植物果,根,茎中SOD的初步筛选

超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide Dismutase简称SOD)是催化超氧阴离子自由基(O_2~((?)))发生歧化反应的一类金属酶。由于超氧阴离子自由基(O_2~((?)))对机体有损害,SOD对机体就起到了一种保护作用。据报道,SOD对超氧自由基引起的各种疾病如肿瘤、红斑狼疮、皮肌炎等都有一定的疗效,SOD作为植物抗逆剂、人体抗衰老剂,在临     

尖顶羊肚菌胞外多糖提取物抗氧化作用的研究

用尖顶羊肚菌胞外多糖提取物检测了对超氧阴离子、羟基自由基及ABTS自由基的抑制作用,用其灌胃衰老模型小鼠,观察其对小鼠大脑超氧化物歧化酶活性(SOD)、脂褐素(LF)和丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响.结果表明:2 mg/mL多糖提取物对超氧阴离子的抑制率为43.06%,1 mg/mL多糖提取物对羟基自由基的抑制率为72.4...     

超氧化物歧化酶的理论研究进展

超氧化物歧化酶(SODs)是生物体内清除超氧阴离子自由基(O2.-)的一种重要酶,具有抗氧化、抗癌、抗衰老等生物活性.本文综述了SODs的分类、结构、化学模型及理论研究进展,并对在理论研究中存在的问题及其发展前景作了概述.     

中药的不同相对分子质量成分对抑制超氧阴离子自由基的EPR研究

用不同截留相对分子质量的超滤膜对中药活血化瘀方提取液进行相对分子质量分级,并分别用二甲基亚砜体系和黄嘌呤-黄嘌呤氧化酶体系测定了药物的不同相对分子质量成分淬灭超氧阴离子自由基(O2(-)/(·))的能力.实验结果表明,经超滤膜分离后得到的低相对分子质量成分抑制超氧阴离子自由基O2(-)/(·)的效果非常显著,说明药物的有效部位主要是在低相对分子质量成分中,通过膜分离能有效地提高药物有效部位的浓度和药效.另对药物在上述2种体系中增抑超氧阴离子自由基O2(-)/(·)的机理进行了探讨.     

白芨中性多糖抗氧化作用的实验研究

研究本实验室提取分离的白芨中性多糖体外清除氧自由基(ROS)的作用、对H2O2诱导的红细胞溶血的作用,以及对D-半乳糖衰老模型小鼠体内超氧物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响.实验结果表明,白芨中性多糖体外能有效清除羟自由基(·OH),并呈量效关系;在NBT光化还原的反应体系中,未显示清除超氧阴离子(O2-.)的作用;低浓度抑制H2O2诱导的红细胞溶血;对D-半乳糖所致小鼠体重负增长和体内SOD活性下降有显著抑制作用.     

超氧阴离子自由基诱导皮层神经细胞Cu/Zn SOD基因表达的研究

目的:探讨超氧阴离子自由基对神经细胞Cu/ZnSOD基因表达的影响.方法:以产超氧阴离子自由基系统(XO/X)作用于原代培养的新生大鼠大脑皮层神经元,分析SOD含量、SOD活性和SODmRNA丰度.结果:SOD含量随超氧阴离子自由基作用时间的延长显著增加,第5天后增加的变化趋于稳定,第7天达每毫克蛋白质(1.24±0.23)μg;SOD活性在开始的1～5 d呈上升状态,第5天为每毫克蛋白质(5.30±0.44)U,第6天开始显著下降为每毫克蛋白质(2.15±0.32)U,且稳定至第7天的每毫克蛋白质(2.08±0.73)U;SODmRNA的相对丰度显著高于对照组.结论:超氧阴离子自由基可诱导培养的神经细胞Cu/ZnSOD基因表达;SOD活性变化和SOD含量变化并不平行,可能是在超氧阴离子自由基作用一定时间后,细胞内出现了无活性或/和低活性的SOD.     

