A Distributed Routing and Wavelength Assignment Algorithm for Online Muiticast in All-Optical WDM Networks

Routing and wavelength assignment for online real-time multicast connection setup is a difficulttask due to the dynamic change of availabilities of wavelengths on links and the consideration of wave-length conversion delay in WDM networks. This paper presents a distributed routing and wavelength as-signment scheme for the setup of real-time multicast connections. It integrates routing and wavelength as-signment as a single process, which greatly reduces the connection setup time. The proposed routingmethod is based on the Prim's MST (Minimum Spanning Tree) algorithm and the K-restricted breadth-first search method, which can produce a sub-minimal cost tree under a given delay bound. The wave-length assignment uses the least-conversion and load balancing strategies. Simulation results show that theproposed algorithm is suitable for online multicast connection establishment in WDM networks.     

Dynamic routing and wavelength assignment algorithm of optical satellite networks based on cross-layer design

In order to overcome the adverse effects of Doppler wavelength shift on data transmission in the optical satellite networks, a dynamic routing and wavelength assignment algorithm based on cross-layer design ( CL-DRWA) is introduced which can improve robustness of the network.Above all, a cross-layer optimization model is designed, which considers transmission delay and wavelength-conti-nuity constraint, as well as Doppler wavelength shift.Then CL-DRWA is applied to solve this mod-el, resulting in finding an optimal light path satisfying the above constraints for every connection re-quest.In CL-DRWA, Bellman-Ford method is used to find an optimal route and a distributed rela-tive capacity loss method is implemented to get an optimal wavelength assignment result on the opti-mal route.Moreover, compared with the dynamic routing and wavelength assignment algorithm based on minimum delay strategy ( MD-DRWA) , CL-DRWA can make an improvement of 5.3%on the communication success probability.Meanwhile, CL-DRWA can meet the requirement of trans-mission delay for real-time services.     

WDM网络中基于改进蚁群算法的受限组播路由算法

针对波分复用(WDM)光网络中动态选路和波长分配(RWA)问题,提出了一种基于改进蚁群算法的分布式动态RWA方法.在蚂蚁选路的概率中加入成本因素,并且只增加优秀路径上的信息素,从而对现有蚁群算法进行了改进,加快了其收敛速度.作者将改进的蚁群优化算法与分层图相结合,提出了一种构造时延受限的最小代价组播树的并行算法.仿真结果表明,与现有最短路经相比,该算法有效降低光路阻塞率,促进波长资源的合理分配,同时分布式的计算方法也降低了现代频繁变化的大型光网络的通信开销.     

一种双种群进化集成QoS组播路由算法

设计了一种IP/DWDM光Internet中的非NP类QoS组播路由算法,采用树形编码方式,基于双种群进化,寻找一棵带宽、延迟、延迟抖动与出错率受限的费用优化组播路由树,集成解决路由与波长分配问题.仿真结果表明,该算法是可行和有效的,不仅能够满足QoS约束,而且性能优于基于经典遗传算法设计的QoS组播路由算法,克服了算法易早熟、收敛慢等缺点,有效地解决了IP/DWDM光Internet中的QoS组播路由问题.     

Dynamic Routing and Wavelength Assignment for Multi-Lightpath Demands

In wavelength division muhiplcxing (WDM) networks without wavelength conversion functionality, we convert the dynamic routing and wavelength assignment problem for multi-lightpath demands to the cdge-disjoint paths problem, and propose a new algorithm. The computer simulations show that the proposed algorithm has better blocking probability performance them a sequential algorithm, which first separates a multi-lightpath demand into mutilple single-lightpath demands, then uses the fixed alternate routing first fit wavelength assignment (AP- FF) algorithm for each single-light path demand.     

分层交换波分复用网络中的路由与波长分配

提出了一种运用于分层光交换波分复用(WDM)环中的静态路由与波长分配方法,对于任意给定的业务需求矩阵,在最小化波长数的条件下,最大化波段路径数,从而最小化光端口数目以降低网络构建成本.该方法在构造环算法的基础上,将波段优先函数引入路由与波长分配的计算,在路由与波长分配过程中同时解决波段合并问题.仿真结果表明,所提出方法能够有效减少网络所需的光端口数,从而降低网络建设成本.     

