外加纵向磁场惰性气体保护钨极电弧焊接熔池流动模型

在惰性气体保护钨极电弧焊接（GTAW）过程中,引入纵向磁场焊接,它是以LD10CS铝合金炙焊接材料,水冷紫铜板为阳极,实验用探针法测定外加纵向磁场GTAW焊接电弧电流密度的径向分布,。并在此基础上用磁流函数法详细推导了外加纵向磁场GTAW焊接熔池流体所有体积力的表达式,建立了外加纵向磁场作用下焊接熔池流体流动和传热过程的新模型,该模型考虑了外加纵向磁场的附加作用,使之更能接近外加纵向磁场GTAW焊接的实际,为外中纵向磁场GTAW焊接机理的研究提供了条件。     

GTAW焊接热场的三维动态数值模拟

基于SYSWELD软件平台,采用双椭球体移动热源模式,利用有限元方法建立了运动电弧作用下GTAW焊接不锈钢薄板焊接热场的三维动态有限元分析模型。利用所建模型,对GTAW焊接热场和熔池形状参数的动态演变进行了预测,达到宏观准稳态的时间与试验结果基本一致。     

TIG焊外加磁场的ANSYS模拟

针对外加纵向磁场的TIG焊接时,与电极同轴的单个轴对称空心圆柱线圈在恒定励磁电流作用下产生的纵向磁场,采用有限元分析方法建立了TIG焊外加纵向磁场的计算模型,应用ANSYS软件对TIG焊外加纵向磁场进行了模拟.对外加纵向磁场纵截面分布、磁场径向分量的分布规律对焊接行为的影响进行了分析.通过实验验证了模拟结果与实测值的一致性,并对模拟结果的偏差进行了分析.     

TIG焊外加间歇交变纵向磁场的数值计算

针对奥氏体不锈钢ＴＩＧ焊接时,与电极同轴的单个轴对称空心圆柱线圈在双向脉冲矩形励磁电流作用下产生的间歇交变纵向磁场,采用无瑕点单积分磁场的数学模型,对ＴＩＧ焊外加间歇交变纵向磁场进行了数值计算,该方法具有模型简单,计算速度快和精度高等优点,在此基础上,讨论了该间歇交变纵向磁场的分布,磁场的均匀性及其纵向分量与横向分量的比率等规律,为深入研究外加磁场对ＴＩＧ焊的影响奠定了良好的基础。     

基于示踪粒子的GTAW驼峰焊道形成机制数值分析

针对大电流下GTAW驼峰焊道形成过程中的熔化、流动与凝固行为,建立热力耦合作用下的熔池三维数学模型,在考虑熔池中液态金属所受浮力、电磁力、表面张力的情况下,利用粒子跟踪技术分析了GTAW焊接过程中的熔池流动行为,并与试验进行了对比分析.结果表明:熔池内液态金属并非严格意义上的从前端向后端流动,在流动过程中受到复杂的驱动力影响,中心线处液态金属会向熔池两边扩散.且液态金属的流动并非表层流动,由于受到耦合热力的作用,表层液态金属在由前向后的移动过程中在熔池内部做较为复杂的旋转运动.     

高温超导无绝缘线圈的电-磁-力耦合行为研究

基于有限元H方法,考虑力学变形对二代高温超导REBCO(稀土-钡-铜-氧)带材临界电流密度的影响,构建了高温超导无绝缘线圈的二维电-磁-力耦合模型．通过在自场充电条件下与常规的等效电路模型结果进行对比,验证了模型的可靠性;对高背景磁场下线圈的磁化和充电过程进行模拟,分析了线圈的电磁及力学行为,得到了耦合条件下线圈中临界电流密度的分布．结果表明：磁化和充电过程中电流密度、偏转角、环向应变和环向应力的方向均相反;与磁化电流反向的感应电流在背景磁场稳定而充电尚未开始时已出现．与顺序求解的结果相比,考虑力学变形的影响会导致临界电流密度的分布不再具有对称性,且靠近线圈上端的区域的临界电流密度较小;此外,当忽略力学变形的影响时,数值结果会高估线圈的屏蔽磁场．     

