细粒滑石对孔雀石硫化浮选的影响

通过浮选试验发现细粒滑石的加入降低了孔雀石的硫化浮选可浮性,细粒滑石含量越多,对孔雀石的可浮性影响越大;通过Zeta电位测试、吸附量测试、SEM-EDS分析和EDLVO理论计算研究分析了细粒滑石影响孔雀石硫化浮选的原因.结果表明:适量的Na₂S在孔雀石矿物表面的吸附是其硫化-黄药浮选成功的关键,而细粒滑石会吸附罩盖在孔雀石矿物表面,且滑石矿物表面不会发生Na₂S的吸附,因此,细粒滑石减弱了孔雀石矿物表面的硫化效果,使其可浮性降低.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

稠油硫酸盐热化学还原生成H2S实验研究

为了研究稠油注汽热采过程中生成H₂S机理，以Na₂SO₄，CaSO₄，MgSO₄，Fe₂（SO₄）₃，Al₂（SO₄）₃与稠油硫酸盐热化学还原（TSR）实验为基础，探究稠油TSR生成H₂S机理。实验表明，不同硫酸盐与稠油反应生成H₂S不尽相同，硫酸盐的阳离子所带电荷数决定TSR反应程度的难易，电荷数越多越容易进行反应，且H₂S生成量顺序为Al₂（SO₄）₃>Fe₂（SO₄）₃ > MgSO₄ > CaSO₄ > Na₂SO₄，但生成的烃量顺序为Fe₂（SO₄）₃ > Al₂（SO₄）₃ > MgSO₄ > CaSO₄ > Na₂SO₄。与其他硫酸盐不同的是，由于Fe₂（SO₄）₃的氧化性，Fe³⁺可能与生成的H₂S进一步反应。通过傅里叶红外变换光谱（FT-IR）对固相检测发现，不仅存在金属氧化物（CaO，MgO，Fe₂O₃，Al₂O₃）还存在FeS₂。最后，通过对MgSO₄油相硫含量的检测发现，反应后硫含量高于原油硫含量，证明了无机硫向有机硫的转化。     

氨法脱硫中亚硫酸铵的氧化工艺参数

通过改变亚硫酸铵初始浓度、硫酸铵初始浓度、反应温度、混合液pH值、空气流量、催化剂浓度, 研究氨法脱硫中亚硫酸铵氧化率的变化. 结果表明: (NH₄)₂SO₃的浓度与 (NH₄)₂SO₃的氧化率成反比关系; 初始 (NH₄)₂SO₄浓度越大, (NH₄)₂SO₃氧化率越低; 当反应温度为40~60 ℃时, 随着温度的升高,  (NH₄)₂SO₃的氧化率不断增大;  (NH₄)₂SO₃氧化率受混合溶液pH值的影响, 较合适的pH值为5.5; 当空气流量为100~400 L/h时, 随着空气流量的增大,  (NH₄)₂SO₃的氧化率增大; 随着催化剂CoSO₄浓度升高,  (NH₄)₂SO₃氧化率增大.结合氨法脱硫工程实例考虑, 当反应温度控制在50 ℃ 左右, (NH₄)₂SO₃采用低浓度氧化, 混合液pH值为5.5, 空气流量为300 L/h, 催化剂浓度较高时, (NH₄)₂SO₃的氧化率较高.     

丁基钠黄药浮选斑铜矿的吸附热力学和动力学研究

研究了斑铜矿的浮选行为，并通过吸附量测试、红外光谱、吸附动力学及热力学计算研究丁基钠黄药(简称NaBX)在斑铜矿表面的吸附机理.斑铜矿在pH为5~9时可浮性较好，药剂在矿物表面的吸附属Freundlich模型的多分子层吸附;当 pH 为12时可浮性差，属于Lamgmuir模型的单分层吸附.NaBX在矿物表面吸附符合二阶动力学方程，是自发进行的化学吸附过程，通过热力学计算得出pH 为9时的吸附反应比pH为12时更容易发生.红外光谱测试表明，当pH为5~9时NaBX在斑铜矿表面的吸附产物为Cu(BX)₂，Fe(BX)₃和(BX)₂，而当pH为12时的吸附产物为Cu(BX)₂.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

Electrochemical and analytical characterization of three corrosion inhibitors of steel in simulated concrete pore solutions

Corrosion inhibitors for steel, such as sodium phosphate (Na₃PO₄), sodium nitrite (NaNO₂), and benzotriazole (BTA), in simulated concrete pore solutions (saturated Ca(OH)₂) were investigated. Corrosion behaviors of steel in different solutions were studied by means of corrosion potential (E_corr), linear polarization resistance (LPR), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP). A field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) was used for observing the microstructures and morphology of corrosion products of steel. The results indicate that, compared with the commonly used nitrite-based inhibitors, Na₃PO₄ is not a good inhibitor, while BTA may be a potentially effective inhibitor to prevent steel from corrosion in simulated concrete pore solutions.     

