分散染料微胶囊/活性染料涤棉一浴法染色工艺初探

采用原位聚合法对分散染料进行双层造壁，制得分散染料微胶囊并应用于分散染料微胶囊／活性染料涤棉一浴法染色．通过改变染色条件中的浴比、染色温度、保温时间，研究分散染料微胶囊／活性染料涤棉织物的一浴法染色新工艺，并得出最佳染色工艺条件．     

Preparation and Application of Microencapsulated Disperse Dyes

Microcapsules containing disperse dyes were prepared by means of in-situ polymerization. Polyester fabrics were multiple-transfer printed and color-mix printed using those microencapsulated dyes under different process conditions. By color measurement instrument, it can be seen that the times of multiple-transfer printing are up to ten while under appropriate conditions, especially when the transfer printing time is 50 seconds and the transfer printing temperature is 180° C. On the other hand, the K/S value of each transfer printing can keep almost constant. Meanwhile, the visual effect of color-mix printing with microencapsulated disperse dyes is special in the varicolored exhibiting if compared with conventional disperse dyes.     

脲醛树脂胶粘剂制备毒死蜱微胶囊

采用工业生产的脲醛树脂胶粘剂为原料,通过原 位聚合法制备了毒死蜱微胶囊,探讨了影响微胶囊性能的主要因素。结果表明,固化剂种类 、壳芯比和反应温度对载药量和包封率的影响较为显著,反应时间和加酸速度对载药量和包 封率的影响不大。在乙酸、草酸、对甲苯磺酸3种固化剂中,草酸效果最好;随着壳芯比的 提高,收率和包封率提高,载药量略有降低;随着反应温度升高,包封率和收率明显降低, 而载药量的变化不大。反应温度较低、加酸速度较慢的微胶囊表面较平滑。经过优化后的制 备工艺为：固化剂为草酸,壳芯比为0.94,反应温度为40℃。在此条件下制得的微胶囊 ,其载药量可达67.66%,包封率为87.68%,收率为88.23%。用本方法在较低的反应温度 下制备的微胶囊的性能不低于同等条件下以尿素和甲醛为原料制备的微胶囊,表明本法是一种简便而效果较好的毒死蜱微胶囊制备方法。     

壳聚糖/木质素磺酸钠复凝聚法制备生物农药微胶囊

研究了以壳聚糖和木质素磺酸钠为囊材,以阿维菌素为囊芯,采用复凝聚法制备微胶囊。利用正交实验对复凝聚体系形成条件进行了初步筛选,在此基础上,深入研究了影响微胶囊载药量和包封率的各种因素,获得最佳制备工艺条件为：壳聚糖cps1500、壳聚糖浓度0.5%、木质素磺酸钠浓度2%、乳化剂Tween80/Span80配比2、乳化剂用量6 mL、壳芯比6、复凝聚时间15 min、交联剂用量4 mL、交联时间1 h,所得微胶囊的载药量和包封率可达到9.6％和82％。采用FT-IR对微胶囊进行表征的结果表明,囊芯与囊壁之间无化学键合。体外释放动力学研究结果表明,壳聚糖/木质素磺酸钠复凝聚微胶囊对阿维菌素具有一定的控释作用。     

Study on Dyeing of a Novel,Pro-environment Polylactic Acid （PLA） Fiber Yarn

Seventeen disperse dyes including anthraquinone, azo, methine, nitro, and quinoline dyes were applied to dye the Polylactic Acid （PLA） yarns at different conditions, and the dyebath exhaustion was determined. The result shows that C.I. disperse red 167, C.I. disperse orange 30, and C.I. disperse blue 284 have dye-uptakes greater than 80%. Therefore, they can be used as the three principal dyes for PLA yams. The experiment discovered that the dyes, because of their Monoazo and ester group contents, have a higher dye-uptake for the PLA fiber. The research on the optimization of dyeing techniques suggests that PLA yarn can obtain a high level of dyeing effectiveness at the following conditions： pH 4- 5, dyeing temperture 110℃ for 30- 40 min. Color fastness to perspiration, and waterwashing fastness increased 1 - 1.5 by the addition of the abstergent FB during the reduction clearing.     

