热处理后钛／钢爆炸复合界面微观组织结构

借助ＴＥＭ研究了热处理后钛／钢爆炸复合界面的微观组织结构。在１１２３Ｋ的温度下保温６００ｓ后，在钦（ＴＡ２）和钢（Ａ３）爆炸复合界面扩散反应区内的微观组织结构特征为：（１）界面层为ＦｅＴｉ，ＴｉＣ，ＦｅＣ２三者的微晶混合组织；（２）在ＴＡ２侧沿界面层生成了ＴｉＣ相；（３）在Ａ３侧沿界面层无层状金属间化合物（Ｆｅ２Ｔｉ，ＦｅＴｉ）生成，这是由于沿界面层在ＴＡ２侧生成的ＴｉＣ相和界面层阻碍了Ｆｅ，Ｔｉ的扩散。     

爆炸焊接轧制复合板的结合界面研究

通过实验测试不同爆炸焊接工艺 轧制获得的1Cr18Ni9Ti/20G复合板结合界面的组织、强度和性能进行了比较研究。实验表明：用下限获得的微小波状界面的爆炸焊接复合板，才能实现成功轧制，而大波状复合板本身存在一定的微观缺陷，在轧制时由于分层会使轧制失效。     

TiAl 基合金固相焊接界面及其显微组织分析

采用惰性气氛下热压方法，研究了Ｔｉ－３３Ａｌ－３Ｃｒ（质量分数，％）合金粗大（α２／γ）层片组织材料／粗大（α２／γ）层片组织材料及粗大（α２／γ）层片组织材料／细小双态组织（γ＋α２／γ）材料焊接界面及其显微组织，以及随后的热处理退火制度对此界面的影响．试验结果表明，粗大（α２／γ）／粗大（α２／γ）界面的显微组织特征受界面粗大层片状晶团位向的影响．此类界面经过１２５０℃退火，其显微组织变化不明显，但促使γ相等轴晶退火孪晶的形成；而经过１２８０℃退火，原焊接联接界面变宽，在（α２／γ）晶团界面上发生部分再结晶现象；而经过１３５０℃退火（Ｔｉ－３３Ａｌ－３Ｃｒ合金的ｔα≈１３０５℃），整个联接件材料发生重结晶，形成新的、粗大的全层片状组织，原焊接联接界面消失．采用细晶双态组织材料与粗大全层片状组织材料对焊，可得到良好的固态焊接结合面．     

轧制温度对TA1/Q345复合板性能的影响

相对于爆炸复合法和爆炸-轧制复合法而言,采用真空-轧制生产钛钢复合板的方法更加适应大规模生产需要.本实验将TA1钛材置于两块Q345钢材中间组成组合坯,组合坯经抽真空至0.1 Pa后密封,在840～930℃下进行加热轧制,对轧制复合样进行力学性能检测,并利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射分析及显微硬度仪对组织与界面结合度进行分析.在该实验条件下,钛钢复合板剪切强度在159 MPa以上,达到了1类复合板标准要求,870℃轧制复合板性能较优.900和930℃轧制时,钛发生相变,同时在界面处生成了较多的金属间化合物,钛和钢的变形抗力相差过大和变形不协调导致界面附近的内应力变大,这些因素都降低了界面的剪切强度.840℃轧制后剪切强度低的原因是由于温度过低影响了界面附近元素的扩散.     

Al2O3／Ni—Ti钎料／Nb的封接及其组织和性能的研究

探讨了用Ｎｉ－Ｔｉ高温合金对Ａｌ２Ｏ３陶瓷与金属Ｎｂ的封接行为．结果表明，Ｎｉ－Ｔｉ钎料对Ａｌ２Ｏ３陶瓷有良好的润湿性及高的焊后界面强度．钎料中的Ｔｉ与Ａｌ２Ｏ３中的Ｏ在反应界面上富集和结合是两种材料实现连接的原因．Ｎｂ溶入钎料中对减弱界面残余应力、提高强度有利     

Ti/Cu/不锈钢爆炸复合界面层的电子显微组织

采用扫描电镜(SEM)与电子探针(EPMA)研究了Ti(合金)/Cu/不锈钢(S.S)爆炸复合界面层的电子显微组织特征,分析了界面层成分再分布规律及化合物的形成。结果表明,CU/S.S界面层具有明显的爆炸焊接波状组织,波长约200μm。Ti/Cu界面层呈锯齿波状,比较细小,波长仅30～40μm。在中间过渡层Cu,观察到大量的应力应变流线,显示爆炸复合过程冲击波流动特征。SEM照片及EPMA合析结果表明:在高温、高压、快速爆炸焊接过程中存在着复杂的冶金物理反应,形成多种反应产物。界面层除发生塑性形变外,还存在相互扩散,熔化和回复再结晶。     

