北魏山东佛教造像考

以山东佛教造像题记为切入点,结合出土造像的形象特征,并参照周边地区乃至中国北方佛教造像题材的发展演变情况,对北魏时期山东佛教造像题材进行了探索．用类型学的方法,研究山东地区北魏佛教造像变化的轨迹,讨论其造型风格来源、流变,结合当时当地佛教传播、社会背景和地域文化特点,寻找造像背后的诸多信息．     

新疆于阗早期佛教造像特征

公元前1世纪左右,佛教及佛教艺术经丝绸之路传播至古称西域的新疆,古于阗因是新疆境内距印度较近,也是最早信奉佛教的区域,沿袭印度佛教造像艺术的同时也结合本土文化艺术的特色,从佛像、菩萨及天人等各式佛教造像的体貌特征到佛衣样式,在漫长的流转、演变中最终形成了独具一格的于阗佛教造像艺术,并伴随着佛教及佛教艺术的传播,对中国中原地域的佛教及佛教艺术的发展,产生了深远的影响。     

北朝时期的佛教造像及其思想内涵

南北朝是佛教广泛传播和迅速发展的时期。在这一时期,出现了很多石窟寺、造像碑和佛教造像等。作为特定历史阶段的产物,这些石刻艺术品在一定程度上反映出当时的社会风貌。     

碑与像的分离:青州北朝佛教造像碑特征浅析

佛教造像碑是我国特有的一种艺术形式,南北朝时期在中国北方曾盛极一时,但之后就迅速衰落。青州作为这一艺术形式向东传播的最后一站,是造像碑发展演变的重要组成部分。青州佛教造像碑呈现出碑与像相分离的特征,和关中、河洛地区相比,首先,青州佛教造像碑在碑阳构图上从先前重龛像装饰转为直接对主尊佛像的装饰;其次,重视对主佛背光纹饰的刻画,以繁缛的背光装饰烘托佛像的神性。     

大足宝顶石刻的宋诗

大足宝顶石刻铭文中有不少宋代诗歌,其中大多数是不见于传世文献的佚诗;多数为佛教类,也有世俗之作。宝顶的宋诗可以给《全宋诗》正编的修订和续编的编纂提供资料。有的存诗也提供了当时宋诗传播和接受的第一手资料,具有校勘、文献、文学等方面的重要意义,弥足珍贵。     

阿嵯耶观音造像研究现状与展望

阿嵯耶观音是南诏大理国时期非常独特的一类佛教造像,其研究存在起步晚,过分倚重于一些期刊、图书、图片等文献及有限的实物资料,轻视基础资料的全面收集和整理,研究方法过于单一且缺乏创新与突破的问题。运用考古学、民族学、美术史学、文献史学相结合的研究方法,协同各学科领域的专家学者,展开跨学科、跨区域的宏观性、整合性研究,不仅是解决该项研究所面临的问题,走出困境并有所突破的有效途径,亦是对南诏大理历史文化研究在理念、方法上的思考与创新。     

晋商大院石狮造型的设计理念初探

晋商大院的石狮形象丰富而有地方特色，体现了独特的设计理念：图腾观念与心像经验，佛教造像手法的影响，封建等级、权势的形象化，晋中民俗民风的折射以及宅院主人的审美情趣等。     

论佛教造像艺术中的“尚圆”美学

在佛教的发展过程中,基于宗教思想传播的需要,出现了＂以像施教＂的方式,形成了以佛陀为中心的丰富的佛教造像艺术。文章以佛陀造型的圆形形式为研究对象,运用文化分析的方法,揭示了在圆形中蕴涵的佛教观念,探究这种观念形成的文化原因,表明对圆形的崇尚是佛教造像艺术的美学理想的观点。     

从南阳汉画看本土文化的传承

南阳汉画像石(南阳汉画)是中华远古本土文化的形象载体,也是汉代社会生活的曲折反映。它是佛教全面影响中国之前的比较纯净的中国本土文化的集中展现。南阳汉画像石根植本土,上承浪漫、强悍的楚秦文化;下启魏晋佛教造像艺术。在特殊的历史时期对本土文化的总结保护和传承发展起到了独特作用,这对当前我国所进行的"文化遗产保护"工作,具有以史为鉴的借鉴作用。     

泰山北齐造像碑记与敦煌“白衣佛”问题新证

敦煌莫高窟有五铺主佛身着白色衣衫的说法图壁画,为北魏和西魏时期所绘。关于其身份的研究成果斐然,但多数都是从宗教史或佛教典籍的角度进行揣测。泰山地区发现的一通北齐佛教造像碑底座恰有"白衣大像"题名,成为研究敦煌北朝"白衣佛"问题的新证据。这一发现证明,白色与弥勒的关系在佛教经典和艺术现实中如此密切,"白衣佛"正是弥勒无疑。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to