The Relationship between Polarographic Reduction Potentials and Discharge Properties of Disperse Dyes

The half-wave potentials of disperse dyes with different structures are measured, the relationship between half-wave potentials and their discharge properties is discussed, then their effect factors are studied, such as the chemical structure types and substituents of disperse dyes and technological parameters. The results indicate that the halfwave potentials of disperse dyes when reduced could be used to characterize their reducing and discharge properties.     

AN EXAMINATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF STABILIZERS ON THE PHOTOCHEMICAL STABILITY OF DISPERSE DYES

There is a powerful market-need for superfast disperse dyes in special use, e.g. for automotivefabrics. The photochemical fading reactions of dyes are often very complicated, and no singlphotodegradation pathway can be involved for all kinds of dyes. To enhance the photostability of the commonly used disperse dyes, a series of tests on the ef-fect of variable stabilizers on the photodegradation rate of nine representative disperse dyes werecarried out both in ethyl acetate solution and on cellulose acetate film. A moderate light sourceemitting above 300 nm was adopted in this study to simulate the photofading under practical appli-cations. The results show that, in solution, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine is the most effectivegeneral stabilizer for all the tested dyes, but on cellulose film, nickel diethyl-dithiocarbamateshows the greatest general protecting effect, and a synergistic effect is observed for special combina-tions of stabilizers.     

Dyeing Properties of Basofil Fiber

The structures and properties of Basofil fiber were studied using X-rays small angle diffraction analysis, differential-scanning calorimeter and scanning electron microscopy. Disperse dyes, acid dyes and reactive dyes had been tried for dyeing Basofil fiber. It was shown disperse dyes were superior to other ones. The two series of high temperature dyes and low temperature dyes were compared for their suitability for Basofil fiber, and their dyeing behaviors were determined.     

偶氮分散染料的量子化学探讨

本文用HMO法对十种偶氮分散染料做了量子化学计算。根据量化指标初步探讨了性能与分子结构之间的关系。为在合成新的偶氮分散染料时,提示了理论指向。     

分散染料的生物降解性能

采用了[BOD5]／[CODcr]和呼吸速率曲线两种方法对6大类14种分散染料的好氧生物降解性能进行测试。实验表明，分散染料在好氧状态下大都难降解。然后又考察了这些染料的厌氧生物降解性能，发现这些染料经厌氧反应后大都变得可生化降解，并且染料结构与其降解性能之间有一定的关系。     

Preparation and properties of microencapsulated genetically engineered bacteria cells for oral therapy of uremia

~~Preparation and properties of microencapsulated genetically engineered bacteria cells for oral therapy of uremia~~     

原位聚合法制备微胶囊相变材料及其性能研究

本文通过原位聚合法制备了以脲醛树脂为壁材的微胶囊相变材料。采用SEM,DSC,光学显微镜等测试仪器考察了乳化剂种类、用量及乳化转速对微胶囊性能的影响;分析了助剂NaCl和分散剂NNO的用量对微胶囊微观形态、相变潜热和平均粒径的影响。实验结果表明,在乳化转速为3000rpm下,使用用量占芯材质量5%的复合乳化剂合成的微胶囊热性能良好,球体表面光滑,粒径均一。加入NaCl溶液后,微胶囊的相变潜热增加;当NaCl浓度为10%时,相变潜热达到最大,包覆率达到92.04%。同时加入占芯材质量2%的NNO,微胶囊的分散性好。     

可控粒径变色染料微胶囊的工艺研究

以尿素、甲醛为壁材,隐色染料结晶紫内酯、十六醇、双酚A为囊芯制备了变色染料微胶囊．用LS800型激光粒度分析仪观察了微胶囊粒径分布,讨论了不同实验条件对微胶囊粒径产生的影响．通过实验发现,改变包括囊芯／囊壁比例、分散剂浓度、分散时间与搅拌转速、缩聚时间与温度、固化时间与温度等在内的反应条件,可以制得不同粒径范围的、脲醛树脂为壁材的微胶囊．     

