改性锯末对含Cr(Ⅵ)废水的吸附性能研究

以氢氧化钾溶液浸泡制备改性锯末作为含Cr(Ⅵ)废水的吸附剂,用傅里叶红外光谱仪对改性前后锯末的化学性能进行分析.探讨了吸附剂投加量、Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度、溶液初始pH值、吸附温度、吸附时间等因素对吸附效果的影响.实验证明:吸附剂对低浓度的含Cr(Ⅵ)废水的吸附效果较佳,在实验中溶液pH值对吸附效果的影响较大;吸附处理Cr(Ⅵ)的最佳条件为:吸附剂的投加量24g/L、Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度25mg/L、溶液初始pH值为2,吸附温度50℃、吸附时间为2h,吸附率可达到98.73%;改性锯末对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型(R~2=0.9981);吸附过程可用Freundlich吸附等温线来描述;通过再生实验表明,改性锯末可进行解析再生.     

有机改性凹凸棒石吸附活性艳蓝KN-R的热力学研究

利用静态吸附实验方法,研究了有机改性凹凸棒石吸附活性艳蓝KN-R的热力学性质.在实验范围内,有机改性凹凸棒石对水中活性艳蓝KN-R的吸附平衡数据符合Freund lich吸附等温方程.研究结果表明:吸附焓变为正值,表明该吸附过程是吸热的,升高温度有利于吸附.吸附自由能为负值,表明该过程是常温下可以自发进行的.     

氨基磺酸铵-细菌纤维素对Pb~(2+)的吸附性能及机理

为了提高细菌纤维素(BC)对重金属离子的吸附性能,以细菌纤维素为原料通过化学修饰的方法对其进行改性,制备了新型的重金属离子吸附剂氨基磺酸铵-细菌纤维素(ASBC).同时将制得的ASBC用于吸附重金属Pb2+,考察了其对Pb2+吸附性能,并对吸附机理进行了初步研究.结果表明:pH值是影响氨基磺酸铵-细菌纤维素对Pb2+吸附效果的重要参数,对Pb2+的吸附符合二级反应动力学特征和Langmuir吸附等温方程,并具有良好的线性,说明ASBC对Pb2+是典型的单分子层吸附;静电吸引和螯合作用是吸附的主要机理之一.     

酸法改性煤渣吸附Cr（Ⅵ）的性能研究

摘要：利用盐酸对蜂窝煤渣进行改性,通过粉末X射线衍射光谱（XRD）对改性前后蜂窝煤渣的物质组成进行表征,研究了改性蜂窝煤渣对模拟含铬废水中Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附性能．改性蜂窝煤渣对Cr（Ⅵ）具有良好的吸附能力,吸附过程符合二级吸附动力学模型．分别用Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温线模型对实验数据进行拟合,结果表明,吸附过程更符合Freundlich模型,20℃、30℃、40℃下的1／n值分别为0．397、0．2992和0．1925．吸附热力学研究表明,改性蜂窝煤渣对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附是一个自发的吸热过程．     

改性花生壳对重金属Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能研究

为了解决处理含铬等重金属废水时成本高和效率低等问题,采用吸附法去除Cr(Ⅵ),筛选廉价且吸附性能较好的吸附剂成为研究中的热点问题.而纤维素类农作物废弃物是廉价吸附剂的重要来源,文中选用花生壳为吸附剂原料,采用盐酸对其表面进行酸化改性.考察了pH值、温度、Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度、改性花生壳投加量和吸附时间对铬离子吸附效果的影响.结果表明,最佳吸附条件为pH=l,温度为50℃,铬离子浓度为50 mg/L,吸附剂投加量为10 g/L,吸附时间为140 min.通过考察反应动力学过程,发现改性花生壳吸附符合准二级反应动力学方程,Freundlich等温吸附模型也能较好地描述改性花生壳对铬离子溶液的等温吸附过程.经过分析研究和实验验证,改性花生壳对吸附废水中的Cr(Ⅵ)是可行有效的.     

壳聚糖和乙二胺改性Fe_3O_4磁性纳米粒子的制备及其对酸性品红的吸附特性

采用SiO_2包覆Fe_3O_4磁性纳米粒子,然后以戊二醛为交联剂使其与壳聚糖交联固化,得到了磁性壳聚糖复合纳米粒子(CMS),再经乙二胺改性制得乙二胺改性的磁性壳聚糖复合纳米粒子吸附剂(EDCMS),并将其用于对酸性品红溶液的吸附研究.考察了pH、吸附剂用量、吸附时间、初始浓度对吸附行为的影响.结果表明,吸附剂对酸性品红脱色率达98.04%以上,最大吸附量为284mg·g~(-1),吸附过程符合准二级速率方程和Freundlich等温模型.     

