无花果栽培品种遗传多样性分析及SSR指纹图谱构建

【目的】近几年国内引进了很多的无花果新品种,但是仅依靠表型性状不能准确地区分相似品种,因此从DNA分子水平上进行无花果品种的分类和鉴定。【方法】利用SSR分子标记技术对30个无花果品种进行遗传多样性分析和DNA指纹图谱构建。【结果】7对SSR引物在30个无花果品种中共扩增得到了24条清晰条带,平均观察等位基因数(N_a)为3.43、有效等位基因数(N_e)为3.025 6、Shannon信息指数(I)为1.126 6,多态性信息含量指数(PIC)变化从0.682 8到0.892 5,平均为0.816 4。遗传相似系数在0.291 7～1.000 0之间,平均相似系数为0.629 4,表明实验的品种间存在差异。在相似系数为0.59时将30个无花果品种分为4类。同时构建了30个无花果品种的SSR指纹图谱。【结论】基于SSR分子标记技术建立起来的无花果指纹图谱能够有效区分无花果相似品种,可以为无花果新品种的选育和品种鉴定提供科学依据。     

柳杉无性系指纹图谱的构建及遗传多样性分析

【目的】为了构建柳杉无性系的DNA指纹图谱,准确区分柳杉无性系。【方法】利用SSR标记分析了柳杉89个无性系的遗传多样性和指纹图谱。【结果】11对引物共检测出53个等位点,平均每个SSR位点有5个,变化范围为3～6个; 有效等位基因数(N_e)变化范围为1.887 0～4.295 6,平均为3.041 1; Shannon信息指数(I)变化范围为0.774 9～1.556 3,平均为1.208 1。表明SSR标记具有较高的多态性。根据SSR标记特点及引物的顺序,将SSR引物扩增统计的“0”、“1”转换成基因型,通过不同基因型组合,构建了柳杉89个无性系的 DNA 分子指纹图谱,使每个无性系都获得了 1 个 22 位数的指纹图谱号码,同时基于个体间的遗传距离将柳杉89个无性系分为 5 类。【结论】SSR标记适用于柳杉无性系遗传多样性分析及鉴定,柳杉的遗传多态性处于中等偏高水平。     

基于SSR标记构建宝巾花品种的分子指纹

【目的】针对宝巾花(Bougainvillea)品种繁多、同物异名和同名异物多有发生的现象,利用可靠的分子标记技术进行品种的有效分类。【方法】基于15个简单重复序列(SSR)位点,利用荧光标记的引物对131个宝巾花品种进行PCR扩增,扩增产物经毛细管电泳检测,分析品种多样性和遗传距离,并构建品种聚类图和指纹图谱。【结果】15个SSR位点共扩增出85个等位基因,平均每个位点的等位片段数5.60个,Shannon’s 信息指数、观测杂合度和期望杂合度的变化范围分别为0.38~1.53、0.11~0.94和0.16~0.73,平均值分别为1.04、0.50和0.57,位点的多态性信息量介于0.15~0.69之间,平均0.51。宝巾花品种的遗传距离为0.00~0.65,平均0.33;聚类分析表明,同一种的品种大多数聚在一类,但同一个种仍有品种未聚在一类或亚类,也有多个种的品种聚在一类;有多对品种存在同物异名或同名异物的现象;基于11个位点可有效鉴别131个品种,建立了各品种的分子指纹图谱。【结论】对同物异名或同名异物的品种,需要进一步确认品种中文名或拉丁名;基于SSR标记的宝巾花品种的指纹图谱为宝巾花品种登记、注册和知识产权保护提供了可靠技术,也为品种鉴定提供了有效手段。     

