热释电流法研究聚氯乙烯-聚氨酯共混物的相容性

用热释电流(TSC)法研究高聚物驻极体的玻璃化转变。以有机玻璃作材料,研究了极化电场强度、极化时间、极化温度和升温速率等实验条件对热释电流的影响。在此基础上,研究了聚氯乙烯-聚氨酯共混物的相容性,TSC谱图表明该共混物为一个部分相容体系。     

高聚物玻璃化转变的一种微观解释——兼论高聚物非晶态的结构

高聚物非晶态的玻璃化转变的理论研究,提出了几种机理,而非晶态的结构研究,也提出了各种模型。本文试将玻璃化转变看成是非晶态的结构转变,提出一种玻璃化转变的微观解释——局部有序化假设,并用其说明非晶态的各种状态可用不同的模型来表示,最后给出了有待实验验证的几点推论。     

SMA共聚物玻璃化转变温度测定条件的优化

本文利用差示扫描量热法（DSC）研究了气氛、升温速率、试样量和载气流速对苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物（SMA）玻璃化转变温度的影响,并用优化后的条件考察了上海石油化工研究院自制SMA样品的玻璃化转变温度。实验结果表明,在试样量10 mg左右、氮气流速40 mL/min、升温速率20 ℃/min的优化条件下,测定结果良好,经验证,DSC与动态机械热分析(DMTA)所测得的Tg基本一致,表明优化后的条件很适合SMA玻璃化转变温度的测定,此结果有助于SMA的生产和应用。     

Co基非晶合金薄带的非等温晶化动力学效应

采用非等温差示扫描量热法（DSC）研究了Co基非晶合金的晶化动力学.结果显示：随着升温速率的增加,特征温度Tg,Tx,Tp向高温区移动,且玻璃转变逐渐明显,过冷液相区逐渐加宽,表明该系列合金的玻璃化转变和晶化均具有动力学效应.用Kissinger方程计算了合金系的玻璃转变和晶化的表观激活能,发现与常规Co基非晶合金相比,具有强玻璃形成能力的Co基非晶合金的晶化激活能明显增大,由此说明该类非晶合金具有更高的非晶稳定性.     

单面和双面沉积甘油的玻璃化转变力学谱比较

基于复合体系簧振动方法，比较了单面和双面沉积时甘油的玻璃化转变力学谱.结果表明：沉积面积对甘油力学谱的影响不大；在单面沉积时，其升、降温过程中的力学谱的差异明显，且降温过程中的模量虚部峰所对应的温度高于升温过程的相应温度，显示出非本征的转变行为；而在双面沉积时，其升、降温过程中的模量虚部峰所对应的温度基本重合，表明其更具可靠性.     

金属/PET复合材料力学性能的研究

用Instron5565万能强力机对不同金属／PET复合材料在不同温度、不同金属厚度、不同速度下进行力学性能的测试．实验结果发现，温度对金属／PET复合材料的力学性能影响最大．当超过PET玻璃化温度之后金属层对复合材料的初始模量影响显著，并且厚度在6．7μm时，对PET的初始模量贡献最大．拉伸速度增加使材料初始模量和拉伸强度增大但伸长率减小．     

高分子熔体和浓溶液流变性能的研究──（I）具有Nagai缠结链限制作用下高分子熔体的非线性粘弹性分子理论

根据多重缠结模型和多重蠕动机理．用统计力学和动力学相结合的方法．建立了具有缠结限制作用的非线性粘弹性分子理论，计算了处于多重缠结态高分子链的构象统计．得到了高聚物熔体的粘弹性形变自由能，推导出了４种简单形变方式下的应力－应变关系、高分子流体的回忆函数、简单剪切流下的物料函数．推出了一种测定参数η０，ｎ’和ａ的新方法．从理论和实验上证实了非线性粘弹性理论的时间效应和形变影响是相互独立的．并以聚乙烯，聚丙烯和聚苯乙烯熔体的大量流变性能实验数据加以验证．结果证明，该理论能较好地预测高聚物熔体的非线性和线性粘弹性力学行为．     

木糖醇玻璃焓松弛动力学的现象学研究

为了比较3种基于Adam-Gibbs(AG)理论的焓松弛现象学模型的预测力,文章利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)分析木糖醇玻璃体系的焓松弛行为,在10 K/min的升温速率下测定经历不同降温速率(0.5～20K/min)的木糖醇在玻璃化转变温度(Tg)前后的比定压热容(cp),并运用Adam-Gibbs-Vogel(AGV)、Gmez Ribelles(GR)和Hutchinson(H)3种现象学模型对实验数据进行曲线拟合。结果表明,3种模型均能很好地重现经历不同降温速率木糖醇玻璃体系实验升温cp曲线,但模型预测的Adam-Gibbs温度(T2)普遍小于由其他实验方法分析(如Williams-Landel-Ferry(WLF)方程分析、介电松弛法等)得到的T2值,H模型对实验数据的预测力强于AGV和GR模型。     

动载荷对Zr基非晶合金玻璃化转变及晶化过程影响

采用DMA研究了动态加载条件下Zr62Al8Ni13Cu17大块非晶合金的玻璃化转变和晶化过程，并与无外载荷时相比较，结果表明外加动载荷会缩短晶化孕育期，促进晶化。此外，通过TEM观察加载大小及频率对晶相的影响，发现在一定范围内降低加载频率会导致模量显著下降并促进非晶晶化，加载频率及载荷的大小影响析出晶粒的形状及尺寸。     

高聚物分子链内旋转阻力与玻璃化温度的关系

影响高聚物玻璃化温度的因素很多,目前还没有一种有效的定量计算方法.为此,从高聚物的结构角度出发,将各种影响因素归纳为对高聚物分子链的内旋转阻力大小的影响,从定性角度能比较正确地判断出各种类型高聚物玻璃化温度的相对高低.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to