污泥吸附剂对Cu(Ⅱ)和Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附动力学研究

以剩余污泥为原料,以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为活化剂制取改性吸附剂,通过恒温水浴振荡静态吸附实验研究了改性吸附剂对含Cu(Ⅱ)和Cr(VI)废水的吸附性能.借助比表面积测定仪、红外光谱仪和扫描电镜仪对改性前后的污泥进行了表征.比较了污泥改性前后的吸附效果、考察了溶液初始pH、溶液初始浓度、吸附平衡时间、温度等因素对吸附效率的影响,同时,研究了改性污泥吸附剂对Cu(Ⅱ)和Cr(VI)的吸附动力学行为.结果表明,改性污泥吸附剂表面及孔洞均变得疏松和粗糙,且孔洞明显增大,BET比表面积为14.97 m~2·g~(-1).改性后污泥对Cu(Ⅱ)和Cr(VI)的吸附性能明显增加,在Cu(Ⅱ)和Cr(VI)初始浓度均为50 mg·L~(-1)时,吸附剂投加量4 g·L~(-1),反应体系温度25℃,pH为3.0,吸附平衡时间为30 min时,去除率比改性前分别增大了56.79%和47.60%;Cu(Ⅱ)和Cr(VI)离子最大理论吸附量分别达到21.06和14.85 mg·g~(-1).吸附机制分析表明,吸附等温线数据符合Langmuir模型,模型R~2分别为0.998和0.999,存在单分子层吸附;在实验温度下(15、25、35、45℃)的吸附动力学实验数据符合准二级动力学模型,R~2均达到了0.99以上,且随着温度的升高,吸附越容易进行,说明Cu(Ⅱ)和Cr(VI)的吸附以化学吸附为主,物理吸附为辅.改性吸附剂能够应用于含有重金属的废水处理,实现废物资源化利用.     

椰壳类活性炭高温改性及吸附铝电解质熔盐中K~+的性能

利用SEM,ASAP2000M和FTIR对高温改性前后的椰壳活性炭的表面性能进行检测分析,并通过吸附铝电解质熔盐中K~+的实验对吸附动力学过程进行分析,研究高温改性对活性炭表面性能的影响和高温改性后活性炭吸附熔盐中K~+的性能.表面性能检测的分析结果表明,活性炭经过高温改性后比表面积由918 m~2/g提升至2 544 m~2/g,表面孔径分布得到优化,并且具有去除表面杂质的作用;同时,高温改性前后活性炭的表面官能团种类没有发生明显变化,说明高温改性后的活性炭能够在铝电解质熔盐中保持稳定的结构.吸附实验数据的分析结果表明,活性炭在铝电解质熔盐中吸附K~+的过程符合准二级动力学模型;并且,经35 min后达到吸附平衡,K~+最大吸附量为20.8 mg/g.     

多胺型大孔球形纤维素的制备及吸附性能研究

天然棉纤维经碱化、磺化、溶解得粘胶液,按一定比例加入致孔剂CaCO_3,采用反相悬浮再生法,制备了大孔球形纤维素(PSC).经SEM对其表面结构进行了表征,平均孔径为7.78μm.大孔球经环氧化后接枝三乙撑四胺,制备了一种多胺型大孔球形纤维素吸附剂(PSC-TVTA),利用正交设计、效应曲线分析等方法确定了最佳合成条件为:0.3 g环氧化的大孔球(PSCE)中加入三乙撑四胺0.7 m L、溶剂为质量分数20%乙醇水溶液30 m L、催化剂无水Na_2CO_30.25 g、50℃下N_2氛围中反应7 h.吸附实验表明:Cu~(2+)、Pb~(2+)、Zn~(2+)和Ag~+在各自的最佳条件下得到最大吸附容量分别为28.87、29.22、13.34和48.71 mg/g.吸附剂对Cu~(2+)、Pb~(2+)、Zn~(2+)和Ag~+吸附行为符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型.     

CTMA插层改性膨润土对甲基橙的吸附特性

用十六烷基三甲基铵(CTMA)阳离子对钠基膨润土通过离子交换进行插层改性,采用X射线衍射(XRD)和红外光谱(IR)对CTMA改性膨润土结构表征,在100%的离子交换下,其d001比钠基膨润土增大7.54,红外光谱显示CTMA改性膨润土的-OH伸缩与弯曲二振动强度明显低于钠基膨润土。用甲基橙水溶液为染料废水模型物,考察了CTMA改性膨润土对甲基橙的吸附特性,对吸附实验数据运用相关数学模型拟合,得出该等温吸附平衡符合Langmuir与Freundlich二吸附模型,整个吸附过程更适合准二级动力学;通过计算不同温度各热力学参数ΔG0、ΔH0和ΔS0,证实该吸附过程为一自发的放热物理吸附。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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