Effect of tramadol on immune responses and nociceptive thresholds in a rat model of incisional pain

Objective： To evaluate the effects oftramadol on the proinflammatory responses in a rat model of incisional pain by investigating its effects on nociceptive thresholds and serum interleukin-6 （IL-6） and IL-2 levels. Methods： Forty-two male Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats scheduled for plantar incision were randomly divided into 7 groups 01=6 in each group）. Rats in Group 1 receiving general anesthesia with no incision were served as control; At 30 min before skin incision, Groups 2-5 were given 5 ml normal saline or 1, 10, and 20 mg/kg tramadol, respectively, intraperitoneally （i.p.）; Group 6 received 10 mg/kg tramadol after operation; Group 7 received 10 mg/kg tramadol before incision, followed by 200 μg/kg naloxone after operation. Mechanical allodynia was measured by electronic yon Frey filament to evaluate the nociceptive thresholds 1 h before incision, and 1 h and 2 h after operation. Serum IL-6 and IL-2 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） 2 h after operation. Results： Mechanical thresholds decreased significantly and serum IL-6 level increased significantly after operation in Group 2 compared with control （P〈0.01）, and these changes were reversed respectively by tramadol in a dose-dependent manner （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01, respectively）. IL-2 level remained unchanged after operation in Group 2, but decreased in Group 3 （P〈0.05）, then gradually returned to the normal level in Groups 4 and 5. The intraperitoneally injected tramadol （10 and 20 mg/kg） produced a potent and dose-dependent antinocicptive effect on the lesioned paw. The antinocicptive effects of tramadol were partially an- tagonized by naloxone （200 μg/kg）, suggesting an additional non-opioid mechanism. Conclusion： The results suggest that tramadol could be a good choice for the treatment of pain under the conditions that immunosuppression may be particularly contraindicated.     

催化H2O2氧化吖啶黄固体基质室温磷光法测定痕量秋水仙碱

基于秋水仙碱(COL)能催化过氧化氢(H_2O_2)氧化吖啶黄(AY)的反应,导致AY的室温磷光信号(RTP)剧烈猝灭,据此建立了超灵敏催化H2O2氧化AY固体基质室温磷光法(SS-RTP)测定COL的新方法。此方法的量化限(LOQ)为0.12 fg/斑(对应浓度为3.1×10–13 g·m L–1),灵敏度高、简便、快捷、准确。用于血清中COL的测定,结果与UPLC-MS/MS相吻合。同时测定了动力学常数,其活化能(E)为40.53 k J·mol~(–1),速度反应常数(k)为3.97×10~(–4)·s~(–1)。     

盐酸兰地洛尔原料药中3-[4-(3-硝基苯磺酰氧基)苯基]丙酸的检测方法学研究

为了检测并控制合成盐酸兰地洛尔原料药物的质量,依托高效液相色谱-三重串联四级杆质谱建立了一种测定其中痕量基因毒性杂质3-[4-(3-硝基苯磺酰氧基)苯基]丙酸的方法。方法采用多级反应监测模式,检测灵敏度可达到0.50 mg/kg,加标回收率在91.9%~97.8%之间,且精密度的相对标准偏差为3.28%(n=6),均能满足杂质检测的需要。该研究方法操作简单、结果可靠,可实现快速、低成本检测。     

Mechanism of oxidative damage to DNA by Fe-loaded MCM-41 irradiated with visible light

The mechanism of oxidative damage to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) by iron-containing mesoporous molecular sieves (MCM-41) irradiated with visible light was elucidated. Fe-loaded MCM-41 (Fe/MCM-41) was used as a photocatalyst and the damage to calf thymus DNA caused by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was studied. The damage and extent of oxidation of DNA were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and intermediate products were detected by HPLC/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Electron spin resonance was used to detect changes in reactive oxygen species and peroxidase catalytic spectrophotometry was used to determine the concentration of H2O2. The results indicated that Fe/MCM-41 efficiently activated H2O2 in solution at pH 4.0-8.0 under irradiation with visible light. The photocatalytic system degraded DNA most effectively at pH 5.0-6.0 but also operated at pH 8.0. At pH 4.2, the degree of DNA damage reached 25.65% after 5 h and the kinetic constant was 5.89×10 2 min 1. Damage to DNA was predominantly caused by hydroxyl radicals generated in the system. The mechanism of DNA damage is of potential concern to human health because it can occur in neutral solutions irradiated by visible light.     

