X射线双晶衍射研究LP—MOVPE生长的InGaAs／GaAs应变超晶格

用金属有机气相外延生长了一系列具有不同应变、不同周期以及不同缓冲层的ＩｎＧａＡｓ应变超晶格。用Ｘ射线双晶衍射方法得到了样品的摇摆曲线。结合计算机模拟得到了样品的应变、组分等结构参数。对不同缓冲层的超晶格结构也进行了分析。     

应变超晶格(InxGa1-xAs)n/(GaAs)n(001)的电子结构和光学性质

用半经验的紧束缚方法ｓｐ３ｓ＊计算了薄层应变超晶格（ＩｎｘＧａ１－ｘＡｓ）ｎ／（ＧａＡｓ）ｎ（００１）的电子结构．给出了组份Ｘ为０．５３的超晶格（ＩｎｘＧａ１－ｘＡｓ）ｎ／（ＧａＡｓ）ｎ的带隙值随层厚ｎ的变化关系,以及超晶格（ＩｎｘＧａ１－ｘＡｓ）１２／（ＧａＡｓ）１２的带隙值随组份Ｘ的变化关系．在得到超晶格能量本征值和本征函数的基础上,计算了该超晶格系统的光学介电函数虚部,并与体材料ＧａＡｓ和体合金ＩｎｘＧａ１－ｘＡｓ的光学性质作了比较．计算结果表明,应变超晶格在较宽的能量范围有较好的光谱响应．     

应变超晶格（InxGa1—xAs）n／（GaAs）n（001）的电子结构和光？…

用半经验的紧束缚方法ｓｐ＾３ｓ＾＊计算了薄层应变超晶格（ＩｎｘＧａ１－ｘＡｓ）ｎ／（ＧａＡｓ）ｎ（００１）的电子结构。给出了组份Ｘ为０．５３的超晶格（ＩｎｘＧａ１－ｘＡｓ）ｎ／（ＧａＡｓ）ｎ的带隙值随层厚ｎ的变化关系,以及超晶格（ＩｎｘＧａ１－ｘＡｓ）１２／（ＧａＡｓ）１２的带隙值随组份Ｘ的变化关系。在得到超昌格能量本征值和本征函数的基础上,计算了该晶格系统的光学介电函数虚部,并与体材料ＧａＡｓ和     

第二类InAs／GaSb（001）半导体超晶格能带边结构的赝势计算

采用一种新的赝势方法计算了第二类ＩｎＡｓ／ＧａＳｂ超晶格能带边结构随着ＩｎＡｓ和ＧａＳｂ层厚变化的规律．计算结果显示，随着ＩｎＡｓ和ＧａＳｂ层厚的变化，超晶格中杂质将经历不同的深—浅杂质转变过程．同时，我们还得到超晶格发生半导体—半金属转变的区域     

不同应变状态下超晶格InAs／GaAs的电子结构

采用内部求和空ｄ轨道处理下的线性丸盒轨道方法，对以ＩｎＡｓ为衬底和以ＧａＡｓ为衬底以及ＩｎＡｓ层和ＧａＡｓ层自由形变三种不同的应变状态下的超晶格（ＩｎＡｓ）ｎ／（ＧａＡｓ）ｎ（００ｌ），（ｎ＝１，２，３，４，５）的电子结构进行了全面的第一性原理计算，得出了其能带结构、带隙值及态密度分布，考察了各能隙随层厚的变化规律以及带隙的应变效应，所得结果与光致发光实验数据以及从头计算赝势方法对以ＧａＡｓ为衬底的单层超晶格（ＩｎＡ）１／（ＧａＡｓ）１的计算结果相一致．     

GaAs／Ge_xSi_（1－x）系统的电子能带结构

采用紧束缚方法计算了生长在ＧｅｘＳｉ１－ｘ合金（００１）面上的应变ＧａＡｓ层以及生长在Ｓｉ（００１）面上的应变超晶格（Ｓｉ２）４／（ＧａＡｓ）４的电子能带结构。讨论了应变对电子能带结构的影响．     

GaAs／GexSi1—x系统的电子能带结构

采用紧束缚方法计算生长在ＧｅｘＳｉ１－ｘ合金面上的应变ＧａＡｓ层以及生长在Ｓｉ（００１）面上的应变超晶格（Ｓｊ２）４／（ＧａＡｓ）的电子能带结构。讨论了应变对电子能带结构的影响。     

InAs／GaAs应变异质界面能带排列的极端应变效应

建议用一种基于超晶格自洽超原胞计算的形变势方法来确定ＩｎＡｓ／ＧａＡｓ应变异质界面的能带排列情况。该方法全面考虑了界面电荷、弹性应变以及自旋－轨道耦合等因素对能带排列的影响。结果表明，ＩｎＡｓ／ＧａＡｓ异质界面的能带排列具有极端显著的应变效应，通过人工控制其平面内晶格常数（可由选择不同的衬底来实现），可使其成为Ⅰ型，Ⅱ型超晶格或金属。此应变效应主要来源于单轴应力及其与自旋－轨道分裂的耦合，而流体静压和界面电荷的作用则相对很小．本文对以ＧａＡｓ为衬底情况下的计算结果与Ｘ射线光发射实验数据相一致。     

