Similarity Solution for Convection Heat Transfer Due to Marangoni Flow over a Flat Surface

IntroductionMarangoni convection occurs around vaporbubblesduring nucleation and growth of the vapor bubblesdue to the surface tension variation caused bytemperature and/or concentration variations alongthe bubble surface.Experimental tests andnumerical analyses of nucleate boiling have shownthat the heat transfer due to Marangoni flow canbe significant under microgravity and may also beimportant in earth gravity[1,2 ] .Marangoni inducedflow is also of importance in crystal growth meltswhere t…     

微尺度核态沸腾换热的汽泡交互作用实验研究

核态沸腾换热是一种高效的换热形式,沸腾机理的研究对强化传热的研究很重要。实验采用微尺度96加热片阵列,通过独立的控制电路,加热独立的各个加热片,使其维持在恒定温度120℃上。利用高速摄像技术分别从汽泡的底部和侧面对汽泡生长及运动现象进行可视化观测,并用高速数据采集系统同步记录汽泡一个生长期间不同阶段的热流密度。实验首先单独加热每个独立的区域,产生单个汽泡,并分析汽泡脱离频率、脱离直径和热流密度;然后通过加热两个相隔一定位置的加热片区域,使得汽泡长到一定大小后能够碰撞、合并为一个新汽泡并最终脱离。这种汽泡交互作用伴随着汽泡的变形、滑移,显著增加了沸腾换热的热流密度和汽泡脱离频率。通过分析每个加热片的热流密度,得出瞬态导热是沸腾换热的主要机理。     

固定汽泡周围的温度场分布

为估计M arangon i对流和自然对流对汽泡周围流场的影响,对加热面朝上和朝下的不同大小和过冷度的汽泡周围温度场进行了测量。通过比较测量所得温度场和带N av ier-S tokes方程的数值模拟结果可知,在完全没有浮升力时,M arangon i流会使得流场呈现一个向下的类似于射流的形状,但有了浮升力,向下的流动会立刻转向上,在加热表面附近形成涡流。即使加热面朝下,这种浮升力引起的自然对流依然影响整个流场,以至于这个系统不能很好地表现在微重力条件下的汽泡周围的流场。     

加热丝上沸腾核心心间热相互作用探讨

分析讨论了加热丝上汽泡生成对加热丝温度的影响。说明一个活化核心的起泡对周围其他活化核心起泡的影响。以及对其自身起泡的影响。同时讨论了两个核心之间起泡的相关性,分析中还发现由于汽泡生长造成的局部温度下降是加热丝表面沸腾需要较高过热度的一个原因,最后进行了数值模拟实验,数值计算和解析分析结果吻合较好。     

均匀电场对池沸腾换热的影响分析

对均匀高压电场作用下平板池沸腾换热的强化效果进行了试验研究,发现在较低过热度的范围内电场对换热有明显的强化效果.场强越高,相同过热度对应的换热系数越高.在相同的场强下,强化系数随着热流密度的增加而减少.结合试验结果对电场强化沸腾换热的机制进行了分析.在热流密度较小的范围内,对流换热占主导地位,电场强化对流换热使壁面过热度大大下降,导致相应过热度下汽泡的平衡半径提高,因此,抑制了核态沸腾.随着热流密度的提高,汽泡的产生和运动成为影响换热的主要因素,此时过热度的变化不是很大,在相同的过热度下,电场可以减小汽泡的临界半径,使汽泡增多.在汽泡准备区,电场会影响汽泡的核化;在汽泡成长区,电场会影响汽泡的长大、变形和脱离;在非沸腾区,电场会影响单相流体的自然对流换热.     

电场中气泡在换热表面上的变形及对沸腾换热影响

从电场分布的角度，研究了换热表面上气泡在电场力作用下的变形规律和气泡变形影响EHD(electrohydrodynaInics)强化沸腾换热的机理．电场分布决定了气泡在电场力作用下的变形方式，如果换热表面的电场强度高于周围液体或电极的电场强度，则气泡受拉伸作用：反之，气泡受压制作用．热边界层的存在会减小电场力对气泡的拉伸作用，增强电场力对气泡的压制作用，但不会改变气泡的变形方式，气泡在换热表面上无论是被拉伸还是被压制，都能使沸腾换热得到强化，但两者的强化换热机理不同。     

Bubble Interaction in Thermal Boundary Layers

IntroductionBoiling is often encountered in a wide variety ofapplications,including traditional industrialprocesses,such as metallurgical quenching,flooded tube and shell evaporators,and immersioncooling of industrial components,and modern heattransfer te…     

液体空化对沸腾传热影响的实验及机理研究

从液体空化和沸腾机理的角度出发，阐述了两者的关系，揭示了液体空化强化沸腾传热的机理，并成功地解释了声空化对水平圆管沸腾传热的影响，结果表明，空化和沸腾是从两个不同的角度对液体强度施加破坏的，标准状态下的空泡半径维持在微米量级以下，沸腾传热是否受到声空化的强化，取决于声空化是否给传热表面提供了核化汽泡胚胎。     

Heat Transfer in the Microlayer Under a Bubble During Nucleate Boiling

Many studies have shown that a very thin liquid microlayer forms under vapor bubbles during nucleate boiling. The heat transfer from the surface to the bubble is then significantly affected by this microlayer and the curved region leading into the microlayer. Various models have been developed to predict the microlayer shape and the heat transfer along the curved interfacial region, but they tend to have inconsistent boundary conditions or unrealistic results. This paper presents a theoretical model to predict the microlayer thickness and the heat transfer rates for a variety of conditions. The results show how the wall superheat, the Hamaker constant, the bubble radius, and the accommodation coefficient at the interface affect the evaporation heat transfer rates and the microlayer shape for a large range of conditions for water and FC 72. The microlayer results are then shown to compare well with predictions made by solving the Navier-Stokes equations in the microlayer.     