Synthesis and property of imidazolium oxidative-thermoregulated ionic liquids

A series of novel imidazolium oxidative-ther- moregulated bifunctional ionic liquids （ILs） have been synthesized by introducing the thermoregulated structural unit into imidazolium cation and using heteropolyanion as the anion of ILs. The structures of these new type of taskspecific ionic liquids （TSILs） are characterized by FT-IR and 1H NMR. The thermostability of ILs is analyzed by thermogravimetry. The thermoregulated properties of ILs in aqueous and organic solvents are mainly investigated. These ILs have the corresponding cloud points （CPs） in aqueous. The effects of IL concentration, polymerization degree, inorganic additives and organic additives on the CP are studied. IL/DMF/n-heptane or n-octane biphasic system has the corresponding critical solution temperature （CST）, and has the feature of ＂homogeneous at high temperature, heterogeneous at low temperature＂. The effects of IL dosage and polymerization degree on the CST are given. IL/DMF/n-octane thermoregulated biphasic system has been successfully applied for catalytic oxidative desulfurization of model fuels. This study opens up a new way for catalytic oxidation to achieve an integration of homogeneous catalysis and heterogeneous separation.     

6-烷氧基-2-甲硫基嘌呤衍生物的合成

6-烷氧基-2-烷硫基嘌呤是一类潜在的具有生理功能和药理活性的化合物。本文以2-氨基-6-氯嘌呤(1)为原料,与烯丙基溴反应得9-烯丙基-2-氨基-6-氯嘌呤(2);随后和醇钠反应,合成相应的6-位芳香亲核取代产物(3);再进一步与亚硝酸异戊酯和二甲二硫醚发生重氮-烷硫化反应,生成9-烯丙基-6-烷氧基-2-甲硫基嘌呤(4);最后经硼氢化-氧化反应可得9-(3-和2-羟基丙基)-6-烷氧基-2-甲硫基嘌呤化合物(5和6)。经过4步反应,共合成了13种新化合物,其结构经1H-NMR、13C-NMR和HRMS等表征确证。     

矮坨坨内生真菌Fusarium oxysporum代谢产物及其抗肝癌活性的研究

从矮坨坨根部分离得到的一株内生菌,经形态与分子生物学18S rDNA序列分析鉴定为尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum).运用中压柱色谱,高效制备液相色谱方法和现代波谱技术1HNMR、13CNMR以及LC-MS从其发酵液的乙酸乙酯部位分离鉴定了9个单体化合物,分别为4-氨基-2-羟基嘧啶(1),4,5-二氢-3H-吡唑-3-羧酸甲酯(2),4-羟基-7-(2-羟基-丁基)-3-甲基-氧杂环庚烷-2-酮(3),2-氨基-3-甲基戊酸(4),2,5-二氨基戊酸(5),2-氨基-3-甲基丁酸(6)4-羟基苯甲酸(7),脱氢镰刀菌酸(8),镰刀菌酸(9),其中化合物8对肝癌HepG2和Hep3B细胞具有较强的细胞毒活性,IC50值分别为23.9和29.1 μg/mL,而对正常肝细胞L-02未显示细胞毒性.     

Comparative proteomics analysis of <Emphasis Type="Italic">OsNAS1</Emphasis> transgenic <Emphasis Type="Italic">Brassica napus</Emphasis> under salt stress

Salt stress is one of the major abiotic stresses in agricultural plants worldwide. We used proteomics to analyze the differential expression of proteins in transgenic OsNAS1 and non-transformant Brassica napus treated with 20 mmol/L Na₂CO₃. Total protein from the leaves was extracted and separated through a high-resolution and highly repetitive two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) technology system. Twelve protein spots were reproducibly observed to be upregulated by more than 2-fold between transgenic and non-transformant B. napus. These 12 spots were digested in-gel with trypsin and characterized by matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) to obtain the peptide mass fingerprints. Protein database searching revealed that 5 of these proteins are involved in salt tolerance: dehydrogenase, glutathione S-transferase, peroxidase, 20S proteasome beta subunit, and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. The potential functions of these identified proteins in substance and energy metabolism, stress tolerance, protein degradation, and cell defense are discussed. The salt tolerance of the transgenic rapeseed was significantly improved by the introduction of the OsNAS1 gene from Brazilian upland rice of Oryza sativa (cv. IAPAR 9).     

