闽南养殖九孔鲍暴发性流行病的病原研究

从1999年春季东山县九孔鲍暴发流行病的病鲍内脏提取病原粗提液,经电镜观察和回归感染实验,证实其病原主要是病毒合并细菌感染,细菌为两种弧菌,病毒为球形,其发生基质为细胞质中一种双层膜的泡状结构,观察到病原入侵后引起鲍的组织细胞产生严重的病理变化,探讨病原的入侵途径,提出预防该流行病的一些措施.     

九孢鲍暴发性流行病的病原及病理

1999年2－5月,山东县养殖九孔鲍暴发了大规模流行病,不少养殖场全场覆没,病鲍表现为分泌粘液增多、肝脏红肿、中部僵硬和反应迟钝,应用磷钨酸负染、超薄切片的电镜和现场检测等方法,对病鲍的病原及肝肠组织的病理情况进行观测,结果表明引发这次养殖暴发严重病害的主要病原是致病力很强的病毒和弧菌,电观察到病毒发生在细胞质中的一种称为“封入体”的泡状结构,证实了病原的入侵造成九孢鲍肝及肠等组织、细胞产生病变,描述了细胞和病毒混合感染导致九孔鲍细胞的病理变化。     

九孔鲍接种灭活病毒的免疫效果分析

通过注射灭活病毒,研究接种免疫对九孔鲍（Haliotis diversicolor supertexta）非特异性免疫机能和免疫保护效果的影响．试验结果表明：九孔鲍接种灭活病毒7d后,体液抗菌活力、溶菌活力和酚氧化酶活性都有显著提高（P〈0．01）;35d后体液抗菌活力和酚氧化酶活性回落至本底水平,与对照组差异不明显（P〉0．05）,溶菌活力则仍然高于对照组水平（P〈0．01）．注射灭活病毒A的免疫效果好于灭活病毒B,九孔鲍接受灭活病毒后引起的免疫应答强度、产生的非特异性抗感染免疫能力和特异性抗感染免疫保护效果都是前者高于后者,且免疫35d后九孔鲍获得的抗特异性病毒感染免疫保护率,灭活病毒A为30％、灭活病毒B为20％．     

感染暴发性流行病病毒的中国对虾形态学研究1.幽门胃的显微和超微结构

为探讨对虾暴发性流行病的致病机理,进行人工感染实验,并对感染中国对虾的胃组织进行了显微和亚显微结构特征的系统观察.观察结果表明胃是该暴发性流行病病毒首先感染的主要的靶器官之一,暴发性流行病病毒能侵入胃壁多种细胞并在其中复制,其中,胃上皮细胞是该病毒的主要的靶细胞.     

中国对虾杆状病毒病的初步研究

１９９３～１９９５年中国对虾发生暴发性流行病,经对患病对虾作组织病理学研究和电镜观察,发现此病以消化系统病变更为严重,肝胰腺,胃及肠道上皮层发生变性和坏死,上皮细胞破坏,细胞核肿大;结缔组织发生水肿,血淋巴细胞浸润,在电镜下,病变组织的细胞核内充满一种杆状病毒,大小为２６０～３１０ｎｍ×９０～１１０ｎｍ外被双层囊膜,不形成包涵体,纯化的病毒经负染后在电镜下见到的大多数是病毒核衣壳,大小为２８６ｎｍ     

斑节对虾白斑综合症杆状病毒(WSBV)的形态和感染的组织病理研究

应用光镜和电镜研究斑节对虾白斑综合症杆状病毒（ ＷＳＢＶ） 的形态和感染的组织病理,结果证实ＷＳＢＶ 感染的细胞解体坏死．电镜观察对虾肝胰腺细胞未发现病毒粒子,而鳃上皮细胞和甲壳表皮细胞感染３ 种杆状病毒,分别称之为细胞质杆状病毒,细胞核Ⅰ型杆状病毒,细胞核Ⅱ型杆状病毒,病毒粒子大小分别为（１０２ ～１１２） ｎｍ ×（３０８ ～３２６）ｎｍ ,（９８ ～１０５） ｎｍ ×（２６５ ～２７５） ｎｍ ,（１０１ ～１１２） ｎｍ ×（３９１ ～４２０） ｎｍ ．病毒不形成包含体．负染后病毒粒子还可见细端有一乳头状结构,大小约４０ ～５０ ｎｍ ,后带有一宽约１８ ｎｍ 、长约３４０ ｎｍ 的尾．     

对虾疫病病毒的实验室常规检测方法

对虾疫病病毒的快速检出，是防治暴发性流行病的关键所在。本文简述了利用电镜负染技术，电镜超薄切片技术和聚合酶链反应邓ＰＣＲ技术等检测对虾疫病的具体方法，并且对结果进行了讨论。     

养成期对虾HHNBV的初步研究

ThePreliminaryStudyonHHNBVinGrow－outPhaseWangJianping;ShenTuJikang(NingboFisheriesResearchInstitute,Ningbo315012）自1993年出现全国流行病对虾暴发性病毒病以来,我国的养虾业始终处于低谷。目前终于发现其病原是一种囊状无包涵体的DNA病毒,称之为对虾“皮下及造血组织坏死杆状病毒”（HNBV）。该病毒的治疗仍无法解决。但我们可以用核酸探针点杂交法来检测对虾HHNBv的发展程度,摸索对虾暴发性病毒病的暴发时间,减少其所带来的经济损失。本文也是我们今后对虾在分子生物学上开展研究的第一步。1材料与方法1．1样…     

感染暴发性流行病病原的中国对虾形态学研究 2.病虾中肠的显微和亚微结构

在非生物环境因子对暴发性流行病病原实验感染的中国对虾发病影响的基础上，用光镜和电镜观察对虾中肠组织，观察结果表明：中肠上皮细胞水样变性，少量的上皮细胞被感染，肠腔内致病菌继发性感染，中肠肌细胞发生凋亡，大颗粒细胞、小颗粒细胞形成大量的颗粒通过胞吐作用参入体液免疫。     

九孔鲍免疫防御中Ig样、补体样、CRP样物质的应答

对九孔鲍拮抗副溶血弧菌感染过程中血淋巴免疫球蛋白样物质、补体（C3、C4）样物质、C反应蛋白样物质的变化进行检测,结果表明,在拮抗副溶血弧菌感染的免疫应答中,九孔鲍血淋巴液中免疫球蛋白样物质IgG-like、IgA-like、IgM-like,补体样物质C3-like、C4-like,C反应蛋白样物质CRP-like等呈现急剧增加,尔后逐渐减少,有时甚至大量被消耗的变化特点,其变化与机体抗感染免疫应答过程及免疫原剂量存在一定的相关性.血淋巴中三类免疫球蛋白样物质和二类补体样物质含量峰值一般出现在注射感染后6-24 h,48 h后下降,有时甚至降低至本底水平,C反应蛋白样物质质量浓度在感染后12-96 h内都较高,168 h后接近本底水平.副溶血弧菌感染剂量对上述物质的表达速度和水平皆有正面影响.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.