思茅松松脂松节油群体的物理及化学特征

研究了云南省思茅松脂松节油群体的相对密度、折光率、初馏点、馏程体积、旋光度和化学组成等物理和化学特征差异。结果表明：思茅松松节油化学组成种源变异丰富，松节油的旋光度是思茅松地理种源的指纹标记。根据组成和依产地从南到北的顺序，思茅松松节油可分为高α-蒎烯、高β-蒎烯和高3-蒈烯3类，前两类优级品的质量指标优于GB／T 1290191标准要求，第3类的折光率超过GB／T 12901-91标准上限。3类间的4项质量指标、特征组分含量差异极显著；旋光度都为右旋，且差异高度显著。依产地由南向北α-蒎烯含量递减：91．08％，70．90％，42．55％；β-蒎烯递增：2．46％，21．94％，36．68％；3-蒈烯依次递增：0．62％，2．79％，11．51％；第3类的β-水芹烯和异松油烯显著高于前两类；单萜质量分数在98．74％～99．79％，而倍半萜质量分数只有0．21％～1．29％。     

西藏高山松松脂分析

西藏高山松松脂为白色半流体，含油率达２０％左右，质量较好。松脂中含有４６种以上的化学成分。它们主要由α－蒎烯，β－蒎烯，△＾３蒈烯，山达海松酸，长叶松酸，左旋海松酸，枞酸，新枞酸和湿地松酸等组成。松脂中含有３０．０％－３３．０％的单萜，０．７％－１．４％的倍半萜和６６．０％－６８．０％的二萜。     

酸性离子液体催化合成乙酸松油酯

制备了7种酸功能化离子液体,分别将其与氯乙酸组成复合催化体系用于催化α-蒎烯一步合成乙酸松油酯,筛选出一种催化效果较佳的离子液体[HS03-pmim]H2PO4,并用FT-IR、^1HNMR和^13CNMR对其进行了表征。考察影响反应的主要因素,确定了较佳的反应条件：n（α-蒎烯）：n（[HSO3-pmim]H2P04）：n（氯乙酸）：n（乙酸）=5：0．9：5：14,反应温度40℃,反应时间10h。在此条件下,α-蒎烯转化率为85．6％,乙酸松油酯质量分数为36．0％。该催化体系可重复使用,重复使用5次时,α-蒎烯转化率为83．5％,乙酸松油酯质量分数仍达33．7％。     

湿地松针叶中挥发油的化学组成

应用ＯＶ－１０１石英毛细管柱气相色谱和气－质联用首次对湿地松针叶中的挥发油化学组成进行了分离和鉴定。由湿地松针叶挥发油中共分出３４个主要色谱峰，其中单萜１８种，倍半萜１５种。高含单萜主要是α－蒎烯，β－蒎烯，柠檬烯和α－松油醇等，其中β－蒎烯占单萜总量５０％以上。湿地松新叶和二年生针叶的挥发油组分基本相同，各组分相对含量也非常相近。一年中不同时期针叶中的单萜，倍半萜相对含量有变化，３月份针叶中单萜含量普遍高于５月份针叶。而倍半萜的相对含量则大多低于５月份针叶。３月份针叶单萜约占单萜、倍半萜总量的５８．７％，而５月份的针叶中，单萜仅占有单萜、倍半萜总量的３９．５％。     

间甲酚/木质素改性酚醛树脂竹胶板胶粘剂的研究

采用分次分步加料一锅煮合成法,以间甲酚和酸化的木质素磺酸钠来改性制取新的酚醛树脂胶粘剂．研究了酸化反应的时间,合成温度及投料比对胶粘剂性能的影响．结果表明：酸化反应2．5h,合成温度100℃,n（甲醛）：n（苯酚＋木质素）=0．75：1,n（问甲酚）：n（苯酚＋木质素）=0．10：1,n（木质素）：n（苯酚＋木质素）=0．30：1时含游离醛质量分数为0．10％,游离酚质量分数为0．25％,黏度0．38Pa·S,粘合强度2．0MPa,最后用红外光谱和紫外光谱对胶粘剂进行结构测试．     

酸性高锰酸钾化学发光体系测定针剂中的头孢噻肟钠

头孢噻肟钠碱性水解产物与高锰酸钾反应可产生微弱的化学发光，多聚磷酸对其有强烈的增敏作用，据此建立了一种简单、快捷、灵敏的流动注射化学发光测定头孢噻肟钠的新方法．化学发光信号ICL与头孢噻肟钠质量浓度C在0．02-20μg／mL和20～120μg／mL范围内呈良好的线性关系，回归方程分别表示为ICL=3.169＋20．961C（r=0．9998，n=9）；ICL=147．5＋14．752C（r=0．9994，n=9），方法的检出限为20ng／mL．对5μg／mL头孢噻肟钠进行11次平行测定，相对标准偏差为0．8％，用本法对针剂中头孢噻肟钠的含量进行了测定，得出了令人满意的结果．     

白兰叶油化学成分的研究(第一报)

白兰叶油(oil from leaves of Michelia alba DC.)的主要成分是α-蒎烯,l-侧柏烯,罗勒烯,1.8-按叶油素,l-芳樟醇,黄樟油素,香叶烯,1-β-榄香烯,α-芹子烯,α-橙花叔醇和四个尚未鉴别的化合物,其中一个是单萜烯,两个是含氧化合物(甲和乙),一个是倍半萜酮。白兰叶油中l-芳樟醇含量占64.3％,倍半萜烯总含量约为16％,α-橙花叔醇约4％,罗勒烯1,5—2％。     

分光光度法测定蒙药黑冰片中微量钛

本实验利用分光光度法对蒙药黑冰片中钛的含量进行了测定,测得标准曲线的回归方程为：A=0．00573＋0．048C（r=0．9998）．检测限为3～15μg／mL．回收率为99％～102％,RSD为0．89％（n=5）,该方法操作简单,灵敏度高,可以推广使用．     

气相色谱法同时测定饮用水中多种有机氯及拟除虫菊酯类农药残留量

气相色谱法同时测定水中多种有机氯及拟除虫菊酯类农药。对水质监测分析结果：有机氯农药的检测限0．001-0．003μg·mL^-1,拟除虫菊酯类农药检测限0．008～0．02μg·mL^-,线性相关系数0．9978～0．9999。用石油醚-正已烷（3＋1）提取,有机氯农药回收率94．2％-124．0％,相对标准偏差为3．27％。8．78％（n=5）;拟除虫菊酯类农药回收率95．2％-118．3％,相时标准偏差为5．70％～7．12％（n=5）;方法用于水样品中农药残留测定,结果满意。     

堇青石蜂窝陶瓷载体涂层的制备研究

以拟薄水铝石为原料,HNO2为胶溶剂,制备AlOOH溶胶,并对堇青石蜂窝陶瓷载体进行涂覆．研究了拟薄水铝石含量以及HNO3的加入量对溶胶粘度、稳定性和涂层涂覆量的影响;比表面积法（BET法）测定堇青石蜂窝陶瓷载体涂层的比表面积;超声波振荡检测了氧化铝涂层的结合牢固度．结果表明,当拟薄水铝石质量分数为5％～8％,n（H^＋）／n（AlOOH）=0．06～0．10时,可制得稳定的溶胶,且随着拟薄水铝石含量或HNO3加入量的增加,溶胶的粘度增加,涂层的涂覆量增大,拟薄水铝石含量对涂层的重现性及牢固度影响较小．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.