提升小波包变换及在振动故障诊断中的应用

对内燃机进行快速准确故障诊断,可以提高内燃机维修的时效性,减少停机时间。提出一种基于提升小波包变换的故障诊断方法。给出了内燃机故障诊断模型,对内燃机进行等角度采样,在线获取振动信号,实现信号获取与工作转速同步。给出了提升小波包变换公式,并给出了移频算法,选择合适的小波进行提升小波包变换,提取状态特征向量,分析了不同状态特征向量的差异。采用支持向量机作为分类器实现故障诊断。通过实例分析比较,验证了该故障诊断方法的有效性。     

基于小波包与CNN的滚动轴承故障诊断

滚动轴承的振动信号具有较强的非平稳性,小波包(Wavelet Packet,WP)时频分析方法能有效提取非平稳信号的时频特征,具有精细的时频分辨率。而卷积神经网络(Convolutional Neural Network,CNN)强大的特征学习能力使其具有优于浅层网络的故障识别率。为了更准确地诊断出滚动轴承的运行状态,提出一种基于小波包与CNN相结合的滚动轴承故障诊断方法:对采集的轴承振动信号进行小波包时频分析,得到各类信号的时频特征图,采用fine-tuning技术在CNN模型caffe Net上进行微调,解决少量样本训练CNN模型的问题,最终得到了可用于滚动轴承故障诊断的CNN模型。采用小波包与CNN相结合进行故障诊断,故障识别率达到了99.1%,高于连续小波变换(CWT)和短时傅里叶变换(STFT)与CNN相结合的故障识别率。而采用主成分分析(PCA)与支持向量机(SVM)相结合的故障识别率最低,且对复合故障的识别效果明显不足。     

基于小波包变换-主元分析-神经网络算法的多电平逆变器故障诊断

针对级联多电平逆变器的故障诊断问题,提出了一种基于小波包变换-主元分析-神经网络算法的故障诊断方法。首先,通过小波包变换对故障信号进行多尺度小波包分解,并重构提取小波包能量作为故障特征向量;然后,采用主元分析方法提取主元信息以降低故障特征的维数;最后,利用BP神经网络进行故障分类和识别。通过仿真实验,验证了该方法相对于传统方法具有更高的故障诊断和故障识别的准确率,并且对噪声具有较好的鲁棒性。     

小波分析在电控发动机故障诊断中的应用

为了探讨小波分析技术在电控发动机故障诊断中的应用，以电控汽油机转速传感器为例，采集了转速传感器的正常和异常信号，利用小波变换对信号波形进行了滤波和除噪，利用一维连续变换工具计算出正常和异常信号小波变换系数，并提取了故障信息特征参数。结果表明：转速信号的小波变换系数能够判断发动机的断缸故障；转速信号的小波分析结果能对比发动机各缸的工作性能。实践证明，利用小波分析对电控发动机进行故障诊断是切实可行的。     

基于小波包分析和相关向量机的电路故障诊断

针对模拟电路故障变化的复杂性,提出一种小波包分析和相关向量机的电路故障诊断模型,首先采集模拟电路不同故障状态下的输出信号,将输出信号进行小波包分解,提取分解信号的归一化能量特征,然后将特征向量输入相关向量机中进行训练,建立模拟电路故障诊断模型,实现不同的故障状态分类识别;最后通过仿真实例对模型性能进行测试.测试结果表明,相对于其他模拟电路故障诊断模型,该模型不但提高了模拟电路故障诊断的正确率,而且减少了故障诊断时间.     

基于EEMD和小波包变换的早期故障敏感特征获取

提出一种基于总体平均经验模态分解和小波包变换的方法,进行早期故障敏感特征的获取,构建早期故障诊断模型. 该方法首先应用EEMD对现场采集的振动信号进行分解,分离出不同频率成分的特征信号,选择与原信号相关系数最大的 IMF分量进行信息重构;面向重构的IMF分量采用WPT进行分解,得到各个节点的小波系数;最后使用Hilbert变换提取小波包系数的包络,计算功率谱,准确获得早期故障的敏感特征. 通过对仿真信号的分析验证了该方法对故障诊断的有效性. 将该方法应用于实测的滚动轴承的内圈、外圈和滚动体故障诊断,诊断结果均表明该方法可有效提取早期故障敏感特征,故障诊断快速准确.      

基于小波包能量谱的天气雷达伺服电机故障预警系统研究

设计了数据采集的硬件系统,对天气雷达伺服电机振动信号进行实时采集;对采集的数据采用小波包特征的提取方法,利用小波包能量谱的方法将故障信号进行量化、分解,从而达到对天气雷达伺服电机故障的预警目的。经现场安装实验验证,表明基于小波包能量谱分析的天气雷达伺服电机故障诊断方法是一种方便灵活并且准确度很高的故障诊断方法。     

基于电流的主轴性能退化评估方法

为提高精密机床主轴检测的准确性,提出了一种基于电流的主轴性能退化评估方法.建立了主轴性能退化模型,使主轴状态便于监测和评估.首先采用小波包阈值对电流信号进行去噪处理,对去噪后的电流信号提取时频域特征量,构造多域特征空间.然后利用主成分分析法（PCA）进行数据降维,用降维后的样本进行支持向量机回归建模.采用粒子群算法（PSO）对支持向量机模型进行参数优化,以获得最优性能退化模型.将该模型应用于主轴实验台主轴性能退化评估,实验结果表明该方法原理正确,可以准确评价主轴性能.      

同步压缩小波与极限梯度提升树融合的柴油机失火故障诊断

针对柴油机失火故障诊断特征提取分辨率较低和分类评估容易出现过拟合的问题,提出了一种同步压缩小波变换和极限梯度提升树融合的诊断方法。在不同转速下进行柴油机失火性能试验,采集缸盖振动信号,对信号利用时域统计、同步压缩小波提取特征,再采用局部线性嵌入方法进行特征降维,最后利用极限梯度提升树进行失火评估分类。不同工况与评估方法下的对比实验结果表明,所提方法的分类准确率最高可达99.828%,相比小波包特征提取的评估方法提升至少10%。在低模型复杂度下,所提方法具有最小的模型预测均方根误差,证明了方法的鲁棒性和抑制模型过拟合的能力。     

基于小波包能量熵和随机森林的级联H桥多电平逆变器故障诊断

为了提升级联H桥多电平逆变器故障诊断的准确性和高效性,提出一种基于小波包能量熵和随机森林的故障诊断方法 .首先对级联H桥多电平逆变器的输出电压进行小波包分解,提取小波包能量熵构建故障特征;然后采用主成分分析法对故障特征进行维数约简,以降低诊断模型的训练时间;最后采用经参数调优后的随机森林模型对逆变器故障进行分类诊断.基于Matlab平台,将该诊断策略与传统的基于快速傅里叶变换的SVM(Support Vector Machine)方法以及基于小波变换的BP(Back Propagation)神经网络方法进行对比.仿真结果表明,针对级联H桥多电平逆变器中功率开关晶体管开路故障,基于小波包能量熵和随机森林诊断策略的故障识别率更高,可有效提升故障诊断率至97%左右.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to