蚯蚓冻干粉的抗氧化作用

为了探讨蚯蚓冻干粉的体内外抗氧化活性,取60只小鼠,随机分为5组,空白对照组饲喂基础饲料,高脂饲料组饲喂高脂饲料,其余3组在饲喂高脂饲料的同时按0.6,0.4,0.2 g/kg体重灌胃蚯蚓冻干粉悬液.8周后,断尾采血测定血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量;体外采用邻苯三酚反应系统产生超氧阴离子(O2-),过氧化氢反应体系产生羟基自由基(OH-),检测不同浓度蚯蚓冻干粉悬液上清对自由基的清除作用.结果表明:血清中MDA的含量和SOD活力显著降低(p0.01);蚯蚓冻干粉悬液在实验质量浓度(0.06 g/mL)时对超氧阴离子有显著的清除作用,清除率为23.9%,对羟基自由基的抑制率可达94.6%.     

真菌超氧物歧化酶的研究 Ⅰ 酶活性的比较与同工酶类型的鉴定

超氧物歧化酶(SOD)是广泛存在于需氧和耐氧生物机体内的金属酶,按其金属辅基成分可分为Mn-SOD、Fe-SOD和Cu·Zn-SOD三种类型.近期又发现Mn-SOD与Fe-SOD的杂合型。大量研究证实,不少疾病的起因均与自由基有关,而SOD能清除超氧阴离子(O_2~((?))),在预防衰老、抗辐射损伤、以及治疗肿瘤和炎症等方面有一定的     

龙眼多糖通过下调氧自由基水平的抗疲劳作用研究

为了探讨龙眼多糖抗运动性疲劳的作用及其抗氧化调节机制,本文以小鼠作为实验对象,观察小鼠负重力竭游泳时龙眼多糖抗疲劳作用。通过紫外分光光度法,检测龙眼多糖对超氧阴离子(O-2·)和羟自由基(·OH)的清除作用;测定小鼠游泳后血液中丙二醛(MDA)含量、尿素氮(BUN)含量、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、乳酸变化等。结果表明:龙眼多糖能明显延长小鼠负重游泳时间(P0.05),减少小鼠尿素氮的产生(P0.05)以及乳酸含量(P0.05)和丙二醛(MDA)含量(P0.05),增加乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)(P0.05)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)(P0.05)的活性。龙眼多糖对羟自由基(·OH)有较强的清除作用,对超氧阴离子自由基(O-2·)的清除作用较小,可见,龙眼多糖具有良好的抗疲劳作用。     

超氧化物歧化酶的研究及应用前景

超氧化物歧化酶是一种广泛存在于动物、植物、微生物中的金属酶,按其结合的金属离子可分为Fe-SOD、Mn-SOD、CuZn-SOD三种,它们催化超氧阴离子自由基O-2发生歧化反应,从而清除O-2,因而它能防御氧毒性,增强机体抗辐射损伤能力,防衰老,在一些肿瘤、炎症、自身免疫疾病等治疗中有良好疗效.本文对SOD的分布与定位,理化特性及结构,SOD分子修饰与SOD模拟酶,SOD基因克隆与表达以及SOD应用前景进行了综述.     

Structure and mechanism of copper, zinc superoxide dismutase

Copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD) catalyses the very rapid two-step dismutation of the toxic superoxide radical (O-2) to molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide through the alternate reduction and oxidation of the active-site copper. We report here that after refitting and further refinement of the previous 2 A structure of SOD2, analysis of the new model and its calculated molecular surface shows an extensive surface topography of sequence-conserved residues stabilized by underlying tight packing and H-bonding. There is a single, highly complementary position for O-2 to bind to both the Cu(II) and activity-important Arg 141 with correct geometry; two water molecules form a ghost of the superoxide in this position. The geometry and molecular surface of the active site, together with biochemical data, suggest a specific model for the enzyme mechanism.     

