船舶撞击靠船墩结构的瞬态动力分析

为了解靠船墩结构在船舶撞击作用下的动力响应,以江苏某船闸靠船墩结构为例,采用大型有限元分析软件ABAQUS中的Explicit模块,建立了船舶、靠船墩及地基土的三维有限元模型,对船舶撞击靠船墩过程进行瞬态动力分析,得到了高、低水位两种不同工况下撞击力的时程曲线和靠船墩的应力位移等结果。研究结果表明,在两种水位工况条件下,船舶撞击靠船墩时最大压应力均位于船舶与靠船墩接触面上,在靠船墩底板及墩身背水面均产生拉应力,且底板前齿的拉应力较大;在低水位工况下,靠船墩应力大于高水位工况,靠船墩受力更为不利。     

隔离墩与自浮结构相组合的桥梁防船撞系统方案与评估

随着跨江跨海桥梁与船舶通航数量日益曾多,船桥碰撞的概率也日益增大,所以亟须提出桥梁防船撞设计方案。针对既有椒江大桥水中通航孔桥墩,首先通过规范和Midas/Civil软件计算出桥墩结构的自身抗撞能力;基于非线性动力软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA建立有限元模型计算得出典型桥墩遭受3 000 t级船舶正向和侧向撞击工况下的撞击力;通过比较桥墩自身抗力与船舶撞击力,提出了一种隔离式防撞墩与自浮式消能圈相组合的新型桥梁防船撞方案,然后对单独设置隔离式防撞墩和设置隔离墩与自浮结构组合防撞系统两种工况进行计算。结果表明:桥墩自身抗力为14.40 MN,而受船舶撞击所产生的最大撞击力为24.38 MN;设置组合防撞系统后,桥墩墩身所受的撞击力为0,隔离式防撞墩与自浮式消能圈有效保护了桥墩结构,且减小了船舶损伤。     

某深水开敞式码头船舶荷载现场试验研究

介绍对某港煤码头进行的深水开敞式码头船舶荷载现场试验的测试内容,方法和结果,以及对测试资料的概率统计分析结果,通过对船舶荷载的概率分布规律的研究,提出在可行度设计中,撞击能量可采用对数正态概率分布、系缆力最大值可极值Ｉ型概率分布作为荷载模型,靠船速度可采用极值Ｉ型概率分布作为靠船速率计算模型。按南京水利科学研究院建议公式计算的波浪作用下系泊船舶的撞击能量较按规范公式计算的撞击能量与现场试验结果更为     

考虑材料非线性的船舶与单墩碰撞有限元数值模拟

为了可靠地评估船舶与单墩碰撞的撞击力及墩柱响应,利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA建立了一个详细的船墩碰撞数值模型。船艏采用壳单元模拟外部钢板,梁单元模拟内部桁架,并采用弹塑性材料对船艏钢材进行模拟;对墩柱进行配筋,并采用非线性材料来模拟墩柱混凝土以便真实地反映材料特性,墩顶施加集中质量来模拟上部承重。以内河船舶为例,研究了墩身材料、船舶载重和碰撞速度对船舶撞击力及单墩响应的影响。研究结果表明:假定单墩为刚性或弹性材料得到的撞击力峰值和有效撞击时间均偏大,且碰撞速度越大,其差距越大,混凝土材料的非线性对船墩碰撞模拟结果有较大的影响;增大船舶质量和碰撞速度均使撞击力峰值和碰撞持续时间增加,而船舶撞击速度对撞击力峰值有显著的影响,碰撞持续时间主要取决于船舶载重。     

大连港码头荷载的统计分析

以大连港为例，阐述了港口码头如何收集荷载子样，选择任意时点荷载强度的概率分布．用平稳二项随机过程模型，推导出设计基准期５０年内是大荷载值的分布．最后给出码头荷载均值、方差、变异系数和码头的设计荷载值．     

