粉末铁基高温合金的制备工艺研究

采用粉末机械合金化-温压成型-真空烧结等方法制备了氧化物弥散强化铁基高温合金MA956,并对其制备工艺和组织性能进行了研究。结果表明,高能振动球磨4h粉末颗粒细小均匀,已经基本实现了合金化,将其在120℃、500MPa条件下进行温压成型,压坯密度比常温模压工艺提高了0．3g／cm3;烧结温度对烧结体组织和性能有较大的影响,粉末压坯在1350℃烧结其致密度最高,为90．8％,且显微组织致密性好。     

球磨时间对Mo_2FeB_2基金属陶瓷组织和力学性能的影响

以Mo、FeB、Cr、Ni、Fe粉末以及少量的C粉为原料,采用行星球磨法对其球磨后烧结制备Mo2FeB2基金属陶瓷,利用扫描电镜观察球磨粉及其烧结试样的组织形貌,并测定烧结试样的孔隙度、硬度和抗弯强度,研究原料粉末球磨时间对Mo2FeB2基金属陶瓷组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着球磨时间的增加,粉末粒度逐渐变小,Mo2FeB2基金属陶瓷的孔隙度明显降低,其硬度和抗弯强度明显增大,晶粒也随之细化;球磨30h原料粉末所制Mo2FeB2基金属陶瓷的综合性能最优,其硬度(HRA)达到90.2,抗弯强度达到1850MPa。     

注射成形0Cr17Mn11Mo3N无镍高氮不锈钢的烧结

采用粉末注射成形技术制备了0Cr17Mn11Mo3N无镍高氮奥氏体不锈钢,研究了各烧结工艺参数(温度、时间、气氛)对其相对密度及氮含量的影响. 结果表明:温度是最重要的烧结参数,提高温度可以显著增加烧结体的相对密度,但引起氮含量的下降,在1300℃以上烧结,烧结体相对密度可达99%以上;烧结时间所起作用不明显,烧结2h足够使粉末致密化过程完成;气氛对0Cr17Mn11Mo3N不锈钢的烧结影响显著,在N2 H2混合气中烧结比在纯N2气中获得更高的相对密度及更低的氮含量. 0Cr17Mn11Mo3N不锈钢的最佳烧结条件为:温度1300℃,时间2h,气氛采用流动的高纯氮气,此时烧结体相对密度达到99.1%,氮质量分数为0.78%.     

钢水定氧半电池电极粉的预处理工艺研究

炼钢过程中钢水氧含量的准确测量关键在于定氧半电池,其参比电极粉以Cr2O3和Cr粉末为主要原料。研究Cr2O3和Cr粉末的混合比例,并进行相应的装配前预处理,以制备适用于低氧端测试的半电池参比电极粉。结果表明,为保证参比气氛氧分压的稳定,参比电极粉中Cr必须过量;采用球磨混合方式,通过预烧结处理的参比电极粉,可有效防止高温烧结团聚现象,提高定氧电信号的测量速度和准确性。     

球磨时间对等离子烧结Al2024-TiN复合材料的影响

采用高能球磨(HEM)和放电等离子烧结(SPS)工艺制备了纳米颗粒增强超细晶Al2024-TiN(2%TiN)复合材料,研究了球磨时间对球磨后复合粉末形貌和组织以及对烧结后复合材料组织和性能的影响.结果表明:粉末形貌随着球磨时间而发生变化,当球磨时间大于30 h时,铝粉末的形貌和粒径不再发生明显变化,晶粒尺寸也稳定在36nm左右,但粉末堆积密度随球磨时间延长而增加;随着球磨时间增加,烧结样的相对致密度逐渐上升,其屈服和抗压强度先上升后下降,球磨40 h的烧结样的强度最高,屈服和抗压强度分别为734.2 MPa和871.6 MPa,仍保有10%的工程应变;具有相同晶粒尺寸的球磨40 h和50 h的粉末在烧结过程中发生了不同程度的晶粒长大,烧结后晶粒尺寸分别为145.4 nm和289.2 nm,球磨50 h的粉末晶粒长大更明显.     

