生态治理景观树种选择与结构配置研究

生态景观林带是重要的景观资源和生态屏障,是展示区域形象的重要载体。生态景观林的建立可以维护区域的生态安全,发展生态文明,促进生态及经济的可持续发展。生态景观林树种选择的主要依据有:树种的生物特性、观赏特性、生态功能。生态景观林的结构配置要根据不同的具体的区域情况而定。本文就不同区域的生态景观林树种的选择配置进行了分析研究。     

广东省城市生态景观林树种的选择

随着经济的快速发展,环境问题也越来越突出,以广东省为例的一些城市一直在发展经济的同时注重城市生态景观建设,经过长期的不懈努力,广东省的生态建设取得了显著的成就,人们居住环境得到明显的改善。但我们还需要大力发展城市生态景观林建设,这样才能促进经济社会的可持续发展。主要分析了生态景观林树种选择的原则与分类、需要注意的问题等。     

DN113杨生长特性研究初报

通过对DN113杨苗期和试验林生长的调查,分析了DN113杨的生长特性。证明DN113杨是一个速生的欧美杨树种,且生长量高于对照品种小黑杨1倍以上。DN113杨属黑杨派树种,生长快、耐寒性较差,引种栽培地区要重视该品种的生物生态学特性。     

茂兰喀斯特森林林隙树种更新及数量特征

通过对茂兰自然保护区喀斯特森林中林隙和非林隙林分的调查,分析了茂兰喀斯特森林主要乔木树种和幼苗、幼树在林隙内外的数量特征以及灌木对林隙的更新反应规律,根据树种在林隙内外的重要值位序差值把茂兰喀斯特森林主要乔木树种大致划分为5种生态种组:①对林隙有强烈正更新反应的树种;②对林隙有强烈负更新反应的树种;③对林隙有中等正更新反应的树种;④对林隙有中等负更新反应的树种;⑤对林隙更新反应不显著的树种.不同生态种组树种的幼苗在林隙与非林隙斑块中的更新表现出显著的差别.每种灌木在林隙内的密度都非常明显地高于非林隙中,但林隙内大多数灌木的平均高度小于非林隙的.林隙内的树木以幼苗、幼树和小径木为主,中、大径木较少,林隙外的对照林分中虽然也有一定的幼苗幼树和小径木,但与林隙内相比,中、大径木所占的比例相对较高.林隙内的幼苗幼树以阳性树种为主,而中、大径木则以耐荫树种为主.       

茂兰喀斯特森林林隙主要树种的高度生态位

对茂兰自然保护区中喀斯特森林林隙内外主要树种的生态位宽度和生态位重叠进行了研究。结果表明:椤木石楠和巴东荚蒾在林隙内外都占有较高的生态位宽度;生物学特性和生态学特性接近的树种高度生态位重叠较大,反之则较小;云贵鹅耳枥和翅荚香槐的高度生态位重叠在林隙内和非林隙中均较大;在林隙内,光叶榉和圆叶乌桕的高度生态位重叠值最大,而椤木石楠和多脉榆、光叶榉,多脉榆和巴东荚蒾的高度生态位重叠较小;在非林隙内,云贵鹅耳枥和翅荚香槐的高度生态位重叠最大,椤木石楠和多脉榆、光叶榉的高度生态位重叠最小。林隙的存在,削弱了个体生态位重叠值较大的树种间的种间竞争,同时也增强了个体生态位重叠值较小的树种间的种间竞争,从而使森林中物种多样性得以维持。     

永靖县甘蒙柽柳的优良特性及综合效益初探

甘蒙柽柳是永靖县营造水土保持林的先锋树种和优良乡土树种,具有耐寒、耐旱、抗盐碱、抗风沙、抗病虫和生长快、生物量大的优良特性,红柳适应性强,栽植容易,生长迅速,用途很广,群众喜爱,具有较高的生态效益和经济效益。     

长白山红松阔叶林林隙及更新特征

采用样线调查法研究长白山红松阔叶林林隙及其更新特征.结果表明:林中扩展林隙(EG)为57.17%,冠林隙(CG)为19.73%;侧枝填充(CG/EG)在11～20 a对林隙填充作用达到最大,扩散指数Iδ为0.551 7,林隙在红松阔叶林中呈现均匀分布格局;林隙产生速度为0.263个/a,CG干扰速率为0.17%/a,冠林隙干扰的返回间隔期为588.24 a.当EG面积为200～400 m2,林隙形成时间20 a时更新量最高,此后更新总量有下降趋势;林隙内不同位置更新总量变化相似,但更新树种有一定差异.随着林隙形成时间的增大林隙中心阳性树种有减小的趋势,其他位置更新树种以中性和阴性树种为主.当林隙形成时间为21～40 a,扩展林隙面积200 m2时单位面积更新株数量较大,更新量随着林隙面积的增大逐渐减小.随着面积的增大林隙中心阴性树种有减小的趋势,其他位置更新树种以中性和阴性树种为主.     

南靖和溪南亚热带雨林林隙内树种更新初步研究

通过对南靖南亚热带雨林中林隙和非林隙林分的研究调查，初步分析了主要树种在林隙内外的数量特征、树种在林隙内的空间分布与数量和生长状况的关系。由于受光照条件和林隙边缘植物的影响，决定林隙区域内土壤种子库种子萌发、幼苗生长、发育，植物种群数量分布等特征，最终影响到森林的更新。     

乡土树种在上海广富林郊野公园中的调查与分析

为了解上海郊野公园中乡土树种应用情况,通过广富林郊野公园中乡土树种的调查,对乡土树种的种类、生活型、观赏特性和植物空间类型等进行了统计分析.结果 表明广富林郊野公园现有乡土树种34种,隶属25科34属,其中针叶树种2种,隶属2科2属,阔叶树种32种,隶属23科32属.通过乡土树种形成了利于游人休憩的林疏林草地、林下活动空间、绿道景观等.乡土树种反映地域特点,树种生长适应性强、易于成活.郊野公园中通过乡土树种有利于营造近自然植物景观、符合郊野公园低维护植物景观的需求,为市民提供亲近自然和郊野休闲活动的绿地.     

我国纸浆林树种选择与培育技术研究进展

通过对我国主要纸浆林树种选择和经营管理研究进行系统地总结和回顾,指出适地适树、制浆性能优良、速生性和抗逆性原则在纸浆林树种选择中的必要性,同时综述了经 营纸浆林中科学整地种植、合理密度调控等关键技术措施的研究进展,为纸浆林培育的产业化和工业化提供技术支撑。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.