Distributed multicast routing algorithm with dynamic performance in multimedia networks

The delay and DVBMT problem is known to be NP-complete. In this paper,an efficient distributed dynamic multicast routing algorithm was proposed to produce routing trees with delay and delay variation constraints. The proposed algorithm is fully distributed,and supports the dynamic reorganizing of the multicast tree in response to changes for the destination. Simulations demonstrate that our algorithm is better in terms of tree delay and routing success ratio as compared with other existing algorithms,and performs excellently in delay variation performance under lower time complexity,which ensures it to support the requirements of real-time multimedia communications more effectively.     

Core Placement Algorithm for Multicast Routing with QoS Requirements

Differing from the source-oriented algorithms,the Core-Based Tree(CBT) multicast routing architecture establishes a single shared tree for multiple connections on a multicast group.Which results in higher ration of network resources utilization.In alluding to the problem of Core Placement,we propose a simple method(QOCP) to locate an optimal core node,which can minimize the multicast delay and inter-destination delay variation simultaneously.The simulation results show that our method is very effective,and outperforms the other algorithms studied in this paper.     

A mobile accessible closed multi-part group communication scheme in IPv6 network

To solve the problems of current IP multicast which includes poor inter-domain many-to-many group support, security vulnerabilities and dependency to specific multicast infrastructure, a mobile accessible closed multi-part group （MACMPG） communication protocol in IPv6 network is proposed. By extending the single source multicast protocol, the communication channel for multi-part group communication across domains is established. Based on lPv6 CGA, the secure closed group communication scheme is designed. The access to the multicast traffic only confined to the authorized senders and receivers and only trusted routers are allowed to be the branch points of MACMPG tree. By tunneling mechanism, the MACMPG traffic can be transmitted across non-MACMPG routing area, and the mobile nodes can join the group remotely and roam freely between domains, which eliminates the dependency on specific IP multicast routing.     

Multiple constraints QoS multicast routing optimization algorithm in MANET based on GA

Usually multiple quality of service （QoS） guarantees are required in most multicast applications. This paper presents a multiple con-straints algorithm for multicast traffic engineering in mobile ad hoc networks （MANET）. The proposed algorithm is a new version of multiple constraints QoS multicast routing optimization algorithm in MANET based on genetic algorithm （MQMGA）. The proposed MQMGA can optimize the maximum link utilization, the cost of the multicast tree, the selection of the long-life path, the average delay and the maximum end-to-end delay. Experimental result shows that the approach is efficient, has promising performance in multicast traffic engineering and for evaluating the route stabilitv in dvnamic mobile networks.     

Efficient Error Recovery Techniques in a Novel Multimedia Streaming Framework with Peer-Paired Collaboration

Research on application-level multicast seeks to combine the merits of unicast and IP multicast while avoiding their drawbacks. Efficient error recovery in such a system is still a difficult problem. Current research is primarily focused on developing local error recovery techniques, but these techniques would not work with shared losses, which often occur in application-level multicast. This paper presents a novel multimedia streaming framework called peer-paired pyramid streaming (P3S) which is basically a hybrid client/server and peer-to-peer structure. In P3S, clients are hierarchically organized with those at the same level coupled as peer pairs. P3S uses some controlled delay between packets that are vulnerable to shared losses to reduce the shared losses. The technique is verified by both theoretical and experimental results.     

A Dynamic Active Multicast Group Access Control Framework Based on Trust Management System

The current multicast model provides no access control mechanism. Any host can send data directly to a multicast address or join a multicast group to become a member, which brings safety problems to multicast. In this paper, we present a new active multicast group access control mechanism that is founded on trust management. This structure can solve the problem that exists in multicast members＇ access control and distributing authorization of traditional IP multicast.     

Cost of Multicast Logical Key Tree Based on Hierarchical Data Processing

How to design a multicast key management system with high performance is a hot issue now. This paper will apply the idea of hierarchical data processing to construct a common analytic model based on directed logical key tree and supply two important metrics to this problem： re-keying cost and key storage cost. The paper gives the basic theory to the hierarchical data processing and the analyzing model to multieast key management based on logical key tree. It has been proved that the 4-ray tree has the best performance in using these metrics. The key management problem is also investigated based on user probability model, and gives two evaluating parameters to re-keying and key storage cost.     

Fair Resource Allocation in Networks with Coexisting Unicast and Multirate Multicast Flows

To maximize the aggregate user utility in networks with both multirate multicast and unicast traffic, a unified convex program formulation of the problem is used to integrate multicast and unicast sessions into a common framework, which also takes into account the heterogeneity of multicast receivers. By applying a penalty function approach, a heuristic rate control algorithm is derived. In the distributed implementation of the algorithm in IP networks, core routers employ Random Early Detection (RED) to mark packets in the case of congestion; end-users analyze congestion feedback information and update their rates to calculated optimal values. With an appropriate choice of utility functions and parameters, multicast and unicast sessions can share network resources in the proportional fair manner. Simulation results prove the algorithm‘ s effectiveness. Study is also done on the effect of bandwidth discretization density upon resource allocation fairness in a layered multicast scenario.     

