酿酒的发酵温度应控制在20℃以上和40℃以下.高于40℃者易产酸,甚至曲种死亡;低于20℃者,生料难以发酵.最佳发酵温度是25℃-30℃.温度在20℃-25℃时,发酵期一般是15天～20天;温度在25℃～30℃时,一般是12天左右;温度在30℃～40℃时,发酵期一般为7天左右.     

红曲霉发酵米酒工艺条件的研究

以糯米为原料,采用红曲霉液态发酵生产红曲保健米酒,单因素实验结果表明其最适工艺条件为:料水比为1:2,接种量为10%,温度为25℃,初始pH 5.0,发酵时间为8 d.研制出的红曲酒色泽鲜亮,酒香浓馥幽雅,协调悦人,集风味、色泽及口感于一体.     

糖化酶在黄酒酿造中的应用探讨

本文主要以正交试验法对糖化酶在黄酒酿造中的影响因素进行了综合定量研究，并对成品酒进行了理化分析和综合评价。研究结果表明，糖化酶作用的最佳条件为：加酶量０．０２％；加酶时间为投料４８小时后；酶作用的最适温度为３２℃，酶作用的最适ＰＨ值为ＰＨ＝４．６。在此条件下，主发酵期缩短２－３天，后发酵期缩短１０－６０天，同时，出酒率有明显提高，高达９２．０７％，是传统的３．１－４．６倍。     

苹果废渣发酵生产有机肥料的速效磷研究

目的 研究苹果废渣接种高效微生物菌群，固态发酵生产有机肥料过程中速效磷的变化。方法 采用单因素试验和正交实验对各因素进行比较和优化发酵条件。结果 较为系统地揭示了发酵过程中速效磷的变化规律，从而有效地提高了有机肥料速效性。结论 尿素质量分数、时间、pH值和水料比等是影响速效磷质量分数的主要因素。当尿素质量分数为0．5％，发酵时间为15d，pH值为7．0，水料质量比为3：1时，样品中的速效磷质量分数最高。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.