Improvement of xylanase production by Aspergillus niger XY-1 using response surface methodology for optimizing the medium composition

Objective： To study the optimal medium composition for xylanase production by Aspergillus niger XY-1 in solid-state fermentation （SSF）. Methods： Statistical methodology including the Plackett-Burman design （PBD） and the central composite design （CCD） was employed to investigate the individual crucial component of the medium that significantly affected the enzyme yield. Results： Firstly, NaNO3, yeast extract, urea, Na2CO3, MgSO4, peptone and （NH4）2SO4 were screened as the significant factors positively affecting the xylanase production by PBD. Secondly, by valuating the nitrogen sources effect, urea was proved to be the most effective and economic nitrogen source for xylanase production and used for further optimization. Finally, the CCD and response surface methodology （RSM） were applied to determine the optimal concentration of each significant variable, which included urea, Na2CO3 and MgSO4. Subsequently a second-order polynomial was determined by multiple regression analysis. The optimum values of the critical components for maximum xylanase production were obtained as follows： x1 （urea）=0.163 （41.63 g/L）, x2 （Na2CO3）=-1.68 （2.64 g/L）, X3 （MgSO4）= 1.338 （10.68 g/L） and the predicted xylanase value was 14374.6 U/g dry substrate. Using the optimized condition, xylanase production by Aspergillus niger XY-1 after 48 h fermentation reached 14637 U/g dry substrate with wheat bran in the shake flask. Conclusion： By using PBD and CCD, we obtained the optimal composition for xylanase production by Aspergillus niger XY-1 in SSF, and the results of no additional expensive medium and shortened fermentation time for higher xylanase production show the potential for industrial utilization.     

液质联用法分析王老吉凉茶中的3种有效成分

建立同时测定王老吉凉茶中的绿原酸、异绿原酸C、甘草酸3种有效成分含量的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)分析方法.用Agilent Zorbax RRHD Eclipse Plus C18(50mm×2.1mm,1.8μm)色谱柱,以甲醇-0.1%甲酸的水溶液为流动相,流速为0.30mL/min.在电喷雾电离(ESI)模式下,采用的是多重反应监测模式(MRM)进行检测,绿原酸、异绿原酸C、甘草酸的线性范围分别为0.030~4.500mg/L、0.045~4.500mg/L、0.016~2.000mg/L;检出限分别为10、12、3μg/L;3种成分的加样回收率为94.7%~103%,RSD均不大于1.9%.该方法简便、准确、快速、高灵敏度,已成功地用于实际的样品分析.     

阿奇霉素相关物的制备

为解决国内缺少阿奇霉素杂质对照品的现状,加强阿奇霉素的质量控制,通过化学合成或半制备液相色谱分离的方法制备了红霉素A 6,9-亚胺醚,红霉素A 9,11-亚胺醚,3-去克拉定糖阿奇霉素,3’-N-去甲基阿奇霉素,3’-N-去甲基-3’-N-对-乙酰胺基苯磺酰基阿奇霉素和阿奇霉素B 6种杂质的纯品. 经过核磁共振、质谱等手段确认各化合物结构正确;并从生产工艺出发详细分析了各杂质的来源和可行的控制方法.      

Single zircon dating by LAM-ICPMS technique

A UV laser ablation microprobe-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LAMICPMS) is used to determine the Pb/Pb and Pb/U ages of several zircon grains whose ages have been measured by the conventional U-Pb thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) method. The mass fractionation factor of Pb isotope ratio was typically between 0.010-0.012 and corrected by NIST610 glass standard. Several factors that influence the stability of Pb/U ratio have been investigated and optimized. The precision of²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb and²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U from each sampling crater is within 0.6%—2.4% and 1%—10% respectively, while the precision for the average of mean ratios from different craters is 0.7% and 6% correspondingly. The²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb and²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age differences compared with TIMS results are ≪ 1% and < 3% respectively.     