氧化锆陶瓷与不锈钢钎焊的研究

采用Ａｇ－Ｃｕ－Ｔｉ活性钎料，研究了氧化锆陶瓷与１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ不锈钢的钎焊，探讨了软性中间层Ｃｕ对接头强度的影响规律，分析了陶瓷与钎料的界面反应，结果表明：陶瓷与钎料间存在一明显反应层，厚度约为４．４μｍ，反应产物为δ－ＴｉＯ和γ－ＡｇＴｉ３，并按ＺｒＯ２／δ－ＴｉＯ／δ－ＴｉＯ＋γ－ＡｇＴｉ３／Ａｇ－Ｃｕ呈层状过渡分布，中间层Ｃｕ对陶瓷与不锈钢钎焊接头强度有很大的影响，当厚度合适时，Ｃｕ通     

钛钢复合板弯曲过程的扫描电镜原位观察

为了研究钛钢复合板在弯曲过程中的断裂行为,利用扫描电镜原位观察了爆炸和爆炸--轧制两种工艺生产的钛钢复合板在弯曲过程中裂纹的萌生和扩展.结果表明:外弯过程裂纹萌生的角度小于内弯过程,钛钢复合板内弯比外弯具有更强的抗裂纹产生能力.在爆炸钛钢复合板的弯曲过程中,裂纹主要在波头的界面结合处和漩涡中心处萌生;在爆炸--轧制钛钢复合板的弯曲过程中,裂纹在Ti--Fe金属间化合物硬块界面处萌生.产生裂纹的主要原因爆炸钛钢复合板的波头界面结合处和漩涡中心处、爆炸--轧制钛钢复合板的界面块状Ti--Fe金属间化合物具有较高的硬度,在变形的过程中难以协调变形.     

氧化物陶瓷与Ag－Cu－Ti钎料的界面反应

研究了氧化铝和氧化铬陶瓷真空钎焊时陶瓷与Ａｇ－Ｃｕ－Ｔｉ钎料合金的界面反应，分析了加热温度（１０７３～１３２３Ｋ）和保温时间（０～３．６ｋｓ）对界面反应的影响规律，扫描电镜和Ｘ射线衍射分析结果表明：两种陶瓷均与Ａｇ－Ｃｕ－Ｔｉ合金发生反应，反应层厚度随着温度和时间的增加而增加，对于氧化铝陶瓷，低子１１２３Ｋ时，反应产物为Ｃｕ２Ｔｉ４Ｏ和ＡｌＴｉ；在１１７３Ｋ以上温度时反应产物则为Ｔｉ２Ｏ、ＴｉＯ和ＣｕＴｉ２，此时，反应层是按Ａｌ２Ｏ３／Ｔｉ２Ｏ＋Ｔｉ０／Ｔｉ２Ｏ＋ＴｉＯ＋ＣｕＴｉ２／ＣｕＴｉ２／Ａｇ－Ｃｕ呈层状过渡分布，对于氧化锆陶瓷，在整个试验温度范围，反应产物均为γ－ＡｇＴｉ３和δ－ＴｉＯ，反应产物也是按ＺｒＯ２／δ－ＴｉＯ／δ－ＴｉＯ＋γ－ＡｇＴｉ３／γ－ＡｇＴｉ３／Ａｇ－Ｃｕ呈层状过渡分布的．     

在不同碰撞角度下爆炸焊接界面熔层厚度计算

爆炸焊接界面附近温升是由爆炸绝热压缩和畸形变形能沉积两者造成的。通过计算绝热压缩温升和畸形变形能沉积产生的温升,给出熔化判据,估计出了不同碰撞角下爆炸焊接界面熔化层厚度。     

Reinforcing effect of laminate structure on the fracture toughness of Al_3Ti intermetallic

