黑麦KingⅡ中白粉病抗性基因的染色体定位

寻找新的白粉病抗源对促进小麦白粉病抗性育种有重要意义.黑麦是重要的白粉病抗源之一,加强对黑麦白粉病抗性调查的研究也将有利于小麦育种.本实验调查了黑麦KingⅡ及衍生自中国春×黑麦KingⅡ的一套小麦一黑麦附加系的白粉病抗性.结果表明,黑麦KingⅡ对白粉病免疫,附加系中除3R和6R附加系对白粉病表现免疫外,其余5个附加系都高感白粉病.该结果表明3R和6R染色体上的白粉病抗性基因可以在小麦背景中得到表达.这为将黑麦白粉病抗性基因导入小麦提供了直接的桥梁材料.     

春小麦种质对麦长管蚜的抗蚜性鉴定

2002-2004年,利用蚜情指数法对小麦种质进行麦长管蚜田间自然感蚜抗性鉴定,从521份春小麦种质中筛选出高抗种质3份,抗性种质9份,二者占鉴定材料的2.29%,对此3份高抗材料与5份高感材料人工接虫鉴定,结果表明:灌浆期室内穗部人工接种麦长管蚜抗性鉴定结果与田间成株期自然感蚜抗性鉴定结果基本一致,04-9284和C272穗部抗生性强,抗生性为其主要的抗蚜机制之一,而C151穗部抗生性差,其抗蚜机制以不选择性为主.     

小麦兼抗性抗源的选育、鉴定和利用

在同一小麦生态区往往数种病害同时发生 ,用兼抗性小麦品种进行防治是最经济有效的方法 ,可减少环境污染。用小麦近缘种属与野燕麦的不同种杂交、具有普通小麦不同染色体的近缘属间杂交 ,杂交后代一般不要进行回交 ,而且容易稳定 ,育成系列兼抗性普通小麦型的优质、高产的品种和品系。     

小麦兼抗性抗源的选育、鉴定和利用

在同一小麦生态区往往数种病害同时发生，用兼抗性小麦品种进行防治是最经济有效的方法，可减少环境污染．用小麦近缘种属与野燕麦的不同种杂交、具有普通小麦不同染色体的近缘属间杂交，杂交后代一般不要进行回交，而且容易稳定，育成系列兼抗性普通小麦型的优质、高产的品种和品系。     

小麦兼抗性抗源的选育,鉴定和利用

在同一小麦生态区往往中病害同时发生，用兼抗性小麦品种进行防治是最经济有效的方法，可减少环境污染。用小麦近缘种属与野燕麦的不同种杂交、具有普通小麦不同染色体的近缘属间杂交，杂交后代一般不要进行回交，而且容易稳定，育成系列兼抗性普通小麦型的优质、高产的品种和品系。     

桃蚜关键抗性基因挖掘及抗蚜Cry蛋白预测

为了挖掘桃蚜(Myzus persicae)的关键抗性基因并构建抗性调控网络,通过加权基因共表达网络分析(WGCNA)和差异表达基因分析(DEGs)对桃蚜抗性研究的GEO数据库进行分析,筛选出2 426个枢纽基因和2 263个差异表达基因探针.将关键抗性基因在String数据库中进行蛋白质相互作用(PPI)分析,获得154个桃蚜关键抗性基因,并绘制桃蚜的抗性调控网络.结果表明:acpp基因的上调表达可能是大多数Cry蛋白不能有效杀死桃蚜的原因之一;参考抗蚜Cry1Cb2蛋白和11个靶标蛋白的对接规则,通过同源建模和分子对接等生物信息学技术,预测了10个新的Cry蛋白可能对桃蚜具有杀虫活性.     

吡虫啉拌种对冀东地区小麦长管蚜的防效及天敌的影响

为确定药剂拌种对小麦长管蚜的防效及其天敌的影响,以吡虫啉和京东八号为材料进行了实验。结果表明,处理A(拌种药量为1.2 g·kg-1,有效成份,以下同)﹑处理B(拌种药量为0.8 g·kg-1)和ck在小麦整个生育期,麦长管蚜总数分别为4 204,4 128,9 911头·百株-1,且处理A,处理B与ck达到差异显著性(P0.05);处理A和处理B从4月24日到5月25日对小麦长管蚜均具有一定的防效且在5月17日防效达最佳,分别为82.13%,78.11%;经小麦产量分析表明,处理A,处理B,ck的产量分别为0.701 3,0.598 8,0.564 4kg·m-2,且处理A与处理B,ck之间达到差异显著性(P0.05);吡虫啉拌种对小麦长管蚜天敌的影响分析表明,处理A和处理B对小麦僵蚜﹑瓢虫田间数量影响与ck之间达到差异显著性(P0.05)。     

小麦品种对麦长管蚜抗性的动态分析

小麦品种对麦长管蚜抗性的动态分析@侯有明@冯宝成@刘绍友...     