热孤子与微细通道相变传热研究

对于微槽流动相变传热,在给出汽泡的平衡半径及初值条件的前提下,提出了汽泡在微槽中演化半径的系综公式,并在此基础上结合汽泡生长随机变量的相关性得出了汽泡在微槽道中生长满足的随机微分动力方程,由方程的定态解进一步得出了微槽中汽泡生长系统的势能及概率密度函数随半径的演化规律。根据微槽中反应汽泡热通量的热孤子表达式,从理论上获得了以核态沸腾为主的微槽相变传热计算公式。为了验证该公式的可行性,本文对具有23条平行的0.3 mm×2mm 微槽进行了相变传热实验,实验结果验证了理论计算公式的可行性。     

存在温度梯度的竖直壁面Marangoni 凝结换热特性研究

对水-酒精混合蒸气在表面存在温度梯度的竖直壁面上的Marangoni凝结换热特性进行了实验研究,并观测了混合蒸气的凝结形态.实验结果表明:凝结表面不同位置的换热系数不同,温度梯度大的位置凝结换热系数较大;当酒精蒸气的质量分数wv=0.5%,1%时,凝结换热系数随过冷度单调减小;当wv≥2%时,凝结换热系数与过冷度的关系为含有最大值的非线性特性关系;在相同条件下,wv=1%时的凝结换热系数最高,wv=0.5%时的次之,wv≥2%以后,凝结换热系数随酒精含量的升高而减小.与仅由浓度梯度引起的Marangoni凝结相比,本实验中由浓度梯度和温度梯度共同驱动的凝结换热更强.初步的理论分析也表明,凝结表面上的浓度梯度和温度梯度共同作用使水-酒精凝结液表面的表面张力梯度增大,Marangoni对流加强,凝结换热进一步强化.     

固体颗粒强化泡状沸腾换热机理的研究

在液体中加入固体颗粒添加剂是强化沸腾换热的一项新技术，本文讨论了加热面附近颗粒－液体－蒸汽三相流动工况，着重分析了处于流化状态的固体颗粒强化沸腾的机理，获得了流化颗粒床泡状沸腾的计算式．     

汽泡周围温度场的观测

本文利用光测技术的新发展，针对流动核态沸腾中汽泡温度场观测的一系列难点．提出了解决的力案，并成功地观测厂汽泡温度场，这为研究性态流动沸腾的机理打下了基础．     

Subcooled boiling of nano-particle suspensions on Pt wires

An experimental investigation is conducted to explore the subcooled boiling characteristics of nano-particle suspensions on Pt wires. Some phenomena are observed for the boiling of water-SiO2 nano-particle suspensions on Pt wires. The experiments show that there exist not any evident differences for boiling of pure water and of nano-particle suspensions at high heat fluxes. However, bubble overlap phenomenon can be easily found for nano-particle suspensions at low heat fluxes, which probably results from the increase of the attracter force between bubbles and of the bubble mass.     

汽泡生成状态对沸腾传热影响的实验研究

就常规沸腾下的汽泡生成状态对沸腾传热强弱的影响进行了实验及机理研究．结果表明：诱发传热表面上汽泡的成核可使沸腾换热强化，相反，沸腾传热减弱．     

气液两相流中气泡周围电场特性研究

针对均匀电场作用下的气液两相系统建立了数学模型，研究了单个及多个气泡附着于壁面、即将脱离和上升至两极板间的电场分布情况．结果表明，气泡周围电场的强弱及其分布的均匀性是影响气泡运动的重要因素．当大量气泡出现并有部分气泡脱离壁面时，电场对气泡的作用减弱，这为高热流密度下电场强化沸腾换热效果不再明显提供了理论依据。     

Boiling Heat Transfer on Porous Surfaces with Vapor Channelt Transfer on Po

IntroductionThe enhanced boiling heat transfer on poroussurfaces has been of considerable research interestmainly due to its effectiveness and numerousapplications such as on boiler surfaces,heat pipesand the cooling of micro- electronic components.The porous layers can be manufactured by variousmethods such as machining,welding,sintering orbrazing of particles,electrolytic deposition,flamespraying,bonding of particles by plating,galvanizing,plasma spraying of polymers,metalliccoating with foa…     

Boiling heat transfer with acoustic cavitation

The effects of acoustic cavitation and nanometer granule on boiling heat transfer of horizontal circular copper tube are investigated experimentally and theoretically using acetone as the working fluid according to the boiling procedure. The results show that heat transfer can be enhanced or weakened by generation of the cavitation bubble or addition of the nanometer granules, respectively. The mechanisms of the effects are analyzed.     

汽泡底部微液层的观测

本文用激光干涉法,在R113低过冷核态流动沸腾下,观测了小汽泡底部微液层,分析与探讨了实验误差及实验方法本身,实验表明:流动沸腾下,汽泡底部总存在楔形微层,外部主流对之无影响:汽泡在核化点处微层中心附近有干斑,一旦汽泡滑离,干斑不再存在.这一结果对进一步分析沸腾换热中微层的作用有重要意义。     

Study of rapid transient explosive boiling under short-pulsed laser heating

Using acetone, ethanol, water and acetone-water mixture as test liquids, the rapid transient explosive boiling (RTEB) taking place under short-pulsed laser heating is observed in experiment. The behaviors of temperature variation are investigated via transient temperature measurement. The vapor bubble behaviors of RTEB are captured by high-speed photography, and the difference between RTEB and normal boiling is analyzed. The boiling heat transfer of RTEB is also discussed. It shows that the character of RTEB is far different from normal boiling.