硬脂酸凝胶法制备的BaTiO_3微粉和陶瓷的特性

要硬脂酸凝胶法制备了ＢａＴｉＯ３微粉和陶瓷．ＸＲＤ、介电、压电和热释电性的研究结果表明，所有样品在室温下都呈立方钙钛矿结构，没有铁电性，但陶瓷有低温铁电性．ＸＲＤ对这些样品所测的晶粒尺寸都有常规ＢａＴｉＯ３的铁电临界尺寸以下．基于表面层的成份偏析，我们对其晶粒生长困难给出了初步解释．     

BaTiO_3的水热合成及后处理除杂相的方法

用水热方法以ＴｉＯ＿２为钛源，ＢａＣｌ＿２为钡源，合成粉体ＢａＴｉＯ＿３，并采用后处理方式除去Ｂａ－ＴｉＯ＿３中的杂相ＢａＣＯ＿３。通过ＸＲＤ粉末衍射分析了杂相的存在及除去，用扫描电子显微镜（ＳＥＭ）对未经处理和处理后的ＢａＴｉＯ＿３样品表面进行了观察。与反应前往体系中通入Ｎ＿２的方法相比，对ＢａＴｉＯ＿３样品进行后处理的方法具有操作方便、除杂效果好的优点。     

BaTiO3微粉的溶胶凝胶制备与表征

采用溶胶凝胶工艺制备ＢａＴｉＯ３超微粉，利用ＸＲＤ技术研究了不同工艺条件下ＢａＴｉＯ３微粉的结晶结构。根据Ｓｃｈｅｒｒｅｒ原理计算了ＢａＴｉＯ３微晶的晶粒尺寸效应。     

BaO—PbO—Bi_2O_3－Nd_2O_3－TiO_2系陶瓷的物相和电性能

研究ＢａＯ－ＰｂＯ－Ｂｉ２Ｏ３－Ｎｄ２Ｏ３－ＴｉＯ２五元系统在８００～１２００℃烧结中物相变化和电性能．ＸＲＤ测试数据：１０００℃时ＢａＴｉＯ３消失，主晶相为ＢａＴｉ４Ｏ９、Ｂｉ４Ｔｉ３Ｏ１２和Ｎｄ２Ｔｉ２Ｏ７，ＢａＮｄ２Ｔｉ５Ｏ１４开始出现，１１００℃到１１５０℃，Ｂｉ４Ｔｉ３Ｏ１２在ＸＲＤ图上消失，ＢａＴｉ４Ｏ９和Ｎｄ２Ｔｉ２Ｏ７含量逐渐减少，ＢａＮｄ２ＴｉＯ１４逐渐增加；１２００℃时，ＸＲＤ图谱全部为ＢａＮｄ２Ｔｉ５Ｏ１４，证明该系统的主晶相ＢａＮｄ２Ｔｉ５Ｏ１４是由Ｎｄ２Ｏ３、ＴｉＯ２对具有微波特性的ＢａＴｉ４Ｏ９改性而得：铅含量增加，主晶相的ａ、ｂ二晶轴缩短．调整各组分及玻璃的含量，获得ε＝９０±５、损耗ｔｇδ≤３×１０－４、绝缘电阻ρｖ≥１０１２Ωｃｍ、电容量温度系数αｃ＝０±１５×１０－６／℃、中温（１１５０℃）烧结的ＮＰＯＭＬＣ瓷料．     

BaTiO3纳米晶的制备和表征

以硬脂酸、氢氧化钡和钛酸四丁酯为原料,用Ｓｏｌ－Ｇｅｌ法合成了纳米级ＢａＴｉＯ３。在空气中以高于６００℃的几个不同温度下焙烧凝得到不同粒径的纳米晶,用ＩＲ、ＤＴＡ表征了从前体到凝胶、凝胶到结晶的转变过程。ＢａＴｉＯ３纳米晶样品通过ＴＥＭ考察其粒度和形貌,用粒度分布测定仪测试其粒径分布并与ＴＥＭ的结果比较,由ＸＲＤ表征其晶相。     

