基于非线性空间的小样本回归方法

为解决小样本回归时引起的过学习问题并提高回归精度,提出一种基于非线性空间特征选择的支持向量机.该方法依据矩阵相似度量或从研究的实际问题出发,绕过核技巧,直接将原始输入空间映射为适宜的非线性空间.该方法运用遗传算法在维数较多的非线性空间中搜索对输出影响最大的一些特征,达到降低输入空间维数的目的,从而避免过学习问题,并可获得简明的非线性回归函数.     

基于主成分分析和核主成分分析的地震属性优化的研究

在地震属性分析技术中地震属性优化是重要的一步,主成分分析法是一种常用基于有效的线性变换的地震属性优化的方法,但对具有非线性关系地震属性数据降维效果不佳,为此提出了一种基于非线性变换的核主成分分析法。该方法通过核函数将低维输入空间映射到高维特征空间,实现了对地震属性数据的非线性到线性关系的转换,并通过主成分分析对属性优化。实验结果表明,同主成分分析法相比该方法对非线性关系的地震属性优化具有更好的效果。     

基于Wiener滤波,K-L变换和BP网络的数字识别

研究基于传统模板匹配的识别灰度图像中数字的方法.在对大量样本图像模板进行Wiener滤波的基础上,利用K-L变换进行特征提取,用低维子空间描述高维空间中的图像.将低维子空间中的向量加载到BP网络的输入端进行训练,调整神经网络权值.权值稳定后,在网络输入端加载经过预处理的待识别灰度数字图像,在输出端即可得到识别结果.该方法有效地利用了Wiener滤波器以最小方差对原始信号的恢复能力、K-L变换的降维特性和BP学习网络所擅长的数据映射处理能力.     

基于SVM的高维不平衡数据集分类算法

由于数据量的不断增长,出现了大量的不平衡高维数据,传统的数据挖掘分类算法在处理这些数据时,易受到样本分布和维数的影响,存在分类性能不佳的问题.提出一种针对不平衡高维数据集的改进支持向量机(Supported Vector Machine,SVM)分类算法,首先通过核函数将数据集映射到特征空间中,再引入改进的核SMOTE(Kernel Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique)算法而得到正类样本,使两类样本数目平衡化;然后将维数高的数据集通过稀疏表示的方法投影到低维的空间中,实现降维;最后根据空间的距离关系来确定在输入空间中合成样本的原像,再对得到的平衡样本集通过SVM来分类,通过仿真实验验证了该算法对于高维不平衡数据集有较优的分类性能.     

泛化的统一切比雪夫多项式核函数

针对分布稀疏、特征不明显的小样本数据回归中的属性冗余问题,基于统一切比雪夫多项式,提出了一种向量形式输入的可变正交多项式核函数——泛化的统一切比雪夫多项式核函数.新的核函数通过利用统一切比雪夫多项式的正交性和可变性扩大了函数的搜索空间,通过调整多项式阶数有效地控制了特征空间维数,从而解决了稀疏数据回归中的属性冗余问题.另外,利用Mercer定理证明了该核函数的有效性.在多组标准数据集和实际工程数据集上对核函数的性能进行了实验对比,结果证明新的核函数预测精度较高,泛化能力较好,在大多数标准数据集上的性能优于其他切比雪夫多项式核函数.     

PSO高斯诱导核模糊c均值聚类算法*

为了避免陷入梯度法局部极值以提升模糊聚类算法聚类性能,提出PSO高斯诱导核模糊c均值聚类算法(PSO Gauss-induced kernel fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm, PSO-GIKFCM)。首先将高斯核函数应用于模糊c聚类算法(FCM)目标函数,得到高斯核模糊聚类目标函数。然后在高斯核特征空间和输入空间利用梯度法得到两空间聚类中心,将特征空间聚类中心与样本的内积核矩阵代入输入空间聚类中心,从而得到高斯诱导核的聚类中心。最后在解空间利用粒子群算法(PSO)对模糊隶属度进行寻优估计,并结合目标函数和聚类中心构成PSO-GIKFCM参数估计迭代流程。PSO-GIKFCM算法基于粒子群算法保证其收敛性,聚类中心仅为模糊隶属度的函数,PSO生物进化算法在解空间全局寻找优解,且将模糊指标扩展为大于0的情况。通过仿真实验验证了所提出算法的有效性。     

基于核Fisher判别分析的粮虫特征压缩方法

针对粮仓害虫种类多、类别之间相似度比较高的特点,提出基于核Fisher判别分析的粮虫特征压缩方法.利用高斯径向基核函数,对特征选择后的10维原始数字特征进行核Fisher判别分析,即通过非线性变换将样本数据从输入空间映射到高维特征空间,然后在高维特征空间进行特征提取.从粮虫分类效果方面,将KFDA法与FDA法、PCA法和KPCA法3种方法进行了比较分析.应用KFDA法提取的前4个特征,由最近邻分类器对粮仓中常见的9类粮虫进行分类,验证集的识别率为93.33%.结果表明:KFDA法对粮虫特征的非线性比较敏感,在有效降低特征维数的同时,还提高了类别之间的可分性.     

粒子群高斯诱导核模糊C均值聚类算法

为了避免陷入梯度法局部极值以提升模糊聚类算法聚类性能,提出PSO高斯诱导核模糊C均值聚类算法(PSO Gauss-induced kernel fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm,PSO-GIKFCM)。首先将高斯核函数应用于模糊C聚类算法(FCM)目标函数,得到高斯核模糊聚类目标函数。然后在高斯核特征空间和输入空间利用梯度法得到两空间聚类中心,将特征空间聚类中心与样本的内积核矩阵代入输入空间聚类中心,从而得到高斯诱导核的聚类中心。最后在解空间利用粒子群算法(PSO)对模糊隶属度进行寻优估计,并结合目标函数和聚类中心构成PSO-GIKFCM参数估计迭代流程。PSO-GIKFCM算法基于粒子群算法保证其收敛性,聚类中心仅为模糊隶属度的函数,PSO生物进化算法在解空间全局寻找优解,且将模糊指标扩展为大于0的情况。通过仿真实验验证了所提出算法的有效性。     

一种基于支持向量机的PCA分析方法

提出一种更简洁的用于主要成分分析 (PCA)及其非线性分析的公式 .给出一个含有规则化项的原始权空间的约束最大优化问题 ,应用核技巧来解决其对偶问题 .该公式同最小二乘支持向量机 (LS SVM )分类器相似 .遵循常规的SVM方法 ,将输入空间的数据映射到高维特征空间 ,然后使用核技巧 ,利用主对偶约束最大优化来解释线性和非线性PCA分析问题 .其优点在于对偶问题适用于高维输入空间 ,而原始问题在N很大时能被更好地解决 .     

基于核函数的最大间隔聚类算法

提出了基于最优超平面与支持向量机思想的最大间隔聚类算法。该方法借鉴了最优超平面思想和用核函数非线性映射构造支持向量机的思想。通过构造一个二次规划问题 ,得到了使分类后两类间距最大的聚类方法 ,并且借助非线性核函数将该方法推广到非线性情况。仿真试验表明 :该方法可以较好地解决很多非监督分类问题 ,得到的结果基本不受数据分布形状的影响     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.