柔嫩艾美尔球虫厦门株(Eimeria tenella)生物学研究

采用单卵囊分离方法从厦门地区饲养的鸡盲肠中获得艾美尔球虫,经显微观察、测量和感染实验,从寄生部位、卵囊形态、孢子化时间和潜伏期等指标测定,实验结果:采用琼脂板方法分离和挑选单卵囊方法进行感染效果理想,单卵囊感染小鸡成功率为60%.该球虫寄生在鸡盲肠部位,其余部位未发现,卵囊形态长卵圆形,长25.80(23.5～28.5),宽20.86(18.5～23.5),长/宽:1.23(1.21～1.27),27℃条件下孢子化时间为20 h.,潜伏期为146 h.与国内一些株进行比较存在差别,确定该艾美尔球虫为柔嫩艾美尔球虫(Eimeriatenella),并定名为柔嫩艾美尔球虫厦门株.     

鸡艾美耳球虫单卵囊分离与种类鉴定

为了建立鸡球虫纯株,选用1~5日龄雏鸡,采用琼脂块单卵囊分离法对实验室保存的6种11株鸡球虫进行纯化,并选用2周龄雏鸡,对每个虫种/株选取1个单卵囊分离物进行增殖和种类鉴定.结果单卵囊接种179只,获得单卵囊分离物42个,单卵囊分离成功率23.46%;对11个单卵囊分离物,通过测定寄生部位、潜在期、孢子化卵囊大小、形状指数(长/宽)、孢子囊大小、最短孢子化时间等指标,鉴定出1个分离物为堆形艾美耳球虫(Eimeria acervulina)、2个分离物为柔嫩艾美耳球虫(E.tenella)、6个分离物为巨型艾美耳球虫(E.maxima)、1个分离物为变位艾美耳球虫(E.mivati)、1个分离物为毒害艾美耳球虫(E.necatrix).本研究表明琼脂块单卵囊分离法简便易行、成功率较高,同时提示实验室保存的布氏艾美耳球虫(E.brunetti)被柔嫩艾美耳球虫污染.     

柔嫩艾美尔球虫厦门株感染宿主艾维因雏鸡引起血清生理生化变化

为研究柔嫩艾美尔球虫厦门株(Eimeri tenella,Xiamen strain)感染宿主后造成的血清生化指标的变化,选择14日龄艾维因雏鸡(Avian chicken)80只,随机分为两组,一组(n=40只)感染柔嫩艾美尔球虫厦门株,另一组为对照(n=40只),分别于感染后的第2～8天从颈静脉取血,通过检测血清中的生化指标,探讨鸡感染柔嫩艾美尔球虫厦门株后对血清生化指标的影响,检测结果显示,感染球虫后引起升高的指标有ALT、血清葡萄糖、肌酐和尿酸.而降低的指标包括AST、Na 、Ca 、K .其中ALT、AST、Ca 、血清葡萄糖和尿酸等指标在感染后第7天逐渐向正常指标回归,Na 、K 和肌酐等指标在第7天仍然沿着原先的趋势升高或降低.说明宿主感染柔嫩艾美尔球虫厦门株后,多数指标与球虫致病作用强弱相一致,而有些指标却由于宿主生理功能的严重损害,在短期内无法恢复.实验结果表明柔嫩艾美尔球虫厦门株可以引起宿主肝功能,肾功能及离子水平的改变,尤其是肾功能的损害可能是造成鸡死亡的一个重要因素.     

鸡盲肠艾美尔球虫Eimeria tenella和毒害艾美尔球虫E.necatrix的发育史及其组织病变

鸡盲肠艾美尔球虫(Eimeria tenella)和毒害艾美尔球虫(E.necatrix)是危害家鸡的二种重要球虫,呈世界性分布。厦门地区前者感染率为80%,后者45%(洪凌仙等,1984)。幼鸡严重感染后,呈厌食、拉粘液血便、生长率明显下降,并导致成批死亡(霍夫斯塔,1972)。Tyzzer(1929)曾报道盲肠艾美尔球虫和毒害艾美尔球虫的生活史,但对两种球虫的无性生殖代数不甚明确,特别对毒害艾美尔球虫的发育史较为简略。我国对两种球虫的发育     

雏鸡感染堆型艾美耳球虫早熟株外周血T淋巴细胞的动态变化

8日龄雏鸡(免疫组)每只接种3×103个堆型艾美尔球虫(Eimeria.acervulina)早熟株孢子化卵囊,在第16日龄免疫组和不免疫攻毒组每只攻毒堆型艾美尔球虫强毒株孢子代卵囊5×104个,用а 醋酸萘酯染色法计数T淋巴细胞数量,得T淋巴细胞所占淋巴细胞的百分率。t检验结果表明,免疫攻毒组T淋巴细胞的百分率与不免疫攻毒组和空白对照组的T淋巴细胞的百分率差异极显著,显示该早熟株具有较好的免疫保护效果。     

