烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

含钛高炉炉渣微波合成碳化钛及其介电性能测定

The preparation of functional material titanium carbide by the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag with microwave heating is an effective method for valuable metals recovery; it can alleviate the environmental pressure caused by slag stocking. The dynamic dielectric parameters of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag/pulverized coal mixture under high-temperature heating are measured by the cylindrical resonant cavity perturbation method. Combining the transient dipole and large π bond delocalization polarization phenomena, the interaction mechanism of the microwave macroscopic non-thermal effect on the titanium carbide synthesis reaction was revealed. The material thickness range during microwave heating was optimized by the joint analysis of penetration depth and reflection loss, which is of great significance to the design of the microwave reactor for the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag.     

采用超声组装与滚压工艺制备铝–碳纳米管复合材料

This study introduced a novel fabrication of aluminum–carbon nanotube (CNT) composites by employing bulk acoustic waves and accumulative roll bonding (ARB). In this method, CNT particles were aligned using ultrasonic standing wave in an aqueous media, and the arrayed particles were precipitated on the aluminum plate substrate. Then, the plates rolled on each other through the ARB process with four passes. Optical and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated the effective aligning of CNTs on the aluminum substrate with a negligible deviation of arrayed CNTs through the ARB process. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the developed composites showed no peaks for carbon and aluminum carbide. In addition, tensile tests showed that the longitudinal strength of the specimens processed with aligned CNTs was significantly greater than that of the specimens with common randomly dispersed particles. The proposed technique is beneficial for the fabrication of Al–CNT composites with directional mechanical strength.     

西宁地区主要藻类的分布规律及其名录

据笔者的调查研究,西宁地区藻类植物计有七门52种。这些藻类常以单纯一种或数种集聚一起,构成集群,它们的分布具有固定的规律性。本文除列出西宁地区主要藻类的名录外,着重揭示了本地区藻类的不同集群分布于不同土质、不同水体、不同酸碱度等生态条件的规律性。     

A stony meteorite fallen in Lujiang, Anhui Province

A stony meteorite fell in Lujiang County, Anhui Province. Its falling, minerals, chondrules, shock metamorphism and oxidation are simply revealed. The meteorite is composed of olivine, bronzite, diopside, clinoenstatite, plagioclase, muscovite, phlogopite, whit-lockite, kamacite, taenite, troilite, chromite, ilmenite and oxides of iron. Based on its characteristics of mineralogical chemistry and petrology, the chemical rock type of the meteorite is LL6.     

荧光光谱法分析煤焦油组分

研究煤焦油组分时,为了防止组分相互之间的干扰,在测定前用几种不同极性的溶剂:石油醚;80%石油醚-20%甲苯;60%石油醚-40%甲苯;40%石滑醚-60%甲苯;20%石油醚-80%甲苯;甲苯;氯仿;50%氟仿-50%甲醇;甲醇进行洗提,从煤焦油中得到9个级分。然后用荧光法从9个级分中鉴定出28个组分:茶、苊、联苯、三甲基酚、菲、异喹啉、芴、对氨基酚、联苯胺、蒽醌、四氢萘、2,5-二甲酚、蒽、咔唑、间苯二酚、二乙基苯胺、喹啉、吲哚醌、1,3,5-三甲苯、1,2,4-三甲苯、萘醌、菲醌、窟、苾、氧芴、1,2-苯并蒽、2,3-苯并蒽、3,4-苯并苾。同时定量了氯仿和甲醇级分中氧芴、(艹屈)、联苯胺、苾、菲、蒽、咔唑、四氢蔡咔、四氢萘、苯醌、喹啉、8-羟基喹啉等12个组分的含量。     

Sintering behaviors and consolidation mechanism of high-chromium vanadium and titanium magnetite fines

To achieve high efficiency utilization of high-chromium vanadium–titanium magnetite (V–Ti–Cr) fines, an investigation of V–Ti–Cr fines was conducted using a sinter pot. The chemical composition, particle parameters, and granulation of V–Ti–Cr mixtures were analyzed, and the effects of sintering parameters on the sintering behaviors were investigated. The results indicated that the optimum quicklime dosage, mixture moisture, wetting time, and granulation time for V–Ti–Cr fines are 5wt%, 7.5wt%, 10 min, and 5–8 min, respectively. Meanwhile, the vertical sintering speed, yield, tumbler strength, and productivity gains were shown to be 21.28 mm/min, 60.50wt%, 58.26wt%, and 1.36 t·m-2·h-1, respectively. Furthermore, the consolidation mechanism of V–Ti–Cr fines was clarified, revealing that the consolidation of a V–Ti–Cr sinter requires an approximately 14vol% calcium ferrite liquid-state, an approximately 15vol% silicate liquid-state, a solid-state reaction, and the recrystallization of magnetite. Compared to an ordinary sinter, calcium ferrite content in a V–Ti–Cr sinter is lower, while the perovskite content is higher, possibly resulting in unsatisfactory sinter outcomes.     