Ba_(1-x)Sr_xTiO_3·yLa_2O_3固溶体的合成、结构与性能

用化学掺杂方法合成了Ｂａ１－ｘＳｒｘＴｉＯ３和Ｂａ０９Ｓｒ０１ＴｉＯ３·ｙＬａ２Ｏ３（０≤ｘ≤１,０≤ｙ≤０３）系列固溶体超细粉末。ＸＲＤ证实,当ｘ＝１,ｙ＝０时,为四方晶系ＢａＴｉＯ３纯相,当０＜ｘ＜１,０＜ｙ≤０３时,得到一系列完全互溶固溶体,结果符合Ｖｅｇａｒｄ定律。ＳＥＭ观察粒子为球形,大小均匀,粒度０２～０３μｍ,制陶实验发现,钛酸钡经化学掺杂后,室温介电常数显著提高,当ｘ＝０１,ｙ＝００２时,ε可达３００００,比ＢａＴｉＯ３纯相的室温介电常数提高２０倍。     

正丁醇钛—乙酸钡水解法合成BaTiO_3粉体的关键工艺问题

本文着重研究了钛酰化物溶液的制备、保存以及钡原料来源等关键工艺对正丁醇钛—乙酸钡水解法合成粉体ＢａＴｉＯ３的影响。ＸＲＤ、ＩＣＰ—ＡＥＳ以及ＴＥＭ分析表明，采用此工艺方法合成的ＢａＴｉＯ３粉体，纯度达到９９．８０ｗｔ％，一次粒子粒径分析在１０～１００ｎｍ之间，少数粒子超过１００ｎｍ，二次粒子粒径界于２０～３００ｎｍ之间，多数小于１５０ｎｍ     

中温烧结BaTiO_3基多相铁电瓷料X7R特性

采用铋钛低熔物降低ＢａＴｉＯ３基资料的烧结温度。当加入量约０．０５ｍｏｌ时，可实现中温烧结，此过程存在过渡液相烧结。改性添加物Ｌａ２Ｏ３、Ｎｂ２Ｏ５等在固－液烧结过程中溶－析及Ａ、Ｂ位缺位补偿因溶，使主晶相ＢａＴｉＯ３晶粒形成“核－壳”结构。从ε－Ｔ特性和微观结构分析，探讨了不均匀分布的ＢａＴｉＯ３基多相铁电瓷料具有Ｘ７Ｒ特性的机制。     

SAG法Ba_（1－x）Sr_xTiO_3的介电性质

ＸＲＤ法分析和介电测量结果表明，ＳＡＧ法Ｂａ１－ｘＳｒｘＴｉＯ３（ｘ＝０、０．３、０．５和０．７）微粉和陶瓷的室温结构为立方相．其居里温度明显低于相应Ｂａ１－ｘＳｒｘＴｉＯ３晶体或常规工艺陶瓷的值，但居里温度仍随着Ｓｒ２＋含量的增加而线性下降．晶粒含杂质Ｆｅ３＋以及表面富钡可能使其晶格立方化，从而使居里温度下降以及三方－正交和正交－四方铁电相变消失．     

硬脂酸溶胶-凝胶法合成SrTiO_3纳米晶

以硬脂酸、醋酸锶和钛酸丁酯为原料，采用硬脂酸溶胶－凝胶法（ＳＡＧ）合成凝胶，经过热处理获得ＳｒＴｉＯ３纳米晶．ＩＲ、ＴＧ－ＤＴＡ分析了凝胶的热处理过程；ＳＥＭ、ＸＲＤ分析了纳米ＳｒＴｉＯ３的形貌及晶相．在６５０℃保温３ｈ合成四方相ＳｒＴｉＯ３纳米晶，颗粒均匀呈球形，平均粒径６０ｎｍ．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.