双氧水对叶片延迟发光的影响

采用生物超微弱发光探测技术对不同浓度的双氧水(H2O2)胁迫下植物叶片的延迟发光、超氧物歧化酶(SOD)和脂氧合酶(LOX)活性等参数进行了测量和分析.结果表明:所有的浓度都使延迟发光衰减加快,随培养时间的增加,叶片的延迟发光衰减参数1/P的变化先比较缓慢,保持一段时间的相对稳定,然后明显下降;超氧物歧化酶(SOD)活性化整体上是下降的,脂氧合酶(LOX)活性先减小后增加.     

金钱松种子贮藏过程中的生理生化特征研究

对不同含水率的金钱松种子在贮藏期间的发芽率、生活力以及各项生理生化指标的变化进行分析,结果表明:(1)金钱松种子临界含水率在3%～4%。含水率与发芽率、生活力以及POD活性之间存在显著负相关性,相关性大小排序为生活力、POD活性、发芽率。(2)金钱松种子可溶性蛋白质含量、粗脂肪含量、MDA含量、游离脯氨酸含量、SOD和POD活性与发芽率、生活力之间存在显著负相关性;各项指标与发芽率的相关性大小排序为SOD活性、MDA含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、游离脯氨酸含量、POD活性、粗脂肪含量,与种子生活力的相关性大小排序为SOD活性、POD活性、游离脯氨酸含量、粗脂肪含量、蛋白质含量、MDA含量。(3)O.2-含量虽然与金钱松种子发芽率、种子生活力之间的相关性不显著,但是与种子的可溶性糖和淀粉存在显著负相关性、与MDA含量之间存在显著正相关性。(4)金钱松种子可溶性糖和淀粉的含量与其他生理生化指标之间的相关性不显著。     

Superoxide anion is involved in the breakdown of endothelium-derived vascular relaxing factor

Endothelium-derived vascular relaxing factor (EDRF) is a humoral agent that is released by vascular endothelium and mediates vasodilator responses induced by various substances including acetylcholine and bradykinin. EDRF is very unstable, with a half-life of between 6 and 50 s, and is clearly distinguishable from prostacyclin. The chemical structure of EDRF is unknown but it has been suggested that it is either a hydroperoxy- or free radical-derivative of arachidonic acid or an unstable aldehyde, ketone or lactone. We have examined the role of superoxide anion (O-2) in the inactivation of EDRF released from vascular endothelial cells cultured on microcarrier beads and bioassayed using a cascade of superfused aortic smooth muscle strips. With this system, we have now demonstrated that EDRF is protected from breakdown by superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Cu2+, but not by catalase, and is inactivated by Fe2+. These findings indicate that O-2 contributes significantly to the instability of EDRF.     

活性氧清除系统在小麦幼苗叶绿体抗旱生理中的作用

以小麦幼苗为材料,研究了叶绿体中活性氧清除系统在干旱胁迫过程中的反应。结果表明:随着处理时间的增加,小麦叶绿体中可溶性蛋白、丙二醛(MDA)和超氧自由基(O2-)含量呈上升趋势,以20%浓度胁迫组增加最为明显;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性明显低于对照组,但20%处理组出现较大波动;过氧化物酶(POD)活性呈现先降后升趋势。活性氧清除系统在干旱胁迫中表现出一定的协同作用。     

Relationship between luminescence and matrices in the system Al_2O_3-B_2O_3-C_2O_3

The system Al-2O-3-B-2O-3-Ce-2O-3, with Al/B ratio varying from 4.5 to 2 and Ce/(Al+B)=0.02, has been prepared at the temperature from 1 200 to 1 400℃. Relationship between luminescence and matrices in the system Al-2O-3-B-2O-3-Ce-2O-3 was investigated. It was found that some changes of the matrices occurred with Al/B ratio varying from 4.5 to 2. These results lead to a great change in luminescence properties, indicating variation of Ce-surroundings of crystal field. With the decrease of the ratio from 3 to 2, the excitation and emission peaks shift to shorter wavelengths. It was also found that a new type of rare earth luminescent materials was obtained with appropriate Al/B ratio.     

