烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

含钛高炉炉渣微波合成碳化钛及其介电性能测定

The preparation of functional material titanium carbide by the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag with microwave heating is an effective method for valuable metals recovery; it can alleviate the environmental pressure caused by slag stocking. The dynamic dielectric parameters of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag/pulverized coal mixture under high-temperature heating are measured by the cylindrical resonant cavity perturbation method. Combining the transient dipole and large π bond delocalization polarization phenomena, the interaction mechanism of the microwave macroscopic non-thermal effect on the titanium carbide synthesis reaction was revealed. The material thickness range during microwave heating was optimized by the joint analysis of penetration depth and reflection loss, which is of great significance to the design of the microwave reactor for the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag.     

聚乙烯粉末粒度及粒度分布测定的研究

用乙醇做分散介质,用激光粒度测定仪测定三个聚乙烯粉末试样的粒度及粒度分布,测试快速、准确。试验结果令人满意。     

Al—Li合金中δ′（Al3Li）颗粒尺寸对位错运动的影响

测定了Al-Li合金不同条件下δ′（Al3Li）相的颗粒半径和体积分数，研究了δ′颗粒尺寸及体积分数对位错运动方式的作用。结果表明，如果δ′颗粒的平均尺寸小于临界尺寸，δ′颗粒被位错切割，反之，则形成奥罗万（Orowan）位错环；当相同伯氏矢量的成对位错切割δ′颗粒时，会消除先行位错形成的反相畴界，当不同柏氏矢量的成本对位错切割δ′颗粒时，需要增大外力，这使得合金的强度得到进一步提高。     

粒径计颗粒级配分析的泥沙群团沉降规律

提出了泥沙群团分层沉降理论,确定了粒径计沉降速度与分层沉降速度和自然沉降速度的关系,得到了粗泥沙粒径相关以及细泥沙百分相关的关系,从理论上解决了粒径计相关计算的问题,使得粒径计颗粒理论得以完善。     

颗粒粒径的光散射法测量研究

系统论述了测量颗粒粒径常用的几种光散射法,分别是衍射法、全散射法、角散射法和光子相关光谱法,对于颗粒粒径测量技术的发展,具有一定借鉴价值。     

悬浮交联共聚物的粒度分布

以明胶为分散剂,Ｎ,Ｎ’－亚甲基双丙烯酰胺（双ＡＭ）为交联剂,进行了甲基丙烯酸甲酯（ＭＭＡ）和丙烯酸甲酯（ＭＡ）的悬浮交联共聚合反应,研究了分散剂、引发剂、交联剂用量搅拌转速水油比及单体配比对聚合物粒径分布的影响．     

磨矿过程产品粒度软测量的比较研究

磨矿粒度(GPS)难以进行直接在线检测且化验过程滞后,必须采用软测量技术对其进行在线估计以及在此基础上的闭环控制.针对一个实际的两段式磨矿回路流程,分别基于多元回归、案例推理(CBR)和神经网络(NN)技术建立了三种磨矿粒度软测量模型,并对其进行了基于工业试验的比较研究.结果表明,基于CBR的磨矿粒度软测量方法优于BP神经网络软测量(BP-NN)方法和多元回归模型估计方法.     

粒度分布对赤铁矿浮选的影响

以赤铁矿为研究对象,通过浮选试验、扩展的DLVO(EDLVO)理论和凝聚动力学研究了粒度分布(粒径小于18μm的微细粒比例)对赤铁矿浮选的影响.浮选结果表明赤铁矿的浮选回收率与粒度的大小和分布有关,粗粒(粒径大于18μm)赤铁矿的粒度较大时或粒度分布均衡时(微细粒与粗粒含量接近)浮选回收率较高.EDLVO理论计算表明微细粒赤铁矿与粗粒赤铁矿之间存在吸引力,且吸引力的大小与粗粒粒度正相关;凝聚动力学分析表明粒度分布均衡时颗粒间的凝聚速率较大.这是粒度分布对赤铁矿的浮选回收率产生影响的主要原因.     

纳米碳化钨粉体的粒度表征

以工业化生产设备制备纳米碳化钨粉,采用X射线衍射谱(XRD)、比表面积法(BET)、冷场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、激光动态光散射仪对样品的物相、粒度及其分布进行表征,探讨其测量原理.实验结果表明:纳米碳化钨粉的平均颗粒尺寸为90 nm,大多数近似球形,也有一部分呈多角形.为了能更准确地测量纳米碳化钨粉颗粒的粒径,分散剂中的样品要有较好的分散,才能破坏团聚体,同时纳米碳化钨粉颗粒的形状对激光动态光散射仪的测量结果具有重要的影响.     

缸内直喷汽油机颗粒物粒径分布特性

采用DMS500快速颗粒取样分析仪对一台缸内直喷国Ⅳ汽油机进行了颗粒物粒径分布特性的试验研究．结果表明：缸内直喷汽油机排气颗粒物呈包括核态和积聚态颗粒物的双峰分布,仅怠速工况呈核态单峰分布．随转速升高,总颗粒物数浓度在部分负荷下逐渐降低,外特性先降低后升高;随负荷增加,总颗粒物数浓度在中、低负荷下逐渐降低,满负荷时急剧增加．随转速升高,核态颗粒物在部分负荷速度特性下数密度峰值逐渐降低,外特性下先降低后增加;积聚态颗粒物数密度峰值逐渐降低．随负荷增加,核态颗粒物数密度峰值在中、低负荷时逐渐降低,满负荷时增加;积聚态颗粒物数密度峰值在中、低负荷时先升高后降低,满负荷时最高．     

爆炸烧结中金属粉末颗粒的尺寸效应

采用环状飞片柱面收缩爆炸方法,研究了FT15高速钢粉末在冲击波作用下,因粉末粒度的差异而引起的颗粒效应:在动态冲击载荷的作用下金属细粉比粗粉吸收的能量多,温度高,致使细粉比粗粉表层更易熔化,熔化量也相对增加。同时发现在FT15高速钢混合粉爆炸烧结后粉末中的大颗粒与小颗粒的变形规律不同。