因子分析法中因子得分的岭估计

从传统的因子分析模型出发，对其中的因子得分的回归估计运用了岭估计进行改进，从而有效增强了因子得分估计的稳定性．     

Identity of differentiation inducing factor and tumour necrosis factor

Human myelogenous leukaemic cells can be induced to differentiate into the monocyte/macrophage pathway by protein inducers called differentiation inducing factors (DIF) in conditioned media of mitogen-stimulated human peripheral blood leukocytes. However, human DIF has not yet been well characterized. DIF is known to be a T-cell lymphokine, as it can be obtained from the T-cell line HUT-102 and can be partially purified from medium conditioned by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated lymphocytes. We found that monocytes also produce factor(s) that induce differentiation of human myelogenous leukaemia cell lines to cells with macrophage-like characteristics. This factor(s) has activity different from that of colony-stimulating factor(s) or interferons. We have now purified a DIF to homogeneity from medium conditioned by PHA-stimulated leukocytes using a human myeloblastic leukemia cell line, ML-1, as target cells. The purified DIF has a relative molecular mass (Mr) of approximately 17,000, with an NH2-terminal sequence the same as that of human tumour necrosis factor (TNF). Recombinant human TNF (rHuTNF) induces differentiation of ML-1 cells and an anti-pDIF monoclonal antibody can neutralize both differentiation inducing activity and cytotoxic activity of DIF and rHuTNF. The findings indicate that one of the DIF(s) produced by leukocytes is probably TNF.     

Identity of tumour necrosis factor and the macrophage-secreted factor cachectin

In mammals, several well-defined metabolic changes occur during infection, many of which are attributable to products of the reticuloendothelial system. Among these changes, a hypertriglyceridaemic state is frequently evident, resulting from defective triglyceride clearance, caused by systemic suppression of the enzyme lipoprotein lipase (LPL). We have found previously that macrophages secrete the hormone cachectin, which specifically suppresses LPL activity in cultured adipocytes (3T3-L1 cells). When originally purified from RAW 264.7 (mouse macrophage) cells, cachectin was shown to have a pI of 4.7, a subunit size of relative molecular mass (Mr) 17,000 and to form non-covalent multimers. A receptor for cachectin was identified on non-tumorigenic cultured cells and on normal mouse liver membranes. A new high-yield purification technique has enabled us to determine further details of the structure of mouse cachectin. We now report that a high degree of homology exists between the N-terminal sequence of mouse cachectin and the N-terminal sequence recently determined for human tumour necrosis factor (TNF). Purified cachectin also possesses potent TNF activity in vitro. These findings suggest that the 'cachectin' and 'TNF' activities of murine macrophage conditioned medium are attributable to a single protein, which modulates the metabolic activities of normal as well as neoplastic cells through interaction with specific high-affinity receptors.     

Variation properties of ionospheric eclipse factor and ionospheric influence factor

The concepts and calculation methods of ionospheric eclipse factor (IEF) and ionospheric influence factor (IFF) are further illustrated. The temporal an d spacial variation properties of IEF and IFF are studied, which shows that the properties are influenced by the geographic position and season. The possibility of improving the precision of using GPS data to determine ionospheric delay bas ed on the above variation properties is also analysed.     

一种基于比例因子的慢启动策略

TCP慢启动机制中拥塞窗口大小指数增长,会导致在慢启动前期发送速率偏低的现象。针对此问题,本文提出一种基于比例因子的慢启动策略,该策略实现了慢启动到拥塞避免的快速过渡,并保证了数据传输的总体效率。实验表明,新策略能明显提高网络吞吐量,利于网络资源利用。     

FRP板修复开裂钢板的应力强度因子影响因素分析

为系统地了解纤维增强复合材料(FRP)板修复损伤钢构件疲劳裂纹的影响因素,以FRP板修复含中心裂纹的钢板作为研究对象,以裂纹尖端的应力强度因子K作为分析指标,采用有限元方法对FRP板修复开裂钢板的K进行参数分析。结果表明:FRP板截面刚度、宽度和长度的提高能够使K降低,但当FRP板增加到某一长度后,进一步增加长度将基本不影响K;增加胶层剪切模量、降低胶层厚度可以降低K,局部剥离的出现导致K变大;FRP单面修复的K明显大于双面修复,增加FRP板厚度对降低单面修复的K作用不大。     

基于正则化因子与稳定因子的大地电磁反演研究

地球物理反问题存在多解性和不稳定性,正则化是得到稳定解的重要手段。正则化方法中稳定因子的设计与正则化因子的选择是两项重要研究内容。以大地电磁测深法为例,研究了正则化因子的"L"曲线法自动选择算法;针对不同的稳定因子,研究了稳定因子的特点及稳定因子内部参数的选择原则。研究工作为大地电磁反演提供支持。     

Structure of tumour necrosis factor

Tumour necrosis factor is a trimeric molecule, each subunit of which consists of an antiparallel beta-sandwich. Individual subunits from the trimer by a novel edge-to-face packing of beta-sheets. A comparison of the subunit fold with that of other proteins reveals a remarkable similarity to the 'jelly-roll' structural motif characteristic of viral coat proteins.     

Genetic engineering of factor VIII

Genetic manipulation of mammalian cells has provided a means of producing unlimited quantities of a high purity, virus-free preparation of factor VIII--the most complex protein manufactured through rDNA technology to date.     

Identification of the BAL-labile factor

One of us has previously reported that treatment of the Keilin and Hartree heart-muscle preparation with 2,3-dimercaptopropanol (BAL), in the presence of air, leads to the complete inactivation of the succinate oxidase system with little if any effect on the activities of succinate dehydrogenase (until more than half the BAL was oxidized) or cytochrome c oxidase. The inactivation of the complete succinate oxidase system requires the oxidation of BAL by air in the presence of the enzyme. It is not caused by H2O2 or BAL disulphides produced during the oxidation of BAL. Spectroscopic studies identified the block as lying between cytochromes b and c. It was suggested that a BAL-labile factor is present which transfers electrons from cytochrome b to cytochrome c and which is destroyed by coupled oxidation with BAL. The factor is also required for NADH oxidation. Subsequent work showed it is not identical with cytochrome c1 (ref. 4), myoglobin present in the preparation or the antimycin-binding site. We report here that this factor is identical to the iron-sulphur protein in the central portion of the respiratory chain first identified by Rieske.     

土工合成材料老化指标的研究

为了了解土工合成材料的抗紫外线老化的能力,对土工合成材料进行了户外现场模拟老化试验,得到了材料抗拉强度随老化时间变化的规律.并利用灰色系统理论对成果进行了分析与预测,确定了土工合成材料在不同工程状况下的紫外线老化折减系数的取值范围,对工程设计及施工有重要的实用价值.