自适应单次运动想像最优特征提取研究

为得到区分左右手运动想像脑电信号的最优特征,提出了一种自适应单次脑电特征提取方法.该算法先按运动想像电位生理学原理对不同被试寻找事件相关去同步/同步(ERD/ERS)现象最明显的频段与时间段,再按照这些参数提取C3,C4导脑电信号的能量,最后取其能量比值作为左右手想像分类的特征.采用公共标准数据集做测试,运用支持向量机(SVM)进行分类,并与AR特征提取法对照.结果表明,该法可有效提高分类正确率(平均90.7%,最佳98.7%),优于使用固定频段与时间段的AR特征提取法(平均77.4%,最佳92.8%),且算法复杂度低于AR特征提取法,适应性稍强于AR特征提取法,适合在线应用.     

基于最小二乘支持向量机的脑电信号分类

研究了基于运动想象脑电信号对大脑的想象运动状态进行分类识别的问题.根据事件相关同步和事件相关去同步现象识别出被试的想象运动状态,通过频带能量特征提取方法获得了想象左右手运动时的脑电信号特征,使用最小二乘支持向量机对提取到的频带能量特征进行分类.结果表明,使用最小二乘支持向量机可以对运动想象脑电信号的频带能量特征进行有效分类,分类正确率达到92%,其分类效果与使用标准支持向量机相当,但在计算速度上更有优势.     

单次运动想象脑电的特征提取和分类

为了实现脑-计算机接口(BCI)系统,对运动想象脑电信号的特征进行了提取和分类.将大脑C3,C4处采集的二路运动想象脑电信号分成4段,分别建立六阶AR参数模型进行功率谱估计,再对每段数据的功率谱求和构造特征矢量,提供给误差反向传播算法进行左右手运动想象脑电模式分类.结果表明,该方法提取的特征向量较好地反应了运动想象脑电信号的事件相关去同步(ERD)和事件相关同步(ERS)的变化时程.另外,该方法识别率高,复杂性低,适合在线脑-计算机接口的应用.     

基于ICA与PSD的ERD／ERS信号检测

介绍一种基于独立分量分析（ICA）空间滤波结合功率谱密度（PSD）曲线分析法用于提取大脑在想象动作时产生事件相关去同步／同步（ERD／ERS）信号的方法．其检测流程为：先对想象动作诱发的脑电（EEG）信号进行ICA分解得到独立分量与相应的解混矩阵,再按特征频段取其主要分量得到滤波后数据,然后采用短时傅里叶变换计算相关导联EEG信号在特征时段与频段的PSD曲线,引入ERD／ERS系数作为量化指标以进行想象动作的识别．计算结果表明,上述方法能够显著增强运动想象脑电信号的ERD／ERS特征信息,且通过实际分类验证,采用该方法可以获得更高的识别正确率,较传统信息检测方法平均提高8％以上．     

一种重复二分CSP4类运动想象脑电信号特征提取算法

针对脑机接口（BCI）系统中4类运动想象的脑电信号ERD/ERS现象进行研究,提出了一种重复二分共同空间模式（RB-CSP）算法用于4类运动想象脑电信号的特征提取,并运用SVM进行分类研究. 实验结果表明,该方法与传统的4分类CSP扩展算法OVR-CSP相比,减小了算法复杂程度,缩短了信号处理时间,提高了准确率,为在线脑机应用提供了一种新的解决方法.      

脑机接口技术研究方法

脑机接口（BCI）是一种基于脑电信号实现人脑与计算机或其他电子设备通讯和控制的系统，它不依赖人体的外周神经神经系统及肌肉组织，是一种新的人机接口方式，在康复医学和控制等领域有应用前景，近年来，脑机接口技术发展迅速。概述了采用事件相关电位P300、稳态视觉诱发电位（SSVEP）、事件相关同步或去同步9ERS／ERD）皮层慢电位（SCP）、自发EEG信号、植入电极等实现脑机接口技术的研究方法，讨论和比较了各种研究方法的特点和局限，介绍了脑机接口的发展现状和存在的问题，并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

基于小波方差的运动想象脑电信号特征提取

针对区分两种不同运动想象(想象左手运动和想象右手运动)的脑-机接口任务,提出了以小波方差作为分类特征的方法.首先深入研究了小波变换以及小波方差的计算方法,结合验证脑电图(EEG)存在的ERD/ERS现象,然后利用小波分解系数方差对C3,C4导联脑电信号进行特征提取,最后采用最简线性分类器进行分类,采用分类正确率作为主要评价标准.结果表明,最大分类正确率为85%,最佳分类时间段为4~6.5 s.与BCI竞赛和其他方法相比,在保证分类正确率的前提下,所使用的特征提取和分类方法更加简单,具有较高的参考价值.     

基于希尔伯特-黄变换的小鼠脑电信号相关性分析

研究了小鼠脑电信号的分离问题。由于小鼠脑电信号是由多种不同波段的信号混迭而成的,且不同波段的信号是非平稳、能量差距很大的随机信号,因此对这些脑电信号的分离非常困难。先使用主成分分析(PCA)方法将信号的主要成分提取出来,然后再使用独立成分分析(ICA)在频域上对脑电信号进行分离。接着对分离的脑电信号δ波进行希尔伯特-黄变换。利用希尔伯特谱得到信号的瞬时频率信息,发现δ波的瞬时频率在某些时刻相对于其他时刻非常大。将这些瞬时频率出现异常的时刻,与呼吸信号的波峰出现的时刻进行相关性分析,得出呼吸信号与脑电信号中的δ波显著相关。     

基于最优化少量电极的思维任务脑机接口

为减少脑机接口的电极数量,采用基于最优化少量电极的共空间模式(CSP)算法提取不同思维任务下的脑电信号(EEG)特征值.首先,根据事件相关(去)同步化现象观察时频特性;然后,运用熵准则对单个电极进行可分性度量;最后,根据可分性排序,利用基于最优化少量电极的CSP算法和支持向量机算法对不同电极组合的特征值进行提取和分类,得出最优化的电极组合.结果表明,进行心算和想像空间旋转2种思维任务时被试的EEG信号在顶叶和枕叶区域存在明显的能量差异,6个被试可分性最高的电极均位于这2个区域;与传统的EEG信号处理算法相比,基于最优化少量电极的算法可以使系统使用的电极数减少至3.3个,并且分类正确率提高5.4%.因此,采用基于最优化少量电极的算法可以减少电极数目,改善思维任务脑机接口的性能.     

“模拟阅读”脑-机接口信号的核Fisher分类

采用"模拟阅读"视觉诱发事件相关脑电位的实验模式进行了脑-机接口实验,记录受试者在靶标和非靶标刺激下的脑电信号并进行了模式分类.首先对原始的脑电信号进行预处理、提取最优特征,然后利用核Fisher准则对采集到的脑电信号进行分类.为了验证这种方法的有效性,同时还对信号进行了感知准则和Fisher准则的分类.对5名受试者测试的结果表明:核Fisher准则分类器的正确率分别为92.98%,88.85%,76.32%,78.33%和95.52%,分别高出Fisher准则、感知准则约20%、10%,表明核Fisher准则对含有非线性可分的脑电信号的分类效果比单纯的线性方法更为优越.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.