麦长管蚜蜜露分泌量与小麦品种的关系研究初报

麦长管蚜Macrosiphum avenae(Fab.)是山西麦田的重要害虫。通过对其在不同小麦品种上取食与排蜜量的观察研究发现,该蚜蜜露的分泌量与小麦不同品种同有密切的关系。田间蚜虫发生量大的品种,蚜虫排蜜量也大;而田间蚜虫发生量小的品种,排蜜量也小。结果表明,把蚜虫蜜露的分泌量作为一个简易的指标来鉴定和筛选小麦抗虫品种,具有一定的可靠性。     

不同抗性淀粉含量的小麦品种(系)SBEⅡa基因启动子序列分析

为了从分子水平上揭示不同小麦品种(系)间抗性淀粉含量差异的原因,本试验利用q RT-PCR技术研究了抗性淀粉含量高和抗性淀粉含量低的小麦品种(系)淀粉合成关键基因SBEⅡa表达差异。根据Genebank中公布的小麦SBEⅡa基因启动子(AY357072.1)基因序列设计特异性引物,利用RT-PCR技术克隆SBEⅡa基因启动子,利用Clustal.W对测序结果比对分析,利用数据库PLACE和Plant CARE对启动子序列中各特征元件进行预测,以发掘影响SBEⅡa基因表达量的重要作用元件的等位变异位点。结果显示:抗性淀粉含量高的小麦品种(系)中SBEⅡa基因的表达量低于抗性淀粉含量低的品种(系)。克隆了10个抗性淀粉含量不同的小麦品种(系)SBEⅡa基因编码区上游2896 bp序列,10个小麦品种(系)SBEⅡa基因启动子序列相似性达到了99.92%,抗性淀粉含量高和抗性淀粉含量低的小麦品种(系)SBEⅡa基因启动子序列间无规律性差异。推测,SBEⅡa基因启动子可能不是造成SBEⅡa基因表达差异的主要原因。     

麦长管蚜AFLP银染分析体系的建立与优化

以麦长管蚜Sitobion avenae(Fabricius)为研究材料,以AFLP技术为基础,采用限制性内切酶EcoRI和MseI,对影响麦长管蚜AFLP技术体系中的关键技术,如DNA的提取质量、酶切与连接、扩增条件、引物选择、染色方法等进行了优化处理,构建了麦长管蚜AFLP银染技术体系。酶切与连接分步进行,预扩增与选择性扩增同体系完成。在此优化体系下,可以得到重复性好、稳定性和多态性高的麦长管蚜AFLP条带。该体系的构建为蚜虫种间分子遗传学研究提供了新的技术手段。     

粗山羊草(Aegilops tauschii)抗纹枯病的鉴定

通过土壤人工接种,采用相对抗病指数法对收集到的56份粗山羊草的抗纹枯病性能在大田成株期进行了鉴定和评价.结果表明,这些粗山羊草的纹枯病抗性普遍较好.8个品系为免疫,15个品系为高抗,26个品系为中抗,7个品系为中感或高感.这些抗病材料可以作为小麦抗纹枯病的资源.     

粘果山羊草Aegilops kotschyi puroindoline a基因的研究

根据已报道的小麦籽粒硬度主效基因之一puroindoline a（Pina）基因的保守序列,设计并合成了一对特异性引物ForA1和RevA1,对粘果山羊草Aegilops kotschyi的三个材料的基因组DNA和互补DNA进行Pina基因克隆、序列测定和表达分析,发现了三个新型Pina突变体,基因序列与六倍体小麦的同源基因存在较大的差异.RT-PCR证实了Pina基因在籽粒胚乳中表达.Southern blot分析结果表明,三种材料中该基因均含有两个拷贝.研究结果显示山羊草是一个丰富的遗传资源库,为小麦籽粒硬度的基因工程改良奠定了基础.     

Identification of a protein associated with circulative transmission of Barley yellow dwarf virus from cereal aphids, Schizaphis graminum and Sitobion avenae

Using 2-D electrophoresis and virus overlay assay,a 50-kDa protein(P50)exhibiting specific binding to purified virus particles of BYDV-GAV was found in the protein extracts from Schizaphis graminum and Sitobion avenae,two aphid species transmiting BYDV-GAV.P50 in the extracts of S.graminum was isolated by preparation electrophoresis and electro-eluted proteins from the gel slices for antiserum preparation.After feeding the antiserum through membrane,the transmission efficiencies of S.graminum and S.avenae for BYDV-GAV decreased significantly.It was suggested that P50 should be related with transmission process.Location of P50 was found at the plasma membrane surrounding the accessory salivary gland(ASG) in the head tissues of S.graminum by immunogold-labelling experiment.The ascertainment of the protein associated with virus transmission has a significance influence on further understanding the transmission mechanism and genetic engineering for resistant to vector transmission.     