最少波长数算法实现波分复用的时域复杂度改进及对比研究

优化降低波长转换次数成为光纤传输当前的研究热点,为了进一步改进波分复用技术的传播速度,做了以下工作:提出了计算源节点与各目标节点之间的最短路,以获得所要的组播树;应用波长图的设计、MPH算法实现最小成本树,完成了这次改进算法的设计;理论上分析了最少波长数的实现、波长和路由分配,验证了算法的合理性。从建立的仿真模型结果表明:算法在计算最少波长转换次数、位置确定方面具有明显的优势;达到了WDM网络的成本降低,网速提高的目的。通过与传统的Dijkstra与Floyd算法对比设计的算法在时间复杂度、空间复杂度以及结合性方面有着一定提升。这一研究对于WDM网络传输的改进具有明显的意义。     

LEO卫星IP网络组播路由算法

为了解决低轨(low earth orbit,LEO)卫星网络中需要快速高效组播路由协议的问题,提出一种新型LEO卫星IP网络组播路由算法。在分析建立LEO卫星网络拓扑模型的基础上,该算法利用LEO卫星网络的自身特点,采用分布式迭代的计算模式,生成基于源端的组播路由树,大幅度地降低了算法的计算复杂度。仿真结果表明:与传统的LEO卫星网络组播路由算法相比,该算法具有较低的计算复杂度,生成的组播路由树具有较小的开销。相比于传统MRA算法,该算法生成的组播树中源点到组播成员节点的平均延时大约为前者的90%。     

LEO卫星IP网络组播路由算法

为了解决低轨(lowearthorbit,LEO)卫星网络中需要快速高效组播路由协议的问题,提出了一种新型LEO卫星IP网络组播路由算法。在分析建立LEO卫星网络拓扑模型的基础上,该算法利用了LEO卫星网络的自身特点,采用分布式迭代的计算模式,生成基于源端的组播路由树,大幅度地降低了算法的计算复杂度。仿真结果表明,和传统的LEO卫星网络组播路由算法相比,该算法具有较低的计算复杂度,生成的组播路由树具有较小的开销。相比于传统MRA算法,该算法生成的组播树中源点到组播成员节点的平均延时大约为前者的90%。     

一种IP/DWDM光因特网中的组播路由算法

研究了IP/DWDM光因特网的集成QoS(QualityofService)组播路由与波长分配算法·给定组播请求与用户QoS需求,提出的算法基于遗传算法GA来构造一棵柔性QoS组播树,并基于波长图方法对组播树进行波长分配,一体化考虑路由选择和波长分配问题,从而使QoS组播树费用和用户QoS满意度都趋近优化·该算法还考虑了IP/DWDM光因特网的负载均衡问题·仿真实验表明,算法是可行和有效的·     

Distributed multicast routing algorithm with dynamic performance in multimedia networks

The delay and DVBMT problem is known to be NP-complete. In this paper,an efficient distributed dynamic multicast routing algorithm was proposed to produce routing trees with delay and delay variation constraints. The proposed algorithm is fully distributed,and supports the dynamic reorganizing of the multicast tree in response to changes for the destination. Simulations demonstrate that our algorithm is better in terms of tree delay and routing success ratio as compared with other existing algorithms,and performs excellently in delay variation performance under lower time complexity,which ensures it to support the requirements of real-time multimedia communications more effectively.     

采用蚁群算法解决光网络中动态及 分布式RWA问题的方法

为了在大规模节点网络中提高路由与波长分配(RWA)算法的性能指标,解决集中式计算方式与网络资源实时变化之间的矛盾问题,提出了一种基于动态业务模型下的分布式蚁群算法. 该方法在波长连续的前提下,尝试利用蚂蚁找食的天然特性,由单只蚂蚁一次性的完成路由和波长分配任务,算法在两个具备不同规则的拓扑结构上进行了仿真. 通过算法分析和仿真结果表明,基于分布式的策略可以更好地完成光路的选择,可降低光网络中的呼叫阻塞率,有利于提高网络资源的利用率.     