原子集团展开和平均键能方法在In_xGa_（1－x）As／GaAs系统中的应用

把原子集团展开方法同平均键能方法相结合，建立了一种研究合金型应变层异质界面价带偏移的方法．应用此方法对ＩｎｘＧａ１－ｘＡｓ／ＧａＡｓ系统分别计算了以ＧａＡｓ和以ＩｎｘＧａ１－ｘＡｓ为衬底的两种不同的应变状态下的价带偏移（△Ｅｖ）随合金组份的变化规律．结果表明，由于应变的引入，该系统的面△Ｅｖ～Ｘ表现出大的非线性，且这一关系受到应变状态的显著影响．通过改变应变状态可使其为Ⅰ型或Ⅱ型超晶格以及金属．部分结果与有关的实验值和理论结果相符合．     

LP－MOVPE生长InGaAs应变超晶格

本文探讨了ＬＰ－ＭＯＶＰＥ法在ＧａＡｓ和ＩｎＰ衬底上生长２１个周期的ＩｎＧａＡｓ／ＧａＡｓ和２０个周期的ＩｎＧａＡｓ／ＩｎＰ两种应变超晶格的条件，并用Ｘ射线衍射分析了这两种应变超晶格，分析观察到三级卫星峰和六级卫星峰。     

杉木林土壤对模拟酸雨缓冲性能的研究

对芜湖市四褐山杉木林土壤进行室内模拟酸性降雨,研究该土壤对酸雨的缓冲性能。结果表明：土壤经酸雨处理后,在１～７天内有酸化的趋势,７～１４天时具有明显的缓冲作用,１４天后基本上又恢复到原来的ｐＨ值状态;土译不同浓度酸雨的缓冲能力随酸性的降低而增加;不同土层之间的缓冲性能呈现一定的规律。     

不同缓冲层对Ni_(81)Fe_(19)薄膜性能影响和微结构分析

采用磁控溅射方法制备分别以Ta和NiFeCr为缓冲层的Ta(NiFeCr)/NiFe/Ta薄膜材料.对于相同厚度的NiFe薄膜,与传统材料Ta相比,用NiFeCr作缓冲层薄膜的各向异性磁电阻有显著的提高.X射线衍射结果表明,与Ta缓冲层相比NiFeCr缓冲层可以诱导更强的NiFe(111)织构.高分辨透射电子显微镜结果表明,NiFeCr缓冲层和NiFe层的晶格匹配非常好,NiFe沿着NiFeCr外延生长,以NiFeCr为缓冲层的NiFe薄膜具有良好的晶体结构.对薄膜进行热处理,以NiFeCr缓冲层为缓冲薄膜的各向异性磁电阻值在350℃以下基本保持不变,当退火温度超过350℃后,其值会明显下降.以NiFeCr缓冲层的薄膜在350℃以下退火具有良好的热稳定性.     

缓冲层对AZO薄膜的性能影响

采用射频磁控溅射法分别在ZnO缓冲层和Al2O3缓冲层上制备Al掺杂ZnO(AZO)薄膜,利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、紫外-可见分光光度计、霍尔测试仪等仪器对薄膜的光电特性进行表征.XRD分析结果表明,加入缓冲层的薄膜具有更好的c轴择优取向,薄膜的表面平整,结晶质量有所改善,薄膜在可见光范围内的平均透过率超过80%.引入ZnO缓冲层制备的AZO薄膜的最低电阻率为5.8×10-4 Ω·cm,导电性能得到明显提高.     

Effect of Cu surface segregation on the exchange coupling field of NiFe/FeMn bilayers

The NiFe/FeMn bilayers with different buffer layers (Ta or Ta/Cu) were prepared by magnetron sputtering. Results show that the exchange coupling field of NiFe/FeMn films with Ta buffer is higher than that of the films with Ta/ Cu buffer. We analysed the reasons by investigating the crystallographic texture, surface roughness and surface segregation of both films, respectively. We found that the decrease of the exchange coupling fields of NiFe/FeMn films with Ta/ Cu buffer layers was mainly caused by the Cu surface segregation on NiFe surface.     