Metal/intermetallic laminate composites can improve the mechanical properties of intermetallic materials using metal layers. In recent years, titanium aluminide intermetallics have received increasing attention due to their excellent performance properties, such as high melting point, high specific strength and stiffness, and good corrosion resistance. However, the low fracture toughness of Al_3Ti alloys at room temperature has greatly limited their application, and fiber or particle reinforcement has not shown a significant toughening effect. Research into the reinforcing effects of the interface and near-interface zone on the fracture behavior of Al_3Ti is lacking. Ti/Al_3Ti metal/intermetallic laminate composite was synthesized from titanium and aluminum foils using vacuum hot-pressed sintering technology. The microstructure of the prepared material was analyzed by scanning electron microscope and electron backscattered diffraction. Results illustrate that both Ti and Al_3Ti were single-phase and there was a noticeable stress concentration on the interface. To obtain indentation and cracks, loads were applied to different locations of the composite by a microhardness tester. The growth path of the cracks was then observed under microscope, showing that crack propagation was prevented by the interface between the Ti and Al_3Ti layers, and the cracks that propagated parallel to the laminate shifted to the interface. Fracture toughness of the different areas, including Al_3Ti layers, interface, and near-interface zone, were measured by the indentation fracture method. The fracture toughness at and near the interface was 1.7 and 2 times that of the Al_3Ti layers, respectively. Results indicate that crack blunting and crack front convolution by the laminate structure was primarily responsible for increased toughness.     

铝基复合材料的活性液相扩散焊新工艺

为优化中间层合金系的设计,对液相扩散焊过程中陶瓷颗粒/金属(P/M)界面的弱化、强化及断裂模式进行了研究,发现在采用纯Cu箔的Al_2O_3p/Al复合材料液相扩散焊件的剪切断口上,Al_2O_3颗粒未破裂,断口上所有Al_2O_3颗粒及部分金属表面光滑,无粘结物生成,表明P/M界面结合弱而呈"界面脱粘"断裂方式.为此,提出了一种旨在改善P/M弱界面润湿性的新工艺--活性液相扩散焊,要求所用中间层内必须同时含有降熔元素及可与陶瓷增强相反应的活性元素(Ti).当Ti含量较低时,Al_2O_3颗粒增强相表面上出现细微、凹凸不平且不连续的界面粘结物(反应物);当Ti含量较高时,P/M界面可形成强力结合,剪切测试中足以使一些陶瓷颗粒本身破裂.     

Effects of metal binder on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al2O3-based micro-nanocomposite ceramic tool material

The Al2O3?(W,Ti)C composites with Ni and Mo additions varying from 0vol% to 12vol% were prepared via hot pressing sintering under 30 MPa. The microstructure was investigated via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). Mechanical properties such as flexural strength, fracture toughness, and Vickers hardness were also measured. Results show that the main phases A12O3 and (W,Ti)C were detected by XRD. Compound MoNi also existed in sintered nanocom-posites. The fracture modes of the nanocomposites were both intergranular and transgranular fractures. The plastic deformation of metal particles and crack bridging were the main toughening mechanisms. The maximum flexural strength and fracture toughness were obtained for 9vol% and 12vol% additions of Ni and Mo, respectively. The hardness of the composites reduced gradually with increasing content of metals Ni and Mo.     

Effects of metal binder on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al_2O_3-based micro-nanocomposite ceramic tool material

The Al_2O_3-(W,Ti)C composites with Ni and Mo additions varying from 0vol% to 12vol% were prepared via hot pressing sintering under 30 MPa. The microstructure was investigated via X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectrometry(EDS). Mechanical properties such as flexural strength, fracture toughness, and Vickers hardness were also measured. Results show that the main phases A12O3 and(W,Ti)C were detected by XRD. Compound Mo Ni also existed in sintered nanocomposites. The fracture modes of the nanocomposites were both intergranular and transgranular fractures. The plastic deformation of metal particles and crack bridging were the main toughening mechanisms. The maximum flexural strength and fracture toughness were obtained for 9vol% and 12vol% additions of Ni and Mo, respectively. The hardness of the composites reduced gradually with increasing content of metals Ni and Mo.     

AlTiCrN涂层结合界面组织特征与结合性能

以Ti、Al和Cr为靶材,采用阴极离子镀在YT14硬质合金刀具表面制备一层AlTiCrN涂层,通过扫描电镜、能谱仪和X射线衍射仪分析了其表面和界面形貌、化学元素组成和物相,并用线扫描和面扫描研究了涂层中化学元素在结合界面处扩散机理. 用划痕法表征其界面层结合强度,对界面结合机理进行了讨论. AlTiCrN涂层的物相主要以AlN、CrN和TiN为主,涂层在(111)晶面具有很强的择优取向. 涂层中Al、Ti、Cr和N原子数分数高于基体,在结合界面处呈阶梯状过渡分布,基体中C原子扩散进入TiN、AlN和CrN晶格点阵中,形成明显的扩散层. 涂层结合界面为机械﹢扩散形式,其结合方式主要是由吸附结合、扩散结合和化合结合方式组成. 划痕过程中涂层经历弹性变形、塑性变形和涂层剥离三个阶段,界面结合强度为59. 2 N.     