基于遗传算法时延与时延差约束组播路由算法

现有组播路由协议提供尽力而为的服务而没有QoS(服务质量 )的支持 .一种启发式组播路由方案考虑了时延与时延差的约束条件 ,可以为应用提供实时性与同步性的支持 .提出了基于遗传算法的时延与时延差约束条件组播路由算法 ,在具有启发式组播算法性能的基础上兼顾组播的代价 ,同时力图减小算法运算复杂度     

Multiple constraints QoS multicast routing optimization algorithm in MANET based on GA

Usually multiple quality of service （QoS） guarantees are required in most multicast applications. This paper presents a multiple con-straints algorithm for multicast traffic engineering in mobile ad hoc networks （MANET）. The proposed algorithm is a new version of multiple constraints QoS multicast routing optimization algorithm in MANET based on genetic algorithm （MQMGA）. The proposed MQMGA can optimize the maximum link utilization, the cost of the multicast tree, the selection of the long-life path, the average delay and the maximum end-to-end delay. Experimental result shows that the approach is efficient, has promising performance in multicast traffic engineering and for evaluating the route stabilitv in dvnamic mobile networks.     

Multiple constraints QoS multicast routing optimization algorithm in MANET based on GA

Usually multiple quality of service (QoS) guarantees are required in most multicast applications. This paper presents a multiple constraints algorithm for multicast traffic engineering in mobile ad hoc networks (MANET). The proposed algorithm is a new version of multiple constraints QoS multicast routing optimization algorithm in MANET based on genetic algorithm (MQMGA). The proposed MQMGA can optimize the maximum link utilization, the cost of the multicast tree, the selection of the long-life path, the average delay and the maximum end-to-end delay. Experimental result shows that the approach is efficient, has promising performance in multicast traffic engineering and for evaluating the route stability in dynamic mobile networks.     

WDM光网络的动态路由等效算法与仿真

针对WDM光网络的特点,提出一种动态的路由和波长分配的等效算法,适用于各个节点不同且具有部分或全部波长转换能力的光网络。采用波长图技术和增加虚拟源节点和目的节点的方法,把WDM网络转化为等效的单波长网络,从而把路由和波长分配问题转化为等效的单波长网络的路由问题,大大简化了算法的程序。最后采用了最短径算法对WDM网络进行了路由选择和波长分配的仿真。     

一种分布式局部时延受限的多播路由算法

时延受限多播技术对网络中的实时业务非常重要。为保证受限多播树的服务质量，提出了一种利用局部信息的时延受限多播路由算法。算法要求源节点具有局部信息，即源节点到每个目的节点的时延最短路径信息。此外，其他节点要保存相邻节点和链路的信息。仿真实验结果表明，该算法要好于最短时延树的性能。     

基于Logistic回归模型和凝聚函数的多示例学习算法

实时多媒体网络中,带延迟与延迟抖动约束的斯坦利树问题是一个研究热点.这种带约束的斯坦利树被证明是NP-完全问题.提出了一种基于禁忌搜索的带延迟与延迟抖动约束最小代价组播路由算法.实验结果表明,该算法对于实际网络是有效的.这种方法使得IP组播把数据同时发送到组成员时有效地利用了网络资源.

Abstract：

The delay and delay variation-bounded Steiner tree problem is animportant multicast routing issue in real-time multimedia networks.Such a constrained Steiner tree problem is known to be NP-complete.A multicast routing algorithm is presented,which is based on tabu search to produce routing trees having a minimal network cost under delay and delay variation constraints.The approach makes IP multicast utilize resources efficiently in delivering data to a group of members simultaneously.     

一种满足多服务质量约束的动态组播路由算法

建立了网络模型，描述、简化了研究的问题，并提出了一种新的满足多服务质量(QoS)约束的动态组播路由算法(DMRMQ)．该算法采用Bellman—Ford算法作为路径搜索算法，能在满足带宽、延迟、延迟抖动和丢包率约束的前提下确定具有最小跳数和开销的动态组播路由．仿真实验表明，在假定网络节点输出链路容量相等的情况下，与Greedy、LeastHop两种不考虑QoS的算法相比，DMRMQ能在满足多QoS约束的前提下建立动态组播路由，且路由请求平均成功率提高约10％，路由平均延迟降低约20％，路由平均跳数基本持平．     

一种基于时延约束的光网络共享通路保护机制

针对实时业务在光网络上的低时延和生存性要求,提出了一种基于时延约束的光网络共享通路保护机制.考虑到低时延要求,该机制将节点的负载和波长转换情况作为处理时延的影响因素,将链路的长度作为传播时延的影响因素,为实时业务请求设计了工作路由算法,并基于波长转换对时延的影响设计了相应的波长分配方案以减少波长转换次数.在生存性方面,基于共享通路保护机制和低时延要求设计了保护路由算法及相应的波长分配方案.仿真表明,该机制是可行和有效的.