The Distributed Network Monitoring Model with BoundedDelay Constraints

We address the problem of optimizing a distributed monitoring system and the goal of the optimization is to reduce the cost of deployment of the monitoring infrastructure by identifying a minimum aggregating set subject to delay constraint on the aggregating path. We show that this problem is NP-hard and propose approximation algorithm proving the approximation ratio with In m 1, where is the number of monitoring nodes. At last we extend our modal with more constraint of bounded delay variation.     

Buffer and Wiresizing Optimization under the Distributed RLC Model with Crosstalk Constraint

In this paper, we study the interconnect buffer and wiresizing optimization problem under a distributed RLC model to optimize not just area and delay, but also crosstalk for RLC circuit with non-monotone signal response. We present a new multiobjective genetic algorithm（MOGA） which uses a single objective sorting（SOS） method for constructing the non-dominated set to solve this multi-objective interconnect optimization problem. The MOGA/SOS optimal algorithm provides a smooth trade-off among signal delay, wave form, and routing area. Furthermore, we use a new method to calculate the lower bound of crosstalk. Extensive experimental results show that our algorithm is scalable with problem size. Furthermore, compared to the solution based on an Elmore delay model, our solution reduces the total routing area by up to 30%, the delay to the critical sinks by up to 25%, while further improving crosstalk up to 25.73% on average.     

一种基于链路优化的时延约束组播路由算法

研究具有时延约束的最小代价组播路由问题，提出一种基于链路优化的组播路由算法求解该问题。算法从最小时延树开始，不断地用低代价链路代替树中高代价链路，以求得满足条件的组播树。仿真实验结果表明，该算法能根据组播应用对时延的要求，快速、有效地构造最优组播树，具有较低的时延。     

链路优化时延约束组播路由的遗传算法

针对网络的瓶颈路径易造成网络拥塞的现象,分析了链路负载不平衡的原因,重新给出链路代价定义,提出一种遗传算法求解该类组播路由问题.算法从链路代价权值转化开始,以满意的时延树为遗传算法的初始解集,然后在交叉操作过程中不断地用低链路代价的边代替树中高链路代价的边,以求得满足链路代价最优的组播树.仿真结果表明,该算法在考虑网络的负载均衡情况下,选择链路代价较低的空闲路径,快速、有效地构建满足时延要求,链路代价最小的组播树.     

基于最小生成树的时延约束多播路由算法

多播路由已有广泛的应用,但满足时延约束而代价最小的多播路由算法复杂性很高．提出一种快速有效的基于最小生成树满足端到端时延限制的多播路由算法SsTBMR．STBMR试图建立原图的满足时延约束的最小生成树,如果这样的最小生成树不存在,则用已找到的树与时延最小路径一起组成满足时延约束的多播树此算法简单易实现,时间复杂度为O(n2),与Kpp算法的时间复杂度O(△n3)相比,具有更大的应用价值．当然,这是以多播树的费用增大为代价的．实验模拟表明STBMR算法构造的多播树费用比KPP算法构造的约大4%,但STBMR算法执行所耗CPU时间比KPP算法约少54％．     

最短路算法(dijstra算法)的研究

Dijstra标号算法是求从一点到网络其它各点之间最短路的重要算法,而最小生成树是求网络各点之间相互连接的整体代价最小的算法,两者之间算法过程以及思路都不同。然而,本文对这两个算法进行研究,发现这两种算法的本质是一致的。接着对算法进行推广,一种综合算法,并应用到组播路径构造上,经对许多事例分析,发现该算法不仅很好地解决了无约束组播和有时延约束组播的近似最优解的问题,同时对部分有时延和时延抖动组合约束问题也能进行快速求解,且复杂度不超过O(kmn2)。     

启发式进货规划求解Steiner树问题

求解Steiner树对通信网络点对多点路由优化问题有重要意义,已被证明是NP－complete的。通过把图形简化技术、进货规划方法和KMB启发式上结合,提出了一种求解Steiner树问题的新方法,提高了算法的效率,仿真结果表明,本算法是有效的,性能优于传统的启发式算法。     

一种满足多服务质量约束的动态组播路由算法

建立了网络模型，描述、简化了研究的问题，并提出了一种新的满足多服务质量(QoS)约束的动态组播路由算法(DMRMQ)．该算法采用Bellman—Ford算法作为路径搜索算法，能在满足带宽、延迟、延迟抖动和丢包率约束的前提下确定具有最小跳数和开销的动态组播路由．仿真实验表明，在假定网络节点输出链路容量相等的情况下，与Greedy、LeastHop两种不考虑QoS的算法相比，DMRMQ能在满足多QoS约束的前提下建立动态组播路由，且路由请求平均成功率提高约10％，路由平均延迟降低约20％，路由平均跳数基本持平．     

通信网络中QOS多播路由技术研究

给出了多约束QoS组播路由的问题模型,分析论述了多约束QoS组播路由优化的约束树算法和遗传算法、蚁群算法、免疫算法等智能化算法,对QoS约束的多播路由技术的进一步研究进行了展望。     

用一种改进遗传算法求解带时延约束的组播路由问题

提出一种改进的遗传算法,用以求解带时延约束的组播路由问题.该算法综合考虑了路由费用和路由时延,并给出了一种适应度评价函数,在算法中采用了最佳个体保留、自适应交叉以及非线性排序选择等多种优化机制.仿真结果表明,该算法是可行的,有效的.