原位光反应法合成过氧桥连草酸铀酰配合物

在室温和实验室灯光照射条件下, 通过原位光化学反应, 分别以乙二胺和二亚乙基三胺为模板, 合成3种过氧桥连的草酸铀酰配合物[NH₃(CH₂)₂NH₃]₃[(UO₂)₂O₂(C₂O₄)₄]·4H₂O (1), [NH₃(CH₂)₂NH₂(CH₂)₂NH₃]₂[(UO₂)₂O₂(C₂O₄)₄]·2H₂O (2)和[NH₃(CH₂)₂NH₂(CH₂)₂NH₃]₂[(UO₂)₂O₂(C₂O₄)₄] (3)。借助单晶X射线衍射、拉曼光谱(Raman)、粉末X射线衍射(PXRD)和热重分析(TGA), 对配合物的结构及其性质进行表征和分析。1和2中U-O₂-U二面角为180°, 而通常过氧配合物的过氧二面角小于180°。2和3中过氧键的键长比正常的过氧键长短, 其中2更接近超氧键的键长, 但价态和拉曼图谱都表明其为过氧键。     

蝌蚪状类弹性蛋白多肽相变特性分析

为研究不同盐类型及浓度对蝌蚪状ELPs₄₀相变特性的影响,探究霍夫曼斯特(Hofmeister)离子序中阴、阳离子对蝌蚪状ELPs₄₀相变温度的影响,通过设计、表达和纯化后,获得由谍标签/捕谍器(SpyTag/SpyCatcher),以及由40个重复的线性类弹性蛋白多肽所形成的2个蝌蚪型结构的ELPs₄₀.结果表明:蝌蚪状ELPs₄₀相变温度比ELPs₈₀相变温度高1.35 ℃;阴离子对蝌蚪状ELPs₄₀相变温度的影响符合Hofmeister离子序现象,但NH₄⁺,K⁺,Na⁺等阳离子却发生逆Hofmeister离子序现象;在NaCl,Na₂SO₄,NaNO₃,K₂SO₄,KCl,KNO₃,NH₄Cl,NH₄NO₃,(NH₄)₂SO₄等不同浓度缓冲液中,蝌蚪状ELPs₄₀发生相变所需的温度范围显著高于线性ELPs₄₀,这与其特殊的结构密切相关.     

Reaction condition optimization and kinetic investigation of roasting zinc oxide ore using (NH<Subscript>4</Subscript>)<Subscript>2</Subscript>SO<Subscript>4</Subscript>

An orthogonal test was used to optimize the reaction conditions of roasting zinc oxide ore using (NH₄)₂SO₄. The optimized reaction conditions are defined as an (NH₄)₂SO₄/zinc molar ratio of 1.4:1, a roasting temperature of 440°C, and a thermostatic time of 60 min. The molar ratio of (NH₄)₂SO₄/zinc is the most predominant factor and the roasting temperature is the second significant factor that governs the zinc extraction. Thermogravimetric–differential thermal analysis was used for (NH₄)₂SO₄ and zinc mixed in a molar ratio of 1.4:1 at the heating rates of 5, 10, 15, and 20 K·min-1. Two strong endothermic peaks indicate that the complex chemical reactions occur at approximately 290°C and 400°C. XRD analysis was employed to examine the transformations of mineral phases during roasting process. Kinetic parameters, including reaction apparent activation energy, reaction order, and frequency factor, were calculated by the Doyle–Ozawa and Kissinger methods. Corresponding to the two endothermic peaks, the kinetic equations were obtained.     

