聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯水分散液的流变性能

研究了二羟甲基丙酸（DMPA）含量、NCO／OH比、PU／PA比、pH值及制备工艺对水性聚氨酯－丙烯酸酯（PUA）混杂体系粘度的影响。结果表明：DMPA用量增大会使PUA水分散液的粘度增大;NCO／OH比和PU／PA比对粘度的影响比较复杂,PU／PA比在60／40（m/m）左右出现粘度最小值,NCO／OH比的变化则引起PUA水分散液的波动;体系的酸碱度（pH）对PUA水分散液的粘度有一定的“缓冲”作用,即pH值在7.0-9.6范围内粘度不会发生变化,提出了PUA水分散液非均相体系中,分散相粒子表层与分散介质中pH值不同的观点,并认为这判别是由于粒子表层具有缓冲溶液的性质造成的;用预聚物分散法制得的PUA水分散液外观较清澈,其粘度低于核壳反转法制得的分散液。     

聚氨酯/纳米碳酸钙弹性体的制备与力学性能研究

采用一步法以PTMEG，BDO，TEA，TDI为原料，选用n—CaCO3合成了PU／n—CaCO3弹性体，并考察了BDO，TEA，NCO／OH，n—CaCO3的含量对聚氨酯弹性体力学性能的影响。结果表明，纳米碳酸钙对聚氨酯弹性体的力学性能有一定提高。粒度分析与SEM测试表明，纳米粒子在本研究体系中的分散程度不理想。     

pH对Mg-Al类水滑石/kaolinite分散体系流变性的影响

研究了pH值对Mg-Al型类水滑石化合物(HTlc)/高岭土(kaolinite)悬浮体流变性的影响。对纯高岭土分散体系,控制剪切速率(D)得到的屈服应力(τy)和控制剪切应力(τ)得到的临界剪切应力(τc)皆随pH的升高先升高后降低,在pH=7左右出现最大值;而对质量比为R=0.25的Mg-Al-HTlc/kaolinite分散体系,其τy和τc在pH=11左右出现最大值。根据HTlc和kaolinite粒子间的相互作用对实验结果的机理进行了探讨。     

示差扫描量热法研究水性聚氨酯的微相分离

合成了一系列水性聚氨酯，考察了软段组成、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)含量及不同NCO／OH比值对产物微相分离的影响。实验结果表明：聚醚型水性聚氨酯的微相分离程度高于聚酯型水性聚氨酯。提高DMPA用量，软段玻璃化温度移向低温区，说明体系的微相分离程度加大。随着NCO／OH比值的增大，软段玻璃化温度也移向低温，软硬段的微相分离程度增大。     

聚氨酯改性环氧树脂水分散体的合成

通过异氰酸酯基与羟基的反应,将醚键和羧基接入到环氧树脂分子骨架中,同时对环氧树脂进行亲水改性和增韧改性,中和成盐并水分散,合成了聚氨酯改性环氧树脂水分散体.讨论了OH/NCO值、聚醚二元醇含量、羧基含量和中和度等因素对水分散体及涂膜的影响.结果发现OH/NCO值增大,分散体外观改善,粘度下降,但涂膜吸水率增大,柔韧性下降;Diol 1 000含量的增加,乳液外观逐渐变透明,与固化剂的相容性也逐渐变好,涂膜光泽度增大,但硬度降低;-COOH含量增大,水分散体的稳定性增强;羧基中和度的增大,分散体粘度总体上呈上升趋势.     

单组分水性聚氨酯纳米乳液的性能与应用

研究了用蓖麻油代替部分聚醚通过丙酮法合成的单组分水性聚氨酯纳米乳液的性能与应用。探讨了R(NCO／OH)值、亲水单体含量、扩链剂的用量等因素对乳液粒径、贮存稳定性、机械力学等性能的影响。用IR光谱表征了聚氨酯树脂的结构，用激光散射粒径分析仪测定了乳液粒子的粒径．制得的乳液粒径小于50nm，贮存稳定期超过6个月。通过与适当的助剂或颜料进行配伍，配制出应用范围广泛、涂膜性能优异的单组分乳胶清漆和色漆。     

皂荚瓜尔胶的提取及其性能

对皂荚种子中瓜尔胶的提取、含量、结构及其在不同浓度、pH值、剪切力作用下黏度的变化规律进行了试验。结果表明:种子中,内胚乳的含量为410.2 mg/g,内胚乳中瓜尔胶的含量为475.8 mg/g;用红外光谱设备测得其结构符合半乳甘露聚糖结构通式;瓜尔胶溶液的比浓黏度随浓度的升高而增加,瓜尔胶为非牛顿流体,其比浓黏度随剪切力的增大而显著减小;瓜尔胶溶液的特性黏度受pH值的影响甚微,在中性条件下其特性黏度最大。     

磺酸/羧酸型水性聚氨酯分散体粒径的影响因素

以磺酸型聚酯多元醇、甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、1,4-丁二醇(BDO)及二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)为原料制备水性聚氨酯,讨论了初始R值(n(—NCO)/n(—OH))、DMPA含量、二异氰酸酯种类、预聚体—NCO含量对水性聚氨酯分散体粒径的影响。结果表明,同样的初始R值下,用IPDI与TDI合成的水性聚氨酯分散体粒径差别不大;当—NCO质量分数在1.40%~2.78%之间、初始R值小于6、DMPA质量分数为2.00%时,所合成的水性聚氨酯分散体粒径较小(24.5~63.2 nm)且稳定性最好。     

水性聚氨酯/丙烯酸酯复合乳液的制备及性能研究

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、聚己二酸丁二醇酯二醇(PBA)和丙烯酸酯类混合单体为主要原料,用种子乳液聚合法制备具有核壳结构的聚氨酯/丙烯酸酯复合乳液(PUA),并探讨PUA复合乳液的相结构、粒径及分布、运动黏度、胶膜耐水性和力学性能.结果表明:PUA乳液中聚氨酯(PU)和聚丙烯酸酯(PA)存在不同程度的相分离.乳液的粒径、运动黏度和力学性能与PU含量及相结构有关.当PU含量为50%时,PUA胶膜的力学性能较好.与纯PU胶膜相比,PUA胶膜的耐水性有较大提高.     

基于不同乳糖浓度的乳蛋白浓缩物发酵特性研究

利用保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌复合发酵剂对乳蛋白浓缩物(milk protein concentrate,MPC)进行发酵,研究了不同乳糖浓度下MPC的发酵特性。结果表明,乳糖浓度影响MPC发酵进入稳定期的时间与pH值,随着乳糖浓度的升高,MPC发酵物的最终pH值下降(pH值范围4.14~4.59);微流变学研究表明, 随乳糖浓度升高,MPC发酵物的宏观黏性因子减小,而固液平衡值和流动性指数增大;质构特性研究表明, MPC发酵物的持水力随乳糖浓度升高而逐渐升高,胶着性、弹性则呈现先增大后减小的趋势,而硬度、黏力不受影响;气相色谱-质谱联用分析结果显示,酸类化合物和酮类化合物是MPC发酵物中的主要挥发性物质,随乳糖浓度的增加,酸类化合物含量减少,而2,3-丁二酮、3-羟基-2-丁酮等乳糖代谢物的含量增加。本研究结果旨在为进一步了解MPC的发酵特性并拓宽MPC在不同发酵乳制品中的应用提供基础数据。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…