龙海麻鸭自然感染菲莱氏盲肠温扬球虫亚种(Wenyonella philiplevinei caecum)内生殖虫体与组织病变

考察了厦门地区龙海麻鸭盲肠寄生的球虫,经鉴定为菲莱氏盲肠温扬球虫亚种.该球虫寄生于盲肠,卵囊的最早孢子化时间为24 h.组织切片显示内生殖虫体有三型裂殖体,成熟大配子体位于绒毛中部或肠腺上皮细胞核的下方,椭圆形.成熟小配子体位于绒毛中部和基部上皮细胞核的下方,内有50 个以上逗点状小配子.卵囊位于绒毛基部上皮细胞核的下方、绒毛固有层和粘膜肌层.盲肠病理切片显示盲肠绒毛上皮、肠腺上皮细胞遭到破坏,并伴有炎症反应.     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫保守蛋白基因EtCHP40的分子特性研究

鸡球虫病是由几种艾美耳球虫寄生鸡肠道引起的一种危害严重的寄生虫病.目前,球虫病的防治主要依赖于药物,但由于药物长期广泛使用使鸡球虫对药物产生了严重的耐药性.为研究鸡球虫耐药性产生的分子机制,本实验室前期利用RNA-sequence对柔嫩艾美耳球虫地克珠利耐药株、马杜拉霉素耐药株与敏感株进行了转录组分析,获得敏感株与耐药株的差异表达基因,发现柔嫩艾美耳球虫保守蛋白40(EtCHP40)在马杜拉霉素耐药株表达显著上调.本研究以柔嫩艾美耳球虫敏感株孢子化卵囊cDNA第一链为模板,成功克隆了柔嫩艾美耳球虫保守蛋白40(EtCHP40)基因,并在原核表达系统中成功表达了重组蛋白(rEtCHP40).利用实时荧光定量PCR分析了该基因在柔嫩艾美耳球虫不同发育阶段以及不同虫株(耐药株和敏感株)的mRNA转录水平.结果显示EtCHP40基因在第二代裂殖子的mRNA转录水平最高;与敏感株相比,EtCHP40基因的mRNA转录水平在耐药株上调,且在马杜拉霉素耐药株的转录水平显著高于其他耐药株,另外发现在不同浓度的盐霉素作用下,随着药物浓度的升高,EtCHP40的mRNA转录水平也升高.间接免疫荧光定位结果表明该蛋白主要分布在子孢子的表面和顶端.因此,推测该蛋白可能参与了虫体在宿主细胞内的生长发育和对药物产生耐药性的过程.     

地克珠利和马杜霉素联合应用的抗球虫作用观察

选用220只10日龄海兰褐公雏口服柔嫩艾美尔孢子化卵囊制造人工感染球虫病模型，以相对存活率、相对增重率、盲肺病变值和盲肪卵囊值等为观察指标，以抗球虫指数为判定标准，观察地克珠利与马杜霉素联合应用的抗球虫作用。结果表明：地克珠利与马杜霉素以临床单用剂量联用呈中效，ACI值为162．9：以临床单用剂量的0．8倍、0．64倍联用均呈强效，ACI值分别为192．1和206．5；而低于临床单用剂量的0.512倍联用呈弱效或无效。     

地克珠利对藏马鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫病的疗效

在人工感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫（Eimeria tenella）的藏马鸡中进行了地克珠利预混剂、地克珠利饮水剂、氯苯胍的抗球虫试验，以卵囊减少率作为主要试验指标，观察其抗球虫效果。结果表明：地克珠利预混剂、地克珠利饮水剂卵囊减少率均为99．5％，相对增重率分别为84．9％和92．9％，而氯苯胍的卵囊减少率为95％，相对增重率为59．1％。表明地克珠利是一种高效的抗球虫药，能有效的控制藏马鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫病。     

3种雁艾美尔球虫ITS序列测定与系统发育分析

球虫病被认为是迁徙水禽中最广泛的致病性寄生虫之一,该疾病主要是由艾美尔球虫属(Eimeria)物种引起。该研究对分离自升金湖和菜子湖越冬白额雁(Anser albifrons)粪便的3种艾美尔球虫的ITS(internal transcribed spacer)基因进行测序和特征分析,并重建了艾美尔球虫部分物种的系统发育树。结果表明,菜子湖C70艾美尔球虫分离株为椭圆艾美尔球虫(E.alabamensis),升金湖S49艾美尔球虫分离株为柔嫩艾美尔球虫(E. tenlla),升金湖S5艾美尔球虫分离株为和缓艾美尔球虫(E. mitis)。该研究对已知的22种艾美尔球虫ITS基因分析发现,碱基AT平均含量(58.4%)略高于CG平均含量(41.5%)。系统发育分析显示,从山羊中分离出的E. arloingi以及从博金斯牛中分离的E. bovis聚为一进化枝,从白额雁中分离出的艾美尔球虫E. alabamensis,E. mitis和E. tenlla与家鹅体内的艾美尔球虫E. fulva,E. stigmosa,E. anseris和E. hermani共同聚为一进化枝,与宿主为哺乳动物的艾美尔球虫物种距离较远,支持艾美尔球虫单起源观点,且该物种与宿主之间存在协同进化关系。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to