热处理对激光立体成形Ti3Al/TC11连接界面组织性能的影响简

通过对激光立体成形Ti3 Al/TC11连接界面沉积态、去应力退火和固溶时效3种状态的组织进行对比研究,探索改善Ti3 Al/TC11连接界面组织以提高其性能的新途径。研究表明,沉积态试样在两个基体与过渡区交界处组织形貌差异较大,经去应力退火后试样连接界面的组织形貌与沉积态相比变化不大,但针状α′相长度明显减小,Ti3 Al侧β晶界厚度减小且变模糊。经固溶时效处理后,两个基体与过渡区交界处组织形貌差异较小,均为等轴、细小α相、α2相和转变β相的三重混合组织,β晶界消失,沿整个试样显微硬度值分布均匀,相比去应力退火态其显微硬度整体较高,这可能与弥散相的固溶强化作用有关。     

PZT薄膜界面分层破坏的内聚力模拟

实验测试表明,单晶硅基板上磁控溅射沉积的多层薄膜材料Cr/PZT/PLT/Pt/Ti容易沿着Cr/PZT界面端开裂并发生分层破坏.我们在实验测试基础上,通过数值模拟计算与分析研究,确定了该薄膜界面的结合强度参数.模拟计算基于连续介质力学的内聚力模型,采用有限元方法来分析沿Cr/PZT界面的裂纹萌生和扩展过程.首先,将该界面表征为一个遵从指数或双线性内聚力模型本构关系的薄层.然后,通过与实测的断裂载荷、加载点的载荷-位移曲线校准的办法,确定出界面内聚法则参数.研究发现,内聚强度和内聚能是最为关键的内聚参数;双线性内聚力模型更适合于描述Cr/PZT界面破坏;与毫米量级厚度的薄膜材料相比,该多层薄膜材料中的Cr/PZT界面的内聚能较低,属于弱结合界面,沿着该界面的分层破坏为脆性断裂过程.本研究表明,宏观力学的内聚力模型同样适用于分析微米厚度薄膜的界面破坏问题.     

多铁性La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/PMN-PT复合薄膜的制备及表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法在Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si基片上制备了La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/PMN-PT(LSMO/PMN-PT)复合薄膜,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、铁电性能综合测试仪、振动样品磁强计(VSM)对样品的结构、表面形貌以及铁电性能、磁性进行了分析.结果表明,LSMO/PMN–PT复合薄膜750℃退火处理后,所有X射线衍射峰均为样品特征峰,无扩散现象,没有新相生成;薄膜表面平整、致密、颗粒分布均匀;复合薄膜表现出了明显的铁电和铁磁性能.     

Ti6Al4V和Al2A12的扩散连接界面组织及力学性能

采用热等静压(HIP)工艺连接Al2A12和Ti6Al4V两种不同的航空航天用材料.利用扫描电镜、能谱仪和X射线衍射仪观察连接过渡区的微观组织和组成的演化,并测试其主要的力学性能.结果表明:采用热等静压制备这两种材料的界面连接好;Ti/Al反应层界面处形成了不同的金属间化合物,例如,Al3Ti、TiAl2和TiAl;连接接头处硬度为163HV,界面连接处剪切强度达到了23MPa,比只添加镀层而无中间层的连接强度提高了约17.9%,但低于带有中间层的连接强度.由于过烧和孔隙的形成使得断裂方式是脆性断裂.由此可知,在热等静压成形过程中异种材料的元素发生了相互扩散,在扩散连接处形成了不同的金属间化合物,这些金属间化合物影响连接处的力学性能.     

Microstructure s and mechanical properties of Ti3Al/Ni-based superalloy joints arc welded with Ti –Nb and Ti– Ni – Nb filler alloys

Dissimilar joining of Ti3Al-based alloy to Ni-based superalloy has been carried out using gas tungsten arc(GTA) welding technology with Ti–Nb and Ti–Ni–Nb filler alloys.The joint welded with the Ti–Nb filler alloy contained much less interfacial brittle phases than the one using the Ti–Ni–Nb filler alloy.The average room-temperature tensile strength of the joint welded with Ti–Nb was 202 MPa and the strength value of the one welded with Ti–Ni–Nb was 128 MPa.For both fillers,the weak links of the dissimilar joints were the weld/In718 interfaces.The presence of TiNi,TiNi3 and Ni3Nb intermetallic compounds in the joint welded with Ti–Ni–Nb induced microcracks at the weld/In718 interface and deteriorated the mechanical properties of the joint.And the adoption of the Ti–Nb filler alloy decreased the formation tendency of interfacial brittle phases to some extent and thus enhanced the tensile strength of the joint.