半互穿网络法制备有机/无机杂化阴离子交换膜

以1,2-双(三乙氧基硅基)乙烷杂化改性的聚乙烯醇(PVA)为聚合物基底,以溴化聚乙烯亚胺(BPEI)为阳离子聚电解质,采用半互穿网络法制备新型阴离子交换膜.对含水率、离子交换容量及膜的形态进行了考察,并测试了膜的电导率及甲醇渗透率以研究其在直接甲醇燃料电池中的应用.测试结果表明,BPEI质量分数在40％时,PVA与BPEI互容性较好,无明显相分离现象产生.BPEI质量分数为20％的阴离子交换膜具有较好的综合性能,其在30℃下的电导率和甲醇渗透率分别为1.32×10-2 S/cm和7.88×10-7 cm-2·s-1.     

间苯二甲酰胺Gemini表面活性剂的合成及性能

采用3-二甲氨基丙胺和间苯二甲酰氯为原料,合成二(3-二甲氨基丙基)间苯二甲酰胺,再分别与溴代正十二烷、溴代正十四烷和溴代正十六烷反应制得3种含酰胺键的Gemini阳离子表面活性剂(C12-N-C12、C14-N-C14、C16-N-C16).采用IR、1 H-NMR、元素分析表征了其结构.测定其临界胶束浓度(CMC)分别为5.96×10-4、1.03×10-4、6.25×10-5 mol·L-1;表面张力(γCMC)分别为40.83、38.76、38.08 mN·m-1;Krafft点分别为0、0、12℃,并研究了其乳化性、泡沫性质.     

化工设备氨检漏法的研究

以溴苯酚为显示剂,对氨在不同压力、不同浓度下通过漏孔(漏率为3.3×10~(-6)、6.7×10~(-7)和2.7×10~(-8)Pa·m~3/s)后的成斑速率的实验,发现显色区斑点直径与反应时间、试验压力、氨气浓度和泄漏量呈指数关系,得到了计算漏率的公式:Q=3.74×10~(-7)C~(-0.36)t~(0.4)p~(-0.52)d~(0.79),式中:Q—泄漏率,Pa·m~3/s;C—氨气浓度。%;t—反应时间,min;P—试验压力,MPa;d—显色区斑点直径,mm。按此推算,当采用0.6MPa的纯氨,经10小时可检漏孔的漏率为1.06×10~(-8)Pa·m~3/s。     

一种星形水溶性聚合物的合成

以羟基功能化的聚酯为引发剂,引发对二氧环己酮的开环聚合制备以聚酯为核、聚对二氧环己酮为臂的星形聚合物.星形聚合物经溴化后,引发聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯的原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)合成以聚对二氧环己酮-b-聚甲基丙烯酸聚乙二醇酯为臂的星形聚合物,并经红外测试表明聚合物已成功合成.这种星形聚合物含有聚对二氧环己酮和聚甲基丙烯酸聚乙二醇酯,是一种水溶性聚合物.     

羰基化合物与二卤海因的α-卤代反应

报道了脂肪(环)酮与1,3-二溴-5,5-二甲基海因(DBDMH)在甲醇中、室温下进行的α-溴代反应,并在此基础上,进一步报道了以脂肪(环)酮、β-酮酯和丙二酸酯为底物,使用1,3-二氯-5,5-二甲基海因(DCDMH)和对甲苯磺酸在乙腈中、室温下进行的α-氯代反应.其中β-酮酯和丙二酸酯以87%~96%的高收率得到α-单氯代反应产物.     

基于超支化聚醚的固体聚合物电解质性能研究

合成一种新型超支化聚醚类固体聚合物电解质. 通过交流阻抗技术测试分析了电解质的离子导电性能,结果表明:温度、锂盐添加量均对离子电导率有较大影响,当锂盐质量分数为30%时,电导率最高(80 ℃时5.45×10-4 S/cm;室温1.2×10-5 S/cm).     

溶剂酯化法制备甲基丙烯酸聚乙二醇单甲醚-750酯

通过溶剂酯化法制备了用于合成聚羧酸系高效混凝土减水剂的大分子单体甲基丙烯酸聚乙二醇单甲醚-750酯(MAAPEGME-750),讨论了酸醇物质的量比、催化剂量、阻聚剂量、反应时间及携水剂甲苯用量对聚乙二醇单甲醚酯化率的影响.结果表明,当酸醇比为1.8,催化剂量为聚乙二醇单甲醚质量的5%,阻聚剂用量为甲基丙烯酸质量的4%,反应时间为8 h,携水剂甲苯用量为聚乙二醇单甲醚质量的120%时反应酯化率最高.     

聚苯胺合成的热动力学及其在电解电容器中的应用

用热动力学方法测量聚苯胺(PANI)合成过程的动力学参数,证明其反应第二阶段为一级反应.在20.0℃,以十二烷基苯磺酸(DBSA)为掺杂剂和乳化剂,反应速率常数为1.18×10-3 s-1,该反应的活化能为56.52kJ/mol.以四探针仪测得PANI粉末的电导率为6.51×10-5 S/cm,经二次掺杂后测得其薄膜电导率为2.26S/cm.以PANI制成的固体铝电解电容器其电容量可达到3.243 1μF,最高使用温度可达到100℃,具有较好的稳定性和频率性能.     

两亲性嵌段共聚物MPEG-b-PS的合成与表征

以单分散的甲氧基聚乙二醇和α-溴代异丁酰溴为原料,通过酰溴化反应制备了大分子引发剂MPEG-Br,并以此为引发剂,CuCl/2,2’-联吡啶为催化体系,采用原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)方法制得了分子量可控且分子量分布窄的两亲性嵌段共聚物,通过1H-NMR、FT-IR、GPC等测试手段对其结构进行了表征,同时对其反应活性进行了确认.     

早强型聚羧酸系高分子减水剂的合成与应用

以聚乙二醇单甲醚衣康酸酯、聚乙二醇单甲醚甲基丙烯酸酯、N-[4-(磺酰胺)苯基]丙烯酰胺为聚合单体,采用大单体直接共聚法,合成早强型聚羧酸系高分子减水剂.对单体摩尔分数、引发剂用量、反应温度等反应条件进行系统考察,得到最佳合成工艺参数:聚乙二醇单甲醚衣康酸酯、聚乙二醇单甲醚甲基丙烯酸酯、N-[4-(磺酰胺)苯基]丙烯酰胺的摩尔分数分别为35%,35%,30%,引发剂用量为3%(占单体总量),反应温度80℃,反应时间5 h.与传统聚羧酸系高分子减水剂进行对比的实验结果显示,所合成的早强型聚羧酸系高分子减水剂在减水率及抗压强度等方面都有更好的效果.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.