新型浮式系泊系统靠泊动力响应分析

以新型浮式系泊系统为研究对象,通过1∶40的模型试验首先分析无波浪作用下船舶排水量和船速等因素对浮体系泊系统靠泊动力响应的影响,并将浮式系泊系统的靠泊试验结果与相同工况下刚性靠泊试验结果进行对比分析,然后对典型海况（波高2,m,周期6,s,入射角90°的波浪）作用下的新型浮式系泊系统进行靠泊分析,得到其在不同靠泊速度下的动力响应.试验结果表明,相对于刚性靠泊,浮式靠泊的靠泊力小,吸收的能量更大.船速和船舶排水量是影响靠泊动力响应的主要因素,船速和排水量的增大将会大大增加护舷撞击力,并使浮式系（靠）泊平台产生较大的位移.由于偏心的影响,船艏首先系（靠）泊,能量大部分被船艏靠泊平台所吸收,船艉系（靠）泊平台吸能比例很小,尤其当初始靠泊能量较小时,两平台吸能差异更明显.随着船速和船舶排水量增大,船艏和船艉靠泊的时间间隔越小,两系（靠）泊平台位移及护舷撞击合力的差距也越小,船艉系（靠）泊平台吸能比例逐渐增大.     

考虑墩顶约束作用的桥墩船撞力学模型及其响应

在考虑上部主梁对桥墩墩顶约束及基础约束作用的基础上,建立了边界条件合理的船舶与桥墩撞击理论力学模型,采用Laplace正变换和Crump逆变换,对该动力控制微分方程进行理论求解并分析撞击力与位移响应。将理论计算结果与欧洲规范以及未考虑墩顶约束的悬臂墩模型计算值进行了比较,结果表明考虑被撞桥墩墩顶受上部结构的约束作用对撞击响应的影响较为显著。分析上部主梁结构等效约束刚度与被撞桥墩船撞力及墩顶位移的关系并与欧洲规范和铁路规范进行了比较。建立了峰值撞击力简化计算公式,该公式在欧洲规范的基础上增加考虑了桥墩侧向刚度、船舶质量及船艏刚度等因素,与其他规范公式在改变不同参数的情况下进行了比较,验证了其具有较好的适用性。     

波浪对船舶碰撞影响研究

船舶碰撞多发生在一些比较恶劣的海况下,事实上碰撞过程是碰撞作用和外部环境荷载作用的耦合.基于非线性有限元方法,建立了考虑波浪作用的船舶碰撞模型,对碰撞过程进行了数值仿真模拟.将有无波浪存在下的碰撞结果进行了对比,并分析了波浪波高以及波浪入射角度对被撞船舷侧结构的影响.结果表明,在一定情况下波浪对碰撞过程有不利的影响,并从工程角度给出一些指导建议.     

在不规則波浪上的船舶波浪冲击

本文作者假設了下述船舶发生波浪冲击条件;剛會裸露水面的船艏底在重新进入波谷时,只有当船艏柱与其波面的垂直相对速度大于某一个临界值并且只有当在此一瞬时有不少于某一长度的船艏底几乎同时入水与水面发生碰击,换言之,船舶是否发生波浪冲击,将取决于船艏柱剛入水时与水面的垂直相对速度及此一瞬时船艏与波面的相对位置,为了能应用数学方法处理,作者建議取船艏柱处及船艏柱后0.1L长度处的剖面与波面的相对位置以及船艏柱与波面的相对垂直速度,作为衡量船舶是否会发生波浪冲击的准則。在上述船舶波浪冲击条件下,并以海浪为高司随机过程以及船舶反应仍然可认为綫性的假设下,在本文第一部分中提出了計算船舶航行于不規則波浪上时发生波浪冲击的概率或每单位时間內发生波浪冲击可期望的次数,本文第二及第三部分中則分別研討了船舶发生波浪冲击时,从工程观点上,最大水动冲击压力,水动冲击力所引起的船艏底板架荷重,及由水动冲击力引起的船体振动所产生的最大动力附加总纵弯矩等的概率分布。     

靠船墩疲劳可靠度研究

将疲劳力学理论引入靠船墩结构分析，探讨靠船墩的疲劳破坏问题，并进行疲劳可靠度研究。提出了靠船墩疲劳可靠度计算方法，据此可进行靠船墩的疲劳寿命预报，直接指导工程优化设计和施工，分析桩空间布置对结构受力状况和疲劳强度的影响，增大结构的刚度，从而达到经济、安全的目的．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-