西藏石榴野生群体的SSR遗传多样性分析

【目的】调查西藏地区野生石榴种质资源,分析西藏野生石榴群体的遗传多样性和遗传结构,为野生石榴资源的保护和利用提供理论依据。【方法】使用13对SSR引物对3个自然群体共42份西藏地区野生石榴种质资源材料DNA进行PCR扩增,毛细管电泳检测扩增片段长度,使用GenAlEx和Arlequin等软件对SSR数据进行分析。【结果】13对引物共检测到44个等位基因,平均3.385个,引物的平均有效等位基因数(N_e)、香农信息指数(I)、期望杂合度(H_e)和多态信息量(PIC)分别为1.971、0.771、0.481和0.393。3个野生群体的平均有效等位基因数(N_e)、平均香农信息指数(I)和平均期望杂合度(H_e)分别为1.867、0.646和0.421,林芝b(LZb)群体的遗传多样性水平高于其他2个群体。AMOVA分析表明,群体内遗传变异高达88.43%,3个群体间的遗传分化系数(F_st)为0.116。种质聚类分析将供试种质划分为3个亚群,结果与种质地理来源具有一定关联性。遗传结构分析显示西藏野生石榴有4个可能的基因库来源。【结论】13对SSR引物可用于西藏野生石榴种质的遗传多样性等研究。西藏野生石榴种质的遗传变异主要存在于群体内;林芝b(LZb)群体遗传多样性最高,遗传结构复杂,且含有最多的野生种质采样点,可予以优先保护。     

把柳和簸算柳候选杂交亲本SSR指纹分析

利用微卫星( SSR) 分子标记技术对把柳( Salix integra Thunb) 和簸龚柳( Salix suchowensis Cheng) 的杂交亲本进行D NA指纹图谱分析。从496对杨树( Populus) SSR 标记中筛选出23 对多态性较丰富的标记, 共检测到 101 个等位基因位点, 平均有效等位基因数为2.2199 0 引物ORNL_312、ORNL_308 、ORNL_464 在指纹图谱分析中的效率较高O利用16对核心引物的指纹组合可将所有78个祀柳和1 9个簸龚柳杂交亲本完全区分开来,并据此绘制了祀柳和簸集柳杂交亲本的SS R -DNA 指纹图谱, 同时利用9 ,5 和7 对引物分别构建了祀柳1 -27 、祀柳2 8 -78 及19 个簸龚柳的指纹图谱O。     

两个南方红豆杉天然居群的交配系统分析

【目的】研究南方红豆杉(Taxus wallichiana var.mairei)天然居群的交配系统，揭示浙江龙泉和江西分宜天然居群的交配机制以及亲代间的遗传多样性差异，为南方红豆杉的科学保育和遗传资源有效利用提供理论参考。【方法】以浙江龙泉和江西分宜天然居群亲代及其子代为研究对象，运用12对SSR引物对71个亲代及8个采种母株的104个子代进行分析。【结果】参试的浙江龙泉和江西分宜居群亲代的等位基因数(N_a)皆为7,2个参试居群的有效等位基因数(N_e)分别为4.831和3.552,浙江龙泉居群较江西分宜居群高出1.279个有效等位基因。2个参试居群的观测杂合度(H_o)均小于期望杂合度(H_e),且固定指数(F)大于0。浙江龙泉居群的等位基因丰富度和私有等位基因丰富度(A_R=4.195,P_A=1.832)皆大于江西分宜居群(A_R=3.576,P_A=1.647)。2个参试居群的遗传多样性略有差异，但仍具有较高的遗传多...     

宝石鲈与淡水黑鲷及其子一代微卫星位点分析

使用11对微卫星引物对杂交父本宝石鲈(Scortum barcoo)和母本淡水黑鲷(Hephaestus fuliginosus)及其子一代胜斑(F1)进行分子遗传机制研究,结果表明:(1)在11个微卫星位点中,淡水黑鲷有10个位点得到扩增产物,F1有9个位点得到扩增产物,而宝石鲈只得到6个位点的扩增产物,5个位点能在3个种类中稳定扩增;(2)宝石鲈、淡水黑鲷及其F1这3个群体在这5个位点中的平均等位基因数(Ao)为2.000 0、3.000 0、2.200 0;平均有效等位基因数(Ae)分别为2.000 0、2.719 8、2.133 3;平均观测杂合度(Ho)均为1.000 0;平均期望杂合度(He)分别为0.545 5、0.672 7、0.572 7;平均多态信息含量(PIC)为0.375 0、0.537 6、0.410 9;平均Shannon信息指数(I)分别为0.693 1、1.022 7、0.762 5;(3)F1与宝石鲈和淡水黑鲷的遗传相似性系数分别为0.974 7和0.839 8,遗传距离分别为0.025 6和0.174 6.根据Nei's遗传距离建立的UPGMA聚类图表明杂交F1与2亲本的遗传差异不是对等的,而是偏向父本宝石鲈一方.     