论新时期我国民主政治建设的理论创新和实践

新时期中国共产党通过理论创新确立了中国特色社会主义理论体系,产生了民主法制、依法治国、政治文明、以人为本、和谐社会等新的思想观念,为中国民主政治发展作了方向性和理论性指导。在实践中,按照适应经济发展和经济体制改革的要求,同时适应公民政治参与积极性提高的要求,中国共产党领导人民,在制度建设、民主执政、党内民主、人权保障等方面深化政治体制改革,不断探索民主政治建设的实践路径。国情性、时代性、互动性、同一性、渐进有序性是改革开放以来我国民主政治建设的基本经验。     

城市声景观

简要叙述了一系列关于城市声景评价、模拟以及预测的综合研究，这些研究特别着眼于城市公共开放空间，其中声景评价重点研究各种声学、环境、社会、人口、心理、文化和行为因素对声景质量的影响，以及描述声景的主要因素，这部分研究主要建立在一系列在欧洲和中国进行的声景调查的基础上．发展了计算小尺度城市区域的声场模拟模型，包括基于声能的虚声源法、声线追踪法、radiosity法、声线追踪／radiosity综合法，以及城市声场可听化技术，然后利用这些模型对小尺度城市区域的声场基本特征以及建筑设计和城市规划的作用进行了分析．最后，运用人工神经网络技术以及序数逻辑回归技术，提出了一个预测声景质量的模型工具，其输入包括设计的空间和声源情况以及使用者的社会、人口及行为特点等．     

中国锥囊藻科植物

通过对我国的锥囊藻科植物进行鉴定和整理,共报道该科植物6属,20种(变种),包括螺旋锥囊藻,侧位锥囊藻,圆筒形锥囊藻,分歧锥囊藻,群聚锥囊藻,秀丽锥囊藻,长锥形锥囊藻,密集锥囊藻,双隐孔金粒藻,淡红金粒藻,北方金杯藻,饱满金杯藻,卵形金杯藻,具鞭金杯藻,岸生金杯藻,浮游金杯藻,恩慈假金杯藻,波形假金杯藻菱形变种,椭圆附钟藻和纤细斯特克藻.     

贵州黎平自然保护区大型真菌资源及其生态分布

本文报道了黎平自然保护区的大型真菌146种,分属于75属,37科.其中担子菌135种,66属,33科;子囊菌11种,6属,4科.该地区的大型真菌可分为3个垂直带:低山带中的大型真菌;中山带中的大型真菌;山顶带中的大型真菌.同时,对植物群落中的大型真菌进行了初步分析.     

面向对象的程序语言的概念在Simula,Smalltalk及C++中的应用

面向对象的方法是下一代语言中最有前途的方法之。面向对象的程序语言介绍了程序语言领域中许多新概念以及有用的概念。在这篇文章中,研究了三种主要的ＯＯＰＬｓ：Ｓｉｍｕｌａ,Ｓｍａｌｌｔａｌｋ和Ｃ＋＋,Ｓｉｍｕｌａ是最早的ＯＯＰＬ．（ｏｖｅｒｌｏａｄｉｎｇ）等都是Ｓｍａｌｌｔａｌｋ对ＯＯＰＬｓ的发展所做的贡献。Ｃ＋＋是第一个被广泛采用的ＯＯＰＬ,是因为Ｃ＋＋是Ｃ语言的高级形式,而Ｃ语言又是目前最通用的程序     

基于3G技术的电动车报警定位系统研究

结合3G技术在远距离监控、数据采集、GPS定位、无线报警等领域的应用,设计了基于3G技术的电动车报警定位系统,分别对系统的单片机电路、通讯电路、卫星定位电路进行了设计,实际使用情况表明,系统工作准确及时,最大限度降低电动车被盗几率。