Clinical investigation of surgery for intermittent exotropia

Objective： To investigate the time and postoperative binocular vision of strabismus surgery for children with intermittent exotropia （X（T））. Methods： A retrospective investigation was conducted in 80 child patients with intermittent exotropia. Pre- and postoperative angles of deviation fixating at near （33 cm） and distant targets （6 m） were measured with the prolonged alternate cover testing. The binocular function was assessed with synoptophore. Twenty-one patients took the postoperative synoptophore exercise. Results： （1） A week after surgery, 96.2% of the 80 patients had binocular normotopia, while a year after surgery, 91.3% of the 80 patients had binocular normotopia; （2） Preoperatively, 58 patients had near stereoacuity, while postoperatively, 72 patients achieved near stereoacuity （P〈0.05）; （3） Preoperatively, 64 patients had Grade Ⅰ for the synoptophore evaluation and postoperatively, 76 patients achieved Grade Ⅰ. Meanwhile, 55 patients had Grade Ⅱ preoperatively and 72 achieved Grade Ⅱ postoperatively. For Grade Ⅲ, there were 49 patients preoperatively and 64 patients postoperatively （P〈0.05）; （4） Patients of 5-8 years old had a significantly better recovery rate of binocular vision than those of 9-18 years old （P〈0.05）; （5） Patients taking postoperative synoptophore exercise had a better binocular vision than those taking no exercise （P〈0.05）. Conclusions： （1） Strabismus surgery can help to preserve or restore the binocular vision for intermittent exotropia; （2） Receiving the surgery at young ages may develop better postoperative binocular vision; （3） The postoperative synoptophore exercise can help to restore the binocular vision.     

Biological correlates of psychological states among young children: a cross-sectional examination of roles of aspartate transaminase/alanine aminotransferase,insulin, and cytokines

Compared to data on adolescents and adults, limited research has been conducted on biological corre- lates among young children with possible psychological difficulties, especially in Asian countries. By focusing on various peripheral biochemical indicators, we investigated potential biological correlates of psychological states in a community sample of Taiwanese school children aged 6-10 years. In total, 307 students （159 obese children and 148 normal-weight children） were selected from first- and fourth-grade school children in eight elementary schools in the Taipei metropolitan area in 2009. These children underwent a comprehensive health examination, including a physical examination, blood sample analysis, and questionnaire administration in a hospital. Differences in anthropometric and serum biochemical readings were compared between children with average and worse levels on each of the five psychological domains. We found that interleukin （IL）-1β [β = 1.29, 95 % confidence interval （CI） 0.50-2.09], IL-10 （β = 1.61, 95 % CI 〈0.01-3.24）, fasting blood glucose （β = 0.08, 95 % CI 0.01-0.15）, homocysteine （β = 0.63, 95 % CI 0.09-1.18）, and aspar- tate transaminase （AST） （β = 0.15, 95 % CI 〈0.01-0.31） were significantly positively associated with anxiety. In addition, IL-113, insulin, AST, and alanine aminotransam- inase （ALT） were significantly positively associated with depression. Anger and disruptive behaviors were also related to specific biological correlates. Specific biological correlates, including AST/ALT, cardiovascular disease- related variables, and specific cytokines, were linked to particular psychological states among young children in this Asian population. These might provide a route for better understanding the biological aspects of children＇s mental health and might contribute to research on diag- nostic or predictive biomarkers for psychiatric diseases in young children.     

Tannins from Canarium album with potent antioxidant activity

The contents of total phenolics and extractable condensed tannins in the leaves, twigs and stem bark of Canarium album were determined. The structural heterogeneity of condensed tannins from stem bark was characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry （MALDI-TOF MS） and nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） analyses The results show the predominance of signals representative of procyanidins and prodelphinidins. In addition, epicatechin and epigallocatechin polymers with galloylated procyanidin or prodelphinidin were also observed. The tannins were screened for their potential antioxidant activities using l,l-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） and ferric reducing/antioxidant power （FRAP） model systems. Tannins extracted from leaves, twigs and stem bark all showed a very good DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing power.     

Benthic foraminiferal δ~(13)C minimum events in the southeastern Okhotsk Sea over the last 180 ka

A total of six d13C minimum events,i.e.,VI,V,IV,III,II,and I,were observed via a stable carbon and oxygen isotope analysis of infaunal benthic foraminifera Uvigerina spp.in gravity core OS03-1 in the southeastern Okhotsk Sea over the last 180 ka.These events occurred at112–109,102–90,85–76,57–54,44–40,and 17–10 ka BP.The largest negative excursions reached 2.5%in event V and were greater than 1%in the other events.We proposed that all d13C minimum events were caused by the increase in sea surface water productivity,the weakened formation of Okhotsk Sea intermediate water,and the enhancement of the oxygen minimum zone.The negative excursions were unaffected by methane hydrate destabilization and subsequent methane release based on the results obtained by using archaeal lipid markers.     