超细纤维用分散染料

从超细纤维的特点出发,分析了超细纤维在染色时出现的问题,从染料分子设计出发,介绍了可用于超细纤维染色的典型分散染料结构,并从偶氮、蒽酯以及杂环类洒料结构的特点。讨论了改进超细纤维用染料的途径。     

Electrochemical behavior of different shelled microcapsule composite copper coatings

Copper/liquid microcapsule composite coatings with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), gelatin or methyl cellulose (MC) as shell materials were prepared by electrodeposition. The influence of shell materials on the corrosion resistance of the composite coatings in 0.1 M H₂SO₄ was investigated by means of electrochemical techniques, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersion spectrometry (EDS). The results show that the participation of microcapsules can enhance the corrosion resistance of the composite coatings compared with the traditional copper layer. Based on the analysis of electrochemical test results, the release ways of microcapsules were deduced. Gelatin and MC as the shell materials of microcapsules are easy to release quickly in the composite coating. On the contrary, the releasing speed of PVA microcapsules is relatively slow due to their characteristics.     

苯并氧杂蒽-3,4-二酸酐型分散染料的应用及其电子光谱计算

研究了文题染料在涤纶纤维上的染色性能。结果表明:染样色彩鲜、耐升华和耐晒牢度都较好。还研究了其最大吸收波长和最大荧光波长之间的关系,并用P.P.P.-CI分子轨道法对此类染料的最大吸收波长、最大荧光波长进行了计算。计算值和实验值有较好的一致性。     

吡啶类暂溶性分散染料热反应及应用研究

本文研究了新型暂溶性分散染料——吡啶(钅翁)阳离子染料的应用性能。利用TG—DTA讨论了吡啶热反应并研究了吡啶正离子对相邻碳原子化学位移的影响。实验表明,这类染料可用于聚酯纤维的染色。     

Dyeing PET Textile with C.I. Disperse Red 60 and C.I. Disperse Orange 25 in Supercritical CO2

For a better understanding of the feasibility of supercritieal fluid dyeing （SFD） and more available information for the process development, the experiments of dyeing PET textile with C.I. disperse red 60 （anthraquinone type） and C. I. disperse orange 25 （azo type） in supercritieal CO2 were carried out with a high-pressure dyeing apparatus at temperatures from 80 to 130℃ and pressure up to 31 MPa. The effect of operating conditions on color yield （K/S） was investigated in SFD experiment, and the optimum operating conditions for the above two disperse dyes were obtained as follows： the temperature 120℃, the pressure 25 MPa and the dyeing time 100 min. As compared with SFD, the conventional water dyeing （CWD） was carried out with the same dyes and textile. The results show that the better fastness, levelness and apparent color can be achieved in SFD and the SFD process has many significant advantages over the CWD process.     

填充银纳米线自修复型导电胶

采用乳液聚合法制备了壳为聚苯乙烯,核为分散有银纳米线的聚硫醇与二乙基苯胺(DMBA)的混合物的核壳结构纳米粒子.将这些纳米粒子分散在填充有银纳米线的各项同性导电胶(ICA)胶体中,在外界作用力下,这些纳米核壳结构粒子自动破裂,聚硫醇与DMBA的混合物与胶体中过量的环氧基团快速反应,自动修复受外力破坏产生的胶体微裂纹,同时核壳结构粒子中的银纳米线均匀分散在修复处,起到对导电网络的修复作用.研究了核壳结构粒子的填充量对导电胶力学及电学修复效果的影响.并对修复机理进行了阐述.     

新型防泳移剂AM—l03的性能及应用研究

本文简要地分析了影响染料泳移的因素。对所研制的新型防泳移剂AM—103的性能和应用进行了研究,并与国外几种防泳移剂进行了对比。防泳移剂AM—103对分散和还原染料等防泳移效果好,加工的织物光洁,颜色透芯度好,可显著减少色差,对大多数分散和还原染料染色织物的K/S值明显增大,在连续染色过程中未出现粘滚筒现象。