基于荧光SSR标记的紫薇遗传多样性分析

【目的】以收集的239份紫薇属(Lagerstroemia)种质和1份黄薇属(Heimia)种质为材料,开展种质种间特征分析和紫薇种内资源的遗传多样性分析,为进一步优化紫薇种质资源收集保存及合理利用提供科学依据。【方法】基于16对荧光引物鉴定样品基因型,利用GeneMarker软件进行基因型数据的读取;对239份紫薇属种质和1份黄薇属种质进行特征位点分析;并利用Popgene、Cervus、NTSYS和GenAlEx软件对227份紫薇种质进行遗传多样性参数估算、聚类分析和主成分分析。【结果】紫薇(L.indica)种内的特征位点信息最为丰富,其中15个引物所体现出的特征位点信息中,紫薇都有其独特的位点区别于其他6个种,而在福建紫薇(L.limii)、川黔紫薇(L.excelsa)和尾叶紫薇(L.caudata)中也有部分特异的特征位点是紫薇中没有的;16对紫薇SSR荧光引物共检测出143个等位基因,平均每个位点有8.938个等位基因,平均有效等位基因数(N_e)为3.600,Shannon’s信息指数(I)均值为1.459,观测杂合度(H_o)均...     

基于SSR标记的麻栎天然群体遗传多样性分析

【目的】基于SSR分子标记对麻栎天然群体遗传多样性与遗传结构进行分析,为麻栎种质资源的保护和利用提供理论基础。【方法】以分布于我国7个省8个麻栎天然群体的150个个体为研究对象,利用筛选出的18对SSR引物,使用GenAIEx 6.51、MEGA 7.0.26和Structure 2.3.4等软件,采用AMOVA分析、主成分分析、聚类分析和Structure分析等方法,对麻栎群体及相应个体的遗传多样性、分子方差、遗传距离及遗传结构进行研究。【结果】18个SSR位点的等位基因数(N_a)平均为5.625个,有效等位基因数(N_e)平均为4.104个,Shannon指数(I)平均为1.338,观测杂合度(H_o)平均为0.895,期望杂合度(H_e)平均为0.645,筛选出的18对麻栎SSR引物具有丰富的多态性。8个麻栎群体的遗传距离为0.222~1.587,遗传一致度为0.205~0.801,遗传分化系数(F_st)平均为0.252,基因流(N_m)平均为1.140,固定指数(F)均为负值且平均为-0.441。麻栎群体的遗传多样性水平较高,遗传分化小,且群体间存在杂合子剩余;其98%的变异来自群体内, 2%的变异来自群体间。UPGMA聚类分析、Structure分析均将8个群体分为2组,二者的个体组成成分存在一定差异;主成分分析结果与上述基本一致,存在一定的交叉引种及基因渐渗现象。【结论】麻栎群体遗传多样性水平较高,遗传分化水平较低,遗传差异主要存在于群体内部,并呈现出沿“西南—东北”方向地理变异规律。因此,对麻栎天然群体的保护应该采取原地保护和异地繁育保存相结合的措施。     

口虾蛄转录组微卫星标记开发

采用高通量测序技术获得的口虾蛄转录组测序数据,筛选具有多态性的SSR标记。结果共获得87 355条Unigene,67 657个微卫星位点,其中双碱基重复和三碱基重复的SSR较多,分别有30 235个和17 590个,占总数的44.69%和26%。获得230种重复类型,其中双碱基中的AC/GT重复和三碱基中的AGG/CCT重复是重复次数较多的重复类型。从中挑选碱基重复次数较多的微卫星引物共50对进行合成。用北海24个口虾蛄样品进行验证,获得条带清晰和多态性好的引物6对。6个微卫星位点在口虾蛄北海群体的遗传多样性分析中均表现出较高的多态性。平均有效等位基因数(k)为5.17,观测杂合度(Ho)为0.437 2,平均期望杂合度(He)为0.672 4,多态信息含量为(PIC)为0.602 3,这说明开发的6对SSR标记均适合群体遗传多样性研究。为口虾蛄进一步遗传多样性的研究奠定了基础。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.