阴离子油性添加剂对铝酸钠溶液晶种分解的影响

考查了脂肪酸类阴离子表面活性剂与二十一碳烷不同配比和不同添加量对铝酸钠溶液分解产生的氢氧化铝的粒度、强度及分解率的影响,并探讨了与之相关的机理·实验表明:脂肪酸质量分数在15%～49%的油性添加剂,添加量为50×10-6～150×10-6g·L-1时,可以增加氢氧化铝的粒度,降低细粒子分布,提高粒子的强度,略降低分解率;当添加剂中脂肪酸质量分数为32%时,添加量为150×10-6g·L-1时,其综合性能优于国外同类产品·     

含1,3,4-噻二唑希夫碱衍生物及其金属配合物的合成和荧光性能研究

以水杨酸、氨基硫脲为原料,POCl3作为溶剂、催化剂、环合剂,合成了2-氨基-5-(2-羟基苯基)-1,3,4-噻二唑.通过其与相应的芳香醛反应,合成了3种含杂环1,3,4-噻二唑的希夫碱及其金属配合物.采用傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)和核磁共振(1H-NMR)对目标产物及其中间体进行了表征,通过荧光光谱研究了其光学性能.结果表明:所用方法反应时间短、操作简单、产率高,这些化合物具有较强的荧光发射光谱,有望成为较好的有机光电材料.     

Effects and complications of placement of motility coupling post in porous polyethylene orbital implants

Objective： To investigate the effects and complications of primary and secondary placements of motility coupling post （MCP） in the unwrapped porous polyethylene orbital implant （PPOI） following enucleation. Methods： We investigated 198 patients who received PPOI implantation following the standard enucleation procedure in the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, from 2002 to 2004. These patients were subgrouped into PPOI-only patients （112 cases, received PPOI following enucleation）, primary MCP patients （46 cases, received primary placement of MCP during PPOI operation）, and secondary MCP patients （40 cases, received secondary placement ofMCP 6 months after the initial surgery）. Effects and complications among these three groups were compared. Results： The PPOI-only patients took shorter treatment course when compared with other two MCP groups （P〈0.001）, without significant difference noted between the two MCP groups. However, the two MCP groups had better prosthetic motility than PPOI-only group （P〈0.001）, without significant difference between the two MCP groups. In the early stage, 2 eyes in the PPOI-only group and l eye in the primary MCP group had PPOI infection. In PPOI-only group, 3 （2.68%） eyes had PPOI exposure, which occurred after fitting the prostheses; 4 eyes （8.70%） in primary MCP group and 1 eye （2.50%） in secondary MCP had PPOI exposure, which occurred before fitting the prostheses. After prosthesis was fit successfully, the excessive discharge and granuloma were 33.9% and 1.79% in PPOI group-only, 53.3% and 8.9% in primary MCP group, and 52.5% and 7.5% in secondary MCP group, respectively. Conclusion： Both primary and secondary placements of MCP into the PPOI following enucleation can help patients to obtain desirable prosthetic motility, but may be associated with more complications. The primary placement of MCP with skilled operation in selected patients is more recommendable than secondary plac     

珊瑚来源放线菌Streptomyces albidoflavus M13.1的次级代谢产物化学成分研究

为了研究珊瑚来源放线菌Streptomyces albidoflavus M13.1中的次级代谢产物,利用硅胶色谱法、凝胶色谱法、薄层色谱法、中压液相色谱法等技术对珊瑚来源放线菌Streptomyces albidoflavus M13.1发酵物的乙酸乙酯提取物进行分离和纯化,通过核磁共振氢谱（¹H-NMR）、核磁共振碳谱（¹³C-NMR）、质谱（MS）等波谱数据及文献对照方法对化合物进行结构鉴定。从放线菌S.albidoflavus M13.1分离鉴定出13个化合物,分别为5-（6-methyl-7-oxooctyl）furan-2（5H）-one（1）、肉桂酸（2）、环（亮-脯）二肽（3）、5-（6,7-dihydroxy-6-methyloctyl）furan-2（5H）-one（4）、环（丙-脯）二肽（5）、香豆酸（6）、环（丙-亮）二肽（7）、N-乙酰基酪胺（8）、环（4-羟基-脯-苯丙）二肽（9）、环（甘-丙）二肽（10）、环（甘-脯）二肽（11）、尿嘧啶核苷（12）、2''-O-甲氧基尿嘧啶核苷（13）。这13个化合物均为首次从珊瑚来源的S.albidoflavus M13.1样品中分离得到,且均无明显的抗肿瘤细胞增殖活性。