Effects of -NO2 and -NH2 functional groups in mixed-linker Zr-based MOFs on gas adsorption of CO2 and CH4

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of mixing BDC-NO_2 and BDC-NH_2 linkers in the synthesis of Zrbased metal organic frameworks(Zr-MOFs) on their adsorption and separation of CO_2 and CH_4. Ui O-66 with single or binary-NO_2 and-NH2 samples were synthesized under solvothermal conditions and activated by solvent exchanging using methanol. Structural analyses of the materials were conducted using FTIR, XRD, TGA,SEM,1 HNMR and N2 adsorption/desorption techniques and adsorption of CO_2 and CH_4 at high pressures and different temperatures(273 and 298 K) was investigated. It was found that Ui O-66-NH2 exhibited higher CO_2 and CH_4 adsorption capacities than those of Ui O-66-NO_2. Addition of-NH_2 functional group in Ui O-66-NO_2 could enhance CO_2 and CH_4 adsorption due to the extra CO_2 adsorption sites of-NH_2 functional groups. Addition of-NO_2 functional group to Ui O-66-NH2 at a low loading could also increase CO_2 and CH_4 adsorption, however,a high loading of NO_2 functional group to Ui O-66-NH2 would result in decreased adsorption.     

用光电子能谱研究金属锰、镁表面与甲醇、乙醇反应

用XPS和UPS法研究金属Mn、Mg表面与CH_3OH、C_2H_5OH的反应,室温下,ROH(R=CH_3,C_2H_5)以RO~-的形态吸附在Mg表面,Mn表面有较高的活性,ROH除以RO~-的形态被吸附外,部分还分解为O~(2-)和脱附的碳氢化合物,加热至600K时,Mn表面RO~-完全分解为O~(2-)和R,后者与表面氢结合后脱附,部分C_2H_5O~-中的碳成无定形碳并在～675K加氢脱附,ROH在氧化锰表面除以RO~-的形态被吸附外,在高于650K时还产生CH_2O_(a)、C_2H_4O_(a)等,这些物种在700K依然存在,氧化使锰表面断裂R—O和C—C键的活性降低而其脱氢活性仍然存在。     

Oxygen intermediates are triggered early in the cytolytic pathway of human NK cells

The mechanism of tumour cell destruction by natural killer (NK) cells or other lymphocytes is not understood. NK cells appear to represent a primitive anti-tumour surveillance system more analogous to macrophages than lymphocytes. Free oxygen radicals (O-2, OH) and H2O2 are thought to be involved in cell destruction by macrophages and therefore we looked for similar cytocidal intermediates of oxygen in NK cells. These highly reactive molecular species can easily be detected in the presence of luminol by the emission of light. We show here that highly enriched human NK cells respond to NK-sensitive but not NK-insensitive tumour cells with a rapid burst of oxygen metabolites as detected both by chemiluminescence and cytochrome c reduction. Agents which can prevent chemiluminescence and cytochrome c reduction, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced NK-mediated cytolysis and agents which increased chemiluminescence, such as interferon, also increased NK-mediated cytolysis. These results suggest that the production of oxygen species may be the earliest event to occur in the NK cell following tumour cell contact, and these products are involved in NK-mediated cytolysis.     

MCM－41分子筛的合成与表征

在Ｎａ２Ｏ－（ＣＴＭＡ）２Ｏ－ＳｉＯ２－Ｈ２Ｏ与（ＴＭＡ）２Ｏ－（ＣＴＭＡ）２Ｏ－ＳｉＯ２－Ｈ２Ｏ体系中分别合成了不同硅铝比及全硅ＭＣＭ－４１分子筛作品，考察了诸因素对晶比过程的影响，同时对其酸性、热稳定性和催化性能进行了表征．