烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

含钛高炉炉渣微波合成碳化钛及其介电性能测定

The preparation of functional material titanium carbide by the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag with microwave heating is an effective method for valuable metals recovery; it can alleviate the environmental pressure caused by slag stocking. The dynamic dielectric parameters of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag/pulverized coal mixture under high-temperature heating are measured by the cylindrical resonant cavity perturbation method. Combining the transient dipole and large π bond delocalization polarization phenomena, the interaction mechanism of the microwave macroscopic non-thermal effect on the titanium carbide synthesis reaction was revealed. The material thickness range during microwave heating was optimized by the joint analysis of penetration depth and reflection loss, which is of great significance to the design of the microwave reactor for the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag.     

采用超声组装与滚压工艺制备铝–碳纳米管复合材料

This study introduced a novel fabrication of aluminum–carbon nanotube (CNT) composites by employing bulk acoustic waves and accumulative roll bonding (ARB). In this method, CNT particles were aligned using ultrasonic standing wave in an aqueous media, and the arrayed particles were precipitated on the aluminum plate substrate. Then, the plates rolled on each other through the ARB process with four passes. Optical and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated the effective aligning of CNTs on the aluminum substrate with a negligible deviation of arrayed CNTs through the ARB process. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the developed composites showed no peaks for carbon and aluminum carbide. In addition, tensile tests showed that the longitudinal strength of the specimens processed with aligned CNTs was significantly greater than that of the specimens with common randomly dispersed particles. The proposed technique is beneficial for the fabrication of Al–CNT composites with directional mechanical strength.     

乙酸光氯化合成三氯乙酸宏观动力学研究

针对乙酸光氯化制备三氯乙酸反应过程，采用带有溢流的环流反应器，在半连续条件下测定乙酸、氯乙酸、二氯乙酸和三氯乙酸浓度随时间的变化规律。建立了乙酸光氯化反应过程的宏观动力学方程，考虑到Cl2与乙酸、氯乙酸和二氯乙酸的反应存在竞争性，通过引入“竞争因子”提高备组分浓度模型计算值与实验值的拟合度，并估计出动力学参数。结果表明，加入“竞争因子”的平行-连串宏观动力学模型能准确地反映己酸光氯化合成三氯乙酸的反应动力学规律。     

HPLC法测定人体尿液中有机酸的含量

以苯酚为内标物,用反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)测定了人体晨尿中尿酸(UA)、对-氨基苯甲酸(P-ABA)、马尿酸(HA)、高香草酸(HVA)的含量;探讨了尿样预处理技术。该法的检测限为0.23~0.59ng;回收率为97.65%~98.49%;相对标准偏差为1.05%~2.73%。本文建立的分析方法可满足临床胃癌、肺癌等病人的尿液中有机酸的监测与诊断。     

乙酸氯化合成氯乙酸反应机理研究进展

分析乙酸在光、硫磺和醋酐催化条件下生成氯乙酸的反应机理.乙酸光催化反应速度快,但二氯乙酸生成量高.硫磺催化和醋酐催化产生的乙酰氯是真正的乙酸氯化催化剂.对二氯乙酸生成机理进行评述,认为乙酸氯化生成二氯乙酸属于平行-连串反应机理.     

丙酮酸、乳酸对体外肌酸激酶活性的抑制作用

 应用酶活测定的方法分析了肌酸激酶在不同浓度的乳酸、丙酮酸中的活性变化.实验结果说明在失活过程中没有蛋白质的聚沉,失活与乳酸浓度、丙酮酸的浓度呈正相关.通过对比实验结果提示,丙酮酸离子、乳酸离子对肌酸激酶没有明显影响,丙酮酸、乳酸是通过其解离状态的H⁺改变了机体pH值而影响肌酸激酶活性的,作者就丙酮酸、乳酸对肌酸激酶影响及其意义进行探讨.     

不锈钢在硝酸-氢氟酸中酸洗缓蚀抑雾剂的筛选

采用线性极化技术对18-8不锈钢在8%HNO3+2%HF酸洗介质中的缓蚀抑雾剂进行筛选,经正交试验,得出最佳配方的组成为0.3%硫脲衍生物+0.2%乌洛托品+0.3%硫氰酸铵+0.2%十二烷基苯磺酸钠,缓蚀率达到99%,抑雾率达到85%左右,该最佳配方的缓蚀抑雾剂对材料的力学性能不产生影响。     

大南湖风化煤的硝酸氧解及其产物的生理活性

用硝酸对哈密大南湖风化煤进行氧解，可获得高收率的硝基黄腐酸，生理活性实验证明这些硝基黄腐酸对植物的生长具有明显的刺激作用；基本结构参数测定表明硝基黄腐酸E4/E6大，总酸基及羧基含量高，活性基团的增加，使其在刺激动植物的生长上具有较大的应用价值。     

乙醇和正己烷溶解不饱和脂肪酸的紫外吸收比较

本文用乙醇和正己烷溶解油酸、亚油酸、共轭亚油酸、γ-亚麻酸和二高γ-亚麻酸等五种脂肪酸,利用紫外分光光度计测定其吸光度并测定其紫外吸收值,研究了乙醇和正己烷两种溶剂间的相关性。结果表明每种脂肪酸在乙醇和正己烷溶解时的紫外吸收均达到极显著相关,因此选择乙醇作为脂肪酸紫外吸收检测的溶剂也是可行的。     

几种有机酸对牙釉面作用的体外研究

用扫描电镜、光学显微镜和化学分析等方法,观察了在不同条件下醋酸、乳酸、柠檬酸,酒石酸、EDTA 等几种有机酸对牙釉面的脱矿作用,分析和比较了这些有机酸的化学性质,浓度、作用时间与釉面损伤形态学变化关系.     

萃取过程中的盐析效应

以磷酸三丁酯萃取富马酸和从盐酸溶液中苹取Sn~(4+),三烷基氧化磷革取苹果酸、琥珀酸,二丁基亚矾从天然磷矿的盐酸分解液中萃取盐酸和磷酸为例,进行了萃取过程盐析效应的研究。提出了盐析剂浓度对被萃物分配比或萃取率经验公式,并用文献中的数据对此经验公式进行了检验,计算值与实验值吻合较好。     

植物蛋白酶－无机酸联合水解畜血试验

研究了用植物蛋白酶和无机酸联合水解畜血制各复合氨基酸试验，结果表明联合水解工艺比单用酶解或酸解畜血优越。