用机械合金化法制备含氮不锈钢粉末

采用机械合金化法(MA)分别在N2气氛和氨水介质中利用高能球磨进行了含氮不锈钢粉末的制备,探讨了MA法对含氮不锈钢粉末性能的影响.结果表明,随球磨时间延长,粉末含氮量升高,接近高氮不锈钢氮含量,且颗粒不断细化,球磨10h的粉末粒度可达到1.878μm.     

放电等离子烧结制备高强度奥氏体不锈钢

以AISI 304L奥氏体不锈钢粉体为原料,采用高能球磨与放电等离子烧结(SPS)的方式制备致密化块体材料,对球磨产物和烧结体进行物相、微观形貌分析,并对烧结体的密度、硬度及拉伸性能进行测试。研究结果表明:AISI304L不锈钢粉体经高能球磨得到奥氏体与马氏体双相纳米晶粉;经SPS 950℃烧结的样品为奥氏体组织,并具有较优异的力学性能,其致密度为99.11%,屈服强度为336 MPa,抗拉强度为609 MPa,硬度为212.4 HV0.1。     

TiH2粉末制备钛合金的烧结脱氢规律及工艺

 以TiH₂粉末为原料,通过压制成型和烧结工艺制备粉末钛合金,不同于传统钛粉末冶金方法。通过热分析和热膨胀技术研究不同球磨粒度TiH₂粉末的脱氢和收缩规律,以此入手研究了TiH₂粉末压坯和TiH₂-Al-V粉末压坯的烧结致密特性,以及影响烧结过程的主要工艺因素,包括烧结温度、烧结时间、升温速率、压坯密度、压坯成型方式、合金体系,并对烧结组织进行了分析。结果表明,TiH₂粉末球磨后脱氢温度降低,粉末越细,开始温度越低。TiH₂粉末压坯在烧结过程中脱氢后获得新鲜钛,其易发生黏接并引起α-Ti的强烈收缩,这时烧结体很容易致密,并获得相对密度大于99%坯体;相比之下,TiH₂-Al-V粉末压坯烧结时因为合金元素的溶解,不如纯TiH₂粉末压坯的烧结容易致密。TiH₂-Al-V粉末经过成型、烧结脱氢可获得典型的层片状α+β钛合金组织,合金元素分布均匀。     

3%C-Cu机械球磨复合粉末的烧结

为了给后续的致密化工序(如热挤压)提供较高质量的烧结坯,用扫描电镜和光学显微镜分析了3%C-Cu机械球磨复合粉末所制备烧结坯的显微组织,并研究了工艺参数对其相对致密度的影响规律.结果表明,烧结温度对未机械球磨混合粉烧结行为的影响很大,而机械球磨复合粉对烧结温度不敏感.真空热压烧结可以明显地促进致密化过程.提高烧结温度、延长烧结保温时间或增加热压压强,均有助于提高烧结坯的相对致密度.在相同条件下,烧结坯的相对致密度随着复合粉末机械球磨时间的延长而降低.     

尺寸和球磨对细晶钨粉烧结体致密度的影响

采用溶胶喷雾干燥-煅烧-氢热还原法制备了粒径为0.14μm的超细纯钨粉末。研究不同球磨(干磨,湿磨)方式对钨粉形貌以及粉末成形性的影响,探讨纯钨样品性能随样品不同尺寸(2.5mm厚小样品和2cm厚大样品)的变化。此外还详细研究了纯钨烧结体组织形貌、晶粒尺寸等性能随球磨方式及样品尺寸的变化规律。结果表明,使用干磨法和湿磨法球磨处理都可以有效提高粉末的成形性。使用干磨法球磨制备的粉末的烧结体致密度高于湿磨法所制备的,且在大尺寸样品中其致密度分布也较湿磨法所制备粉末的烧结体更加均匀。湿磨粉颗粒粒径分布较广,颗粒容易长大。干磨粉由于活化效果较弱,烧结体颗粒更加细小。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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