季铵盐阳离子的Waugh型化合物的合成与表征

以(NH₄)₆［MnMo₉O₃₂］为前体原料,采用常规的水溶液法与四甲(乙)氯化铵反应制备了2种含有混合阳离子的Waugh型钼酸盐(NH₄)₄［N(CH₃)₄］₂［MnMo₉O₃₂］·9H₂O(化合物1)和(NH₄)₄［N(CH₂CH₃)₄］₂［MnMo₉O₃₂］·7H₂O(化合物2),用元素分析、红外光谱、热重分析对其进行了表征,并对化合物1进行了单晶结构测定,化合物1属于单斜晶系,C2/c空间群,a=2.379(11)nm,b=1.186(5)nm,c=1.600(7)nm,β=102.308(4)°,V=4.413(3)nm³,Z=4,Dc=2.460 g/cm³,R₁=0.041 8,wR₂=0.117 5(I>2σ),GOF=1.058.对化合物的形成规律探索发现:季铵盐与(NH₄)₆MnMo₉O₃₂的物质的量之比为3∶1,易形成单晶.对化合物1和2光催化降解亚甲基蓝模拟废水进行了探索,光催化90 min和180 min时脱色率分别达到95.96%和85.64%,表明化合物1和2对亚甲基蓝染料废水均具有良好的光催化活性.     

Facile synthesis of composite polyferric magnesium–silicate–sulfate coagulant with enhanced performance in water and wastewater

The coagulation process is a widely applied technology in water and wastewater treatment. Novel composite polyferric magnesium–silicate–sulfate(PFMS) coagulants were synthesized using Na₂SiO₃·9H₂O, Fe₂(SO₄)₃, and MgSO₄ as raw materials in this paper.The effects of aging time, Fe:Si:Mg, and OH:M molar ratios(Mrepresents the metalions) on the coagulation performance of the as-prepared PFMS were systematically investigated...     

矿浆中金属离子对蓝晶石矿物浮选行为的影响

通过蓝晶石、石英及黑云母的浮选实验,研究了金属离子对矿物浮选行为的影响.实验结果表明:Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺显著活化蓝晶石的浮选,Al³⁺及Fe³⁺对蓝晶石及石英表现很强的抑制作用.浮选溶液化学分析表明,Fe³⁺,Al³⁺可以在矿物表面生成Fe(OH)₃和Al(OH)₃,使矿物浮选受到强烈的抑制;Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺由于羟基络合物存在使蓝晶石的零电点向低pH方向发生漂移,使十二胺的静电吸附力增强,起到活化作用.根据波耳兹曼矢量场中的粒子分布理论,通过计算Fe³⁺对矿物作用前后在不同pH条件下液相内部胺离子(RNH⁺₃)浓度、界面层胺离子的浓度以及比例关系来分析金属离子的活化或抑制作用机理.     

利用异丁基碘化铵表面钝化法提高Cs0.1(CH3NH3)0.9PbI3钙钛矿太阳能电池的效率

本文通过使用异丁基碘化铵 (IBA)对Cs_0.1(CH₃NH₃)_0.9PbI₃ 薄膜进行表面钝化来提高Cs_0.1(CH₃NH₃)_0.9PbI₃太阳能电池器件的效率。首先采用 FTO/SnO₂/Cs_0.1(CH₃NH₃)_0.9PbI₃（FTO，即氟掺杂氧化锡）和 IBA/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag制备了n–i–p 结构的钙钛矿太阳能电池器件。然后，系统地研究了不同重量的 IBA 钝化对 Cs 掺杂钙钛矿太阳能电池 (PSC) 的影响，并与未钝化的器件进行了比较。研究发现，使用 5-mg IBA 钝化器件的功率转换效率 (PCE)为15.49%，高于非 IBA 钝化器件的12.64% 。同时，与 Cs 掺杂器件相比， 5-mg IBA 钝化器件的光伏参数明显得到改善。此外，晶体结构中PbI₂相的减少、较低的电荷复合率、较低的电荷转移电阻和改善的钙钛矿薄膜接触角等结果进一步证实了IBA钝化器件具备更好性能。因此，对Cs_0.1(CH₃NH₃)_0.9PbI₃进行 IBA 钝化是提高 Cs 掺杂钙钛矿太阳能电池效率的有前景的技术。     

2种稀土Eu3+,Tb3+配合物的合成与其光致发光性质

设计合成新的三齿有机配体4-（4’-咔唑-9基-丁基氧）-吡啶-2,6-二甲酸（H₂CBODPA）,并以此为配体合成配合物Na₃Eu（CBODPA）₃和Na₃Tb（CBODPA）₃.通过对有机配体分子结构的调控,稀土Eu³⁺和Tb³⁺有机配合物的激发波长明显地向长波长方向移动,与吡啶-2,6-二甲酸配合物的激发波长相比,其有效激发波长向长波长方向移动约70 nm.Na₃Eu（CBODPA）₃和Na₃Tb（CBODPA）₃在近紫外光（350 nm）的激发下,分别得到较强的特征红色发光(Eu³⁺)和特征绿色发光(Tb³⁺).研究结果对合成长波长激发的稀土有机发光探针提供理论依据和应用参考价值.     