A Review of Coated Conductor Development

The developments of coated conductor technology have been reviewed. It is shown that the critical current density of high-Tc wires can be greatly enhanced by using three-fold approaches: grain alignment, grain boundary doping, and optimization of the grain architecture. Major advances have been made in the last 16 years mainly in three aspects: substrates, buffer layers and the YBCO layer. Cost is still the main concern for scale up, especially for the approach through vapor depositions, such as the PLD method. TFA-MOD or other CSD methods may be the trend to overcome cost and speed consideration during the scale up. However, high reliability and reproducibility will be the new focus for these techniques. Ni-alloy tapes seem to have advantages over pure Ni in terms of mechanical strength and oxidation resistance. Depositing a pure Ni layer on top of Ni-based alloys (such as Ni-Cr and Ni-W alloys) solves the problem of low strength of Ni and poor texture of Ni alloys. The RABiTS and IBAD are the two robust approaches for the texture generation. But the buffer materials and architectures being investigated remain unclear, though CeO2/YSZ/CeO2 and MgO arecommonly used buffer layers for RABiTS and IBAD respectively. For the case where a buffer layer is unavoidable, a non-vacuum process would be suitable for low cost and scale up. However, none of the buffer layer fabrication processes through CSD has been demonstrated results good enough for long length coated conductor applications. While, a high Jc superconducting layer can be produced by TFA-MOD, which brings a bright future for coated conductors. Clearly, there are still many scientific and technological barriers to be overcome before any long length of high Jc coated conductor be produced commercially. But theoretical analyses and technological progress show the potential for the practical application of coated conductor wires in the near future.     

缓冲层对NiCo薄膜各向异性磁致电阻的影响

用磁控溅射法制备了以NiFeCr和Ta分别为缓冲层的两种NiCo薄膜样品,在不同温度下对两种样品退火.结果表明:在NiCo厚度相同的情况下,以NiFeCr作为缓冲层的样品的各向异性磁致电阻(AMR)值明显高于Ta作为缓冲层的样品.X射线衍射(XRD)的结果表明,NiFeCr/NiCo薄膜的晶粒平均尺寸大于Ta/NiCo薄膜,且两种样品的磁膜/缓冲层界面存在较大差异,这可能是造成两者AMR差异的原因.此外,对样品进行温度适当的热处理可以明显改善薄膜的物理性质.     

全化学溶液法制备SrTiO3缓冲层

 化学法制备SrTiO₃薄膜成本低、效率高,适合用于YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ（YBCO）涂层导体的缓冲层。采用全化学溶液沉积法在Ni-5W金属基带上外延生长了SrTiO₃（STO）缓冲层薄膜。以乙酸盐、钛酸丁酯为原料配制均匀稳定的STO种子层、La_xSr_1-xTiO₃种子层和STO 缓冲层前驱溶液。研究了STO 种子层薄膜厚度对在STO/Ni-5W（200）上沉积STO 外延薄膜性能的影响,结果表明,在880℃烧结温度下制备的3 层STO 种子层上可以制备出表面光滑平整、具有（200）择优取向的STO 缓冲层。尝试将La 元素掺入STO 中制得稳定的LSTO 前驱液,在LSTO/Ni-5W 结构上制备了具有（200）择优取向的STO 缓冲层薄膜,可作为YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ涂层导体的缓冲层。     

The properties of CdTe solar cells with ZnTe/ZnTe： Cu buffer layers

CdS/CdTe solar cells with ZnTe/ZnTe:Cu buffer layers were fabricated and studied. The energy band structure of it was analyzed. The C-V, I-V characteristics and the spectral response show that the ZnTe/ZnTe:Cu buffer layers improve the back contact characteristic properties, the diode characteristics of the forward junction and the short-wave spectral response of the CdTe solar cells. The ZnTe/ZnTe:Cu buffer layers affect the solar cell conversion efficiency and its fill factor.     

MOD法在不同种子层上制备La_(0.4)Sr_(0.6)TiO_3缓冲层的研究

采用金属有机沉积法(MOD)在双轴织构的Ni-5%W基带上制备了La0.4Sr0.6TiO3,LaTiO3和SrTiO3三种种子层,然后再在种子层上沉积La0.4Sr0.6TiO3薄膜.SEM图像显示种子层颗粒分布均匀,大小基本一致.通过XRD和SEM研究了不同种子层对La0.4Sr0.6TiO3薄膜取向和表面形貌的影响.结果显示,在LaTiO3种子层上Ar-4%H2气氛下950℃制备的薄膜取向良好,表面光滑致密,无裂纹和孔洞出现.     

HV/CVD Grown Relaxed SiGe Buffer Layers for SiGe HMOSFETs

High-vacuum/chemical-vapor deposition (HV/CVD) system was used to grow relaxed SiGe buffer layers on Si substrates. Several methods were then used to analyze the quality of the SiGe films. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy showed that the upper layer was almost fully relaxed. Second ion mass spectroscopy showed that the Ge compositions were step-graded. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the misfit dislocations were restrained to the graded SiGe layers. Tests of the electrical properties of tensile-strained Si on relaxed SiGe buffer layers showed that their transconductances were higher than that of Si devices. These results verify the high quality of the relaxed SiGe buffer layer. The calculated critical layer thicknesses of the graded Si1-xGex layer on Si substrate and a Si layer on the relaxed SiGe buffer layer agree well with experimental results.