基于核主元分析和动态递归模糊神经网络的软测量建模

针对软测量建模过程中的误差数据剔除、特征提取,及模型的动态辨识问题,提出基于核主元分析和动态递归模糊神经网络软测量建模方法.首先,利用样本间马氏距离进行样本相似程度分析,去除样本中错误数据以确保数据质量;然后利用核主元分析提取系统的非线性主元,作为动态递归模糊神经网络的输入;最后利用新样本数据训练动态递归模糊神经网络.将该方法应用于赖氨酸发酵过程的产物浓度预测,仿真结果表明该方法具有较高的预测精度,满足现场测量要求.     

基于PSO-FNN逆的青霉素发酵软测量方法

青霉素发酵过程是一个严重非线性、时变、复杂的动态过程,发酵过程中一些关键参数(如菌体质量浓度ρX、基质质量浓度ρS和产物质量浓度(ρP)难以通过常规仪表在线测量,这些参数的获取非常耗时和困难。提出一种基于粒子群模糊神经网络逆(PSO-FNN逆)的软测量方法。首先给出青霉素发酵过程数学模型,然后根据逆系统理论证明其可逆性,在此基础上构建基于PSO-FNN逆的青霉素发酵软测量模型,最后通过仿真验证该方法性能。仿真结果表明:PSO-FNN逆的青霉素发酵软测量方法能够结合基于发酵机制和纯数据驱动2种软测量方法的优点,对不直接可测的关键参数实现在线软测量,较PSO-BPNN逆和PSO-BPNN软测量方法具有更高的预测精度和更强的预测能力。     

基于OPC技术和果蝇优化广义回归神经网络的海洋蛋白酶发酵过程软测量

鉴于海洋生物酶发酵过程中关键生物参数难以实时在线测量的问题,提出了一种基于果蝇优化算法(Fruit fly optimization algorithm,FOA)的广义回归神经网络(Generalized regression neural network,GRNN)与面向过程控制的对象链接与嵌入技术相结合的软测量方法。GRNN的非线性映射能力强、学习速度快,但GRNN的预测性能受平滑因子的影响比较大,因此利用FOA对GRNN的平滑因子进行寻优,以提高模型的泛化能力,采用OPC技术可以实现MATLAB和组态王之间的数据通讯,将预测的关键生物参数值传送给组态王进行实时显示与存储。通过采集海洋蛋白酶发酵过程的实验数据,建立基于FOA优化GRNN的海洋蛋白酶发酵过程关键生物参数(菌体质量浓度、基质质量浓度、酶活)的软测量模型,并与GRNN、BP神经网络、支持向量机(Support vector machine,SVM)进行对比。结果表明,基于FOA优化GRNN的软测量模型对训练样本的拟合能力和对测试样本的预测能力都远远超过GRNN、BP神经网络和SVM,通过OPC技术将MATLAB和组态王进行数据连接,实现了生物参数的实时在线测量,且系统运行的稳定性较好。     

基于PSO-ANN逆的发酵过程软测量建模

针对发酵过程中一些关键生化参量难以通过常规仪表实时测量,而制约发酵生产过程优化控制的问题,提出一种基于粒子群神经网络逆(PSO-ANN逆)的发酵软测量建模方法.以青霉素发酵过程为背景,首先建立其虚拟子系统数学模型,并构建发酵过程逆模型;其次,提出PSO-ANN逆的软测量实现方法,以克服解析法逆运算的复杂性甚至难于实现的问题;最终构建PSO-ANN逆软测量模型,并进行试验及仿真.结果表明:该软测量建模方法能够将机理建模与数据驱动建模方法相结合,充分利用对象模型的先验知识和经验数据,有效解决了青霉素发酵过程中不可在线测量的关键参量实时测量难题,其训练和测试误差分别达到0.037 2和0.046 1,模型具有较高的预测精度和较强的预测能力.     

混合智能在递归神经网络软测量中的应用

针对机理不清且具有复杂非线性关系的过程对象,提出一种基于混合智能的递归神经网络的数据驱动软测量建模方法。利用主元分析处理输入变量之间的共线性问题,设计了Hammerstein模型与递归神经网络的混合结构,用于描述过程对象的非线性和动态关系。为了使模型参数估计达到全局最优,提出了基于收缩粒子群优化算法的参数学习算法,不仅能够实现模型参数的更新,而且能够保证建模误差最小化。通过某氧化铝氯酸钠溶液组分浓度软测量问题中的实际应用表明:混合智能方法有效。     

软测量技术在发酵过程中的应用研究

针对木糖醇发酵过程中关键参数在线测量难问题,建立基于均匀设计（UD）和遗传算法（GA）和神经网络（NNs)结构法,实现其在线软测量,实验表明,该模型可实现在线测量。     

GA-BP网络在谷氨酸菌体浓度软测量中的应用

针对菌体细胞浓度是影响谷氨酸发酵过程重要的生物参数,而其在线实时检测难以实现的状况,采用遗传算法和BP神经网络相结合的方法(GA-BP网络)对其进行软测量。通过对谷氨酸生产工艺过程的分析,找到影响菌体细胞浓度的过程参数,从现场历史数据中选取样本,建立软测量模型。仿真结果表明:新方法可以避免单独使用BP网络陷入局部最小的问题,能加快全局收敛速度,对谷氨酸发酵过程菌体浓度的软测量效果更好。     

基于相关向量机的赖氨酸反应过程参数软测量

针对支持向量机(SVM)计算复杂度高、参数不容易确定等局限性,提出一种基于相关向量机(RVM)的赖氨酸反应过程关键参量的软测量方法.根据过程经验,确定发酵液的溶解氧浓度、pH值、二氧化碳释放率、氧吸收率和葡萄糖流加速率为辅助变量,利用相关支持向量机的拟合与泛化能力,建立了赖氨酸反应过程基质浓度、菌体浓度、产物浓度等不可直接测量参量的软测量模型.基于L-赖氨酸反应过程开展的试验研究表明:所建立的相关向量机软测量模型拟合精度高、泛化能力强,较好地满足了赖氨酸反应过程的控制要求.     

基于PSO-SVR的发酵过程状态预估模型

针对发酵过程中生物参数难以实时在线测量的问题,建立了用于生物参数状态预估的支持向量机软测量模型。考虑到该支持向量回归（SVR）模型的复杂性和冷化特征取决于其三个参数ε,c,γ能否取到最优值,采用粒子群优化（PSO）算法实现对参数ε,c,γ的同时寻优。在此基础上,以饲料用β-甘露聚糖酶为对象,建立了基于PSO-SVR的发酵过程产物浓度状态预估模型。发酵罐控制结果表明：该模型具有很好的学习精度和泛化能力,可实现对β-甘露聚糖酶产物浓度的实时在线预估。     

基于PCA和LS-SVM的软测量建模与应用

针对工业过程中某些重要过程变量难以实现实时在线检测和高维数据处理的问题,提出了将主元分析与最小二乘支持向量机相结合的软测量建模方法,并利用该方法建立了工业阿维菌素发酵过程中的菌丝浓度软测量模型.主元分析方法的引入,有效地提高了最小二乘支持向量机软测量模型的精度和泛化能力.应用结果表明,该方法与基于径向基函数神经网络软测量模型相比具有有效性和优越性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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