Efficient and selective recovery of Ni,Cu, and Co from low-nickel matte via a hydrometallurgical process

Low-nickel matte was intensively characterized, and Ni, Cu, and Co were determined to exist mainly as (Fe,Ni)₉S₈ and FeNi₃, Cu₅FeS₄, and (Fe,Ni)₉S₈ and Fe₃O₄ (in isomorphic form), respectively. The efficient and selective extraction of Ni, Cu, and Co from the low-nickel matte in an (NH₄)₂S₂O₈/NH₃·H₂O solution system was studied. The effects of (NH₄)₂S₂O₈ and NH₃·H₂O concentrations, leaching time, and leaching temperature on the metal extraction efficiency were systematically investigated. During the oxidative ammonia leaching process, the metal extraction efficiencies of Ni 81.07%, Cu 93.81%, and Co 71.74% were obtained under the optimal conditions. The relatively low leaching efficiency of Ni was mainly ascribed to NiFe alloy deactivation in ammonia solution. By introducing an acid pre-leaching process into the oxidative ammonia leaching process, we achieved the high extraction efficiencies of 98.03%, 99.13%, and 85.60% for the valuable metals Ni, Cu, and Co, respectively, from the low-nickel matte.     

液相法制备纳米氧化锌的研究(Ⅰ)

以 ZnSO₄•7H₂O 和( NH₄) ₂CO₃ 为原料,添加表面活性剂, 在室温下、水溶液中沉淀出碳酸锌胶状沉淀, 经洗涤干燥后在200 热分解, 得到纳米氧化锌粉末,经XRD和TEM检测,粒径为5.7 nm.     

溶液体系中含锌矿物表面硫化研究

以硫化钠为硫化剂,研究不同条件下3种含锌矿物(闪锌矿、菱锌矿、异极矿)表面的硫化机制以及硫化后矿物表面性质。研究结果表明:在常温情况下,硫化钠难以对菱锌矿和异极矿表面进行有效硫化,其主要原因是在矿物表面发生的硫化反应并不充分,且生成的硫化物结晶程度差;通过添加金属铅离子可以显著改善硫化过程,被硫化的菱锌矿和异极矿在黄药为捕收剂的浮选体系中均具有很好的可浮性;Pb~(2+)与在硫化后矿物表面生成PbS,从而强化硫化过程,促进黄药在矿物表面的吸附。     

pH值对水热合成纳米钒酸铟的影响及表征

探讨了pH值对水热法合成纳米InVO₄的影响.以InCl₃、NH₄VO₃为原料于150 ℃下反应4 h,水热合成纳米InVO₄,以NH₃·H₂O和盐酸调节反应体系的pH值,以XRD,FTIR为表征手段对产物进行表征,考察了反应体系pH值分别为6.0,7.0,8.0时对产物生成的影响.结果表明：pH值对纳米InVO₄的生成具有影响,在pH值为7.0时,可制得纯度较高的正交相纳米InVO₄,而pH为6.0时得到的是InVO₄和In(OH)₃的混合物,pH为8.0时得到的是In(OH)₃.     

［Ni(phen) 3］2［Ni(PO4)2(H2PO4)6(OH)6(MoO2)12］的合成和晶体结构

利用中温水热技术合成一种新型还原型钼磷酸盐： ［Ni(phen) ₃］₂［Ni(PO₄)₂(H₂PO₄)6(OH)₆(MoO₂)₁₂］(phen: 邻菲啰啉), 并通过单晶X射线衍射技术测定了该化合物的晶体结构.该化合物属于三斜晶系, P1空间群, 晶胞参数: a=1.404 2(3) nm, b=1.405 0(3) nm, c=1.408 2(3) nm, α=74.53(3)°, β=74.72(3)°,γ=74.81(3)°, V=2.527 6(9) nm3, Z=1, R1=0.076 2, wR2=0.168 6.