福建沿海蟹类初步调查

本文共记述了福建沿海蟹类169种,分隶于15科86属。其中4种系国内首次报道。福建沿海蟹类以热带、亚热带种类占绝对优势,一些典型的热带性种类,通常以平潭岛及其附近海区为分布北界。文章还对蟹类的区系组成及其生态特点作了概述。     

福建沿岸海域蟹类种类组成和数量分布

根据2006年8月和2007年1月、4月、10月福建沿岸海域底拖网调查结果,对福建沿岸海域蟹类的种类组成、数量分布及时空变化做了定量分析.结果表明:在福建沿岸海域调查海区中蟹类有43种,隶属10科、21属,其中以梭子蟹科种类最多.蟹类优势种的时空分布差异明显,春季有2种优势种,夏季有3种,秋季有5种,冬季有2种;双斑全...     

春、夏季黄海南部和东海北部蟹类群落结构的空间分布特征

根据2008年春季(5月)和夏季(8月)东海区桁杆拖虾网调查资料,选取黄海南部和东海北部(30°30′-33°00′N,122°00′-127°00′E)为研究海区,运用聚类分析、非度量多维度标度(NMDS)以及典范对应分析(CCA)的方法分析了调查海域的蟹类群落的空间分布特征,并且探讨各个群落类型的特征种类以及蟹类群落分布与主要环境因子的关系。结果表明:调查海域蟹类可分为3种群落类型:近岸群落(群落Ⅰ)、混合群落(群落Ⅱ)和外海群落(群落Ⅲ)。近岸群落(群落Ⅰ)的特征种类为细点圆趾蟹、三疣梭子蟹、日本蟳等;混合群落(群落Ⅱ)的特征种类为细点圆趾蟹、双斑蟳、泥脚隆背蟹等;外海群落(群落Ⅲ)的特征种类为细点圆趾蟹、中华隆背蟹、长手隆背蟹等,某些种类在3个群落类型中均有分布,大多数蟹类均同时出现在3个不同类群当中。春、夏季中3个群落类型保持了相对的稳定,并保持了一定的持续性,但各个类型的分布区域有相互交错。典范对应分析(CCA)表明:水深为影响研究海域蟹类种类空间分布特征的最主要环境因子。     

试论江西种子植物区系热带性属的分布式样

初步分析了江西种子植物区系热带性属的地理分布式样及其区系特征，将本省热带性种子植物４６５属划归为６种地理分布式样和７种间断分布式样。本区系地理成分复杂，以泛热带和热带亚洲分布型属占优势，并与世界各个热带植物区系有着广泛的联系。本区系间断分布类型多样，残遗植物类群丰富，稀危种类颇多，这都与地史变迁、大陆漂移和人类活动等影响密切相关。本区系由南亚热带至中亚热带向北亚热带逐渐过渡，成为许多热带性属的分布北界。     

广东硇洲岛潮间带蟹类的组成及生态分布

经对硇洲岛潮间带蟹类进行调查，共获蟹类63种，分隶于11科、34属，其中硬相20种，软相43种。硇洲岛蟹类属于南海蟹类区系的成分，几乎完全是热带及亚热带性质。该文对其组成和生态分布进行了详细分析。     

浙江省水龙骨科植物地理分布及区系特征

介绍了浙江水龙骨科植物的地理分布及区系特征。浙西南的分布种类最多，热带性分布属的成分占优势，省内以附生型为主，其资源丰富，有不少种类为常用中药及民间广泛使用的草药。因此，合理开发利用这类野生植物资源是有潜力的。     

朱家尖岛滨海小流域湿地的蟹类

研究了朱家尖岛在海堤和水闸建成前,与海洋直接相连的滨海小流域小型湿地蟹类的种类与分布,为今后作进一步探讨湿地与海洋完全分隔后环境和生物多样性的变化提供基础.通过系统的采集,共采集到蟹类11种,分属3科8属,其中8种属于方蟹科,占总数的72.7%,1种属于沙蟹科,痕掌沙蟹遍布高潮区的沙滩.河道中,字纹弓蟹成为该地域内蟹类群落的优势种,而且蟹类分布与周围环境变化有关.水闸建成后,将会对字纹弓蟹等洄游性蟹类产生更大影响.     

浙江古田山种子植物区系的地理成分研究

古田山自然保护区位于浙江西部开化县境内 ,北纬 2 9°2 0′ ,东经 118°14′ ,主峰青尖高12 4 6 .0m。占地面积 830 8.6公顷。古田山地处中亚热带 ,气侯温暖湿润。该地区植物种类丰富 ,计有野生种子植物 136科 ,5 6 4属 ,1186种 (包括种以下分类单位 ) ;区系起源古老 ,地理成分复杂 ,分为 14个类型 ;热带和温带分布的属分别占 4 6 .4 7%和 5 1.5 7%,具较明显的南北过渡现象和较多的热带区系成分。区系成分中包含了中国特有成分 10属 ,国家重点保护野生植物 17种 ;发现浙江地理分布新记录 8种。     

河南省啮齿动物地理分布的研究

本文在作者重点布点调查的基础上，结合以往的资料，对河南省啮齿动物的地理分布进行了初步研究与论述，并否定了一些以往记载在河南省有分布的种类     

浙江沿海的双壳类

本文报道了浙江沿海双壳类软体动物152种,分隶于35科3目,其中42种为浙江沿海首次记录。对其区系组成分析结果表明:我国沿海广温广布种51种,分布于黄渤海,能进入东海北部的温带种15种,分布于东、南海的亚热带种49种,主要分布于南海的热带种36种;因纬度的不同,浙江南北沿海的双壳类分布具明显差异,随纬度降低,热带性种类增加;整个海区表现出亚热带性质。根据贝类栖息环境的不同,可分为:岩石生态相、沙质生态相、泥沙质生态相和泥质生态相等四种生态型。文中还例举了浙江的重要经济种类和养殖种类,并提出了开发利用意见。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-