HMW glutenin subunits in multiploidAegilops species: composition analysis and molecular cloning of coding sequences

The Aegilops genus contains species closely related to wheat. In common with wheat, Aegilops species accumulate high molecular weight (HMW) glutenin subunits in their endospermic tissue. In this study, we investigated the composition of HMW glutenin subunits in four multiploid Aegilops species using SDS-PAGE analysis. Furthermore, by working with Ae. ventricosa, we established an efficient genomic PCR condition for simultaneous amplification of DNA sequences coding for either x- or y-type HMW glutenin subunits from polyploid Aegilops species. Using the genomic PCR condition, we amplified and subsequently cloned two DNA fragments that may code for HMW glutenin subunits in Ae. ventricosa. Based on an analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences, we concluded that the two cloned sequences encode one x- and one y-type of HMW glutenin subunit, respectively.     

Relationships of Aegilops tauschii revealed by DNA fingerprints: The evidence for agriculture exchange between China and the West

Genetic diversity and relationships of wild goat grass (Aegilops tauschii Cosson) from Iran and Xinjiang,west China,as well as its weedy type from the Yellow River region of Shaanxi and Henan provinces in China were analyzed by simple sequence repeat (SSR) fingerprints.A high level of genetic diversity in Aegilops tauschii accessions from Iran was observed,and the richness of genetic diversity was followed by accessions from Shaanxi,Henan,and Xinjiang.The weedy type of Aegilops tauschii showed a close genetic relationship with the wild type from different regions in Iran.The results indicated that the weedy Aegilops tauschii found in the Yellow River region was most likely introduced from lran-the diversity center of Aegilops tauschii.The weedy Aegilops tauschii populations found in the Yellow River region may be brought into the central part of China as a weed species together with common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from the West during various periods of time in history.This finding has provided strong evidence for the introduction of common wheat from the West into China via the Silk Road,and also demonstrated the important role of the Silk Road in the exchange of agri-culture and other relevant technologies between China and the West.     

Relationships of Aegilops tauschii revealed by DNA fingerprints: the evidence for agriculture exchange between China and the West

Genetic diversity and relationships of wild goat grass (Aegilops tauschii Cosson) from Iran and Xinjiang, west China, as well as its weedy type from the Yellow River region of Shaanxi and Henan provinces in China were analyzed by simple sequence repeat (SSR) fingerprinting. A high level of genetic diversity in Aegilops tauschii accessions from Iran was observed, and the richness of genetic diversity was followed by accessions from Shaanxi, Henan, and Xinjiang. The weedy type of Aegilops tauschii showed a close genetic relationship with the wild type from different regions in Iran. The results indicated that the weedy Aegilops tauschii found in the Yellow River region was most likely introduced from Iran—the diversity center of Aegilops tauschii. The weedy Aegilops tauschii populations found in the Yellow River region may be brought into the central part of China as a weed species together with common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from the west during various periods of time in history. This finding has provided strong evidence for the introduction of common wheat from the West into China via the Silk Road, and also demonstrated the important role of the Silk Road in the exchange of agriculture and other relevant technologies between China and the West.     

山羊草四个组高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成分析

利用SDS-PAGE技术对山羊草属18个种的46份材料进行高分子谷蛋白亚基电泳分析．18个种各电泳出2～5条带，共有24种不同的电泳条带，26种不同的麦谷蛋白亚基类型，每个种有1～3种类型．山羊草与小麦的麦谷蛋白亚基存在着较大的差异，山羊草属中各种间在高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成与其亚基的电泳迁移率方面也存在广泛差异．     

Genes for resistance to stripe rust on chromosome 2B and their application in wheat breeding

Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most damaging diseases of wheat worldwide. Growing resistant cultivars is the most economic and environmental friendly way to control the disease. There are many resistance genes to stripe rust located on wheat chromosome 2B. Here, we propose a strategy to construct the recombinant wheat chromosome 2B with multiple resistances to stripe rust by making crosses between wheat lines or cultivars carrying Yr genes and using marker-assisted selection, based on the reported information about resistance spectrum, chromosomal location, and linked markers of the genes. Pyramiding the resistance genes on 2B would afford a valuable strategy to control the disease by cultivating varieties with durable resistance. The possibility, efficiency, and prospect of the suggested strategy are reviewed in the paper.