外加纵向磁场对TIG电弧特性影响的数值分析

基于磁流体动力学方程组,建立外加纵向磁场作用下TIG电弧的三维稳态数学模型,并运用FLUENT软件求解,获得不同磁感应强度下电弧的温度场和流场等特征参数.结果表明:与普通TIG电弧相比,在外加纵向磁场作用下,电弧形貌呈现空心钟罩形;阴极附近等离子体温度略有上升,电弧中心区域温度降低;阳极表面电弧压力和热流密度呈双峰分布,且极值降低,阳极加热面积增大.     

基于结构光视觉的GTAW送丝位置实时传感技术研究

核电反应堆冷却剂管道(主管道)是连接反应堆压力壳与蒸汽发生器之间的主要承压设备，被称为核电的“主动脉”．主管道焊接通常采用钨极氩弧焊(gastungstenarcwelding,GTAW)工艺，通过轨道小车进行全位置焊接．然而，受限于坡口的一致性以及设备的稳定性，焊丝与熔池之间的相对位置(简称为送丝位置)在焊接过程中不可避免地出现偏移，破坏了熔池稳定，进而对焊接质量造成严重影响．此外，焊接过程中的高亮弧光以及高温也进一步加大了送丝位置传感的难度．针对以上问题，本文基于结构光视觉传感法，通过分析送丝位置对熔池形貌的影响机制，研究熔池形貌与结构光反射图样之间的对应关系，获得一种能够有效判断主管道GTAW焊接过程中送丝位置的传感方法．试验结果表明，结构光视觉传感技术能够利用熔池表面的镜面特性，将熔池表面的振动状态放大.当送丝位置位于熔池前端时，在熔池前端出现凹陷，并且反映为反射图样右端位置的点阵集中．当送丝位置位于熔池内部时，根据焊丝熔化状态又分为大电流和小电流两种情况：当电流较小时，焊丝在熔池与电弧热量的共同作用下熔化，使得熔池内部出现凹陷，并反映为反射图样中部的点阵集中；当电流较大时，焊...     

外加变位磁场作用GTAW焊接电弧的数值模拟

为了揭示外加变位磁场对GTAW焊接电弧的形态以及传热传质影响规律,建立了GTAW焊接电弧的数学模型;对比分析了无外加磁场,30°变位磁场,60°变位磁场作用下XZ截面(即Y=0截面)的电弧温度场、压强以及Z=7.5 mm截面电磁力矢量的变化规律;并在电弧空间取一条路径Path1(X方向),详细对比分析了此路径上的电流密度、电弧温度、X方向电磁力分量、Y方向电磁力分量、压强、X方向速度分量、Y方向速度分量的分布规律.结果显示:外加变位磁场作用下的XZ截面的电弧温度场、压强以及Z=7.5 mm截面电磁力矢量均不再呈现对称分布.在Path1上随着变位角度的增加,电弧X方向电磁力分量"波峰"上移、"波谷"下移;电弧Y方向电磁力分量由零变为"双峰分布",再变为"单峰分布",且"波峰"上移;电弧X方向速度分量由类似余弦函数分布逐渐变为"单峰"分布,且"波谷"下移;电弧Y方向速度分量由零逐渐变为类似正弦函数分布,且"波峰"下移,"波谷"上移.     

外磁场驱动的无线内窥镜磁场线圈的设计方法研究

为实现外磁场驱动的无线内窥镜所需的外部磁场,提出了外部磁场线圈的设计方法．针对人体呈圆柱状外形对目标磁场在柱坐标系中进行分解,通过目标场法（target field,TF）反解出电流密度分布,并通过离散得到实际线圈的位置和电流大小．用此方法设计了一个方案,并用有限元软件进行建模仿真,计算磁体转矩的大小,与预计的理想转矩进行了对比;同时分析了均匀磁场的范围．仿真结果表明,这样的线圈和电流分布方式可以使无线内窥镜所带的永磁体在任意平面产生均匀转矩．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.