N,S-配体协助下钯催化的Suzuki-Miyaura交叉偶联反应

以廉价、易得的芳(杂环)甲醛、取代肼及羟胺等为原料,合成了9种N,N-、N,O-、N,S-腙及肟配体,并在相对温和的反应条件下,将其应用到了钯催化的Suzuki-Miyaura交叉偶联反应中,开发了一种温和、高效的以腙为配体的钯催化系统Pd(OAc)₂/2-噻吩甲醛苯腙(4b)/K₃PO₄/DMSO。将该系统用于催化苯硼酸与芳溴的交叉偶联反应中,得到了良好的分离收率。     

超声辐射下水溶液中离子液体催化合成芳醛缩氨基硫脲

在超声波辐射下水相中以酸性甲基咪唑丙烷磺酸-三氟乙酸离子液体催化芳醛和氨基硫脲进行反应,合成了系列芳醛缩氨基硫脲衍生物,产率为60.0%～95.0%.产物结构经1 HNMR,IR,元素分析表征,该反应具有反应时间短、产率高、环境友好、后处理方便、催化剂可回收重复使用的优点.     

Pd/SBA-15催化剂的制备及交叉偶联反应研究

通过两步法制备了一种钯负载的介孔SBA-15催化剂(Pd/SBA-15),并将其应用于Suzuki反应,研究其催化交叉偶联反应性能.结果发现Pd/SBA-15催化剂对该反应具有良好的催化效果,催化循环实验表明其结构稳定、易于回收,有较好的应用前景.     

一价金上发生的卤代芳烃的氧化加成、转金属化以及还原消除反应

正过渡金属催化芳基卤化物的交叉偶联反应是合成化学中的一大研究热点。过渡金属钯是最常用的芳基卤化物的交叉偶联反应催化剂。在该类反应中,金试剂常用做转金属试剂参与反应。而单独用Au来代替Pd催化的双芳基偶联反应的研究却鲜有报道[1-2]。这主要是由于AuI/AuIII(1.41V)的氧化还原电位相对于Pd0/PdII(0.92V)较高而很难发生氧化加成过程导致的[3]。然而,Au具有独特     

磁性负载催化剂Pd/Fe_3O_4的制备及其在Sonogashira反应中的应用

利用浸渍法制备Pd/Fe_3O_4负载型磁性纳米催化剂并对其进行表征,研究Pd/Fe_3O_4在碘苯与苯乙炔的Sonogashira偶联反应中的催化性能.结果表明:在100℃、DMF为溶剂、K_2CO_3为碱源的反应条件下, Pd的负载量摩尔分数为13.7%时, Pd/Fe_3O_4的催化活性最高;其催化活性与负载的纳米Pd粒径有关, Pd粒径为3.56 nm时催化性能最佳;利用外磁场分离回收催化剂,循环使用5次后,其催化产率为75.3%,仍有较高的催化活性.     

负载型钯催化剂用于氯代芳烃Suzuki交叉偶联反应的研究进展

Suzuki交叉偶联反应是一类典型的形成碳-碳单键的反应,是以金属钯(Pd)为催化剂,卤代芳烃与有机硼酸化合物进行的交叉偶联反应.相对于传统仅用价廉易得的氯代芳烃化合物为反应原料的Suzuki交叉偶联反应,负载型Pd催化剂有着催化高效、分离简便、可重复使用等优点.简述了不同载体负载的Pd催化剂对于氯代芳烃的Suzuki交叉偶联反应的研究进展.     

Pd催化交叉偶联反应研究进展

综述以Heck反应、Negishi反应和Suzuki反应为主导的Pd催化交叉偶联技术,着重阐述以磁性纳米粒子(MNPs)、高分子为载体的负载型Pd催化剂的研究进展及其在有机化学中的应用.     

羊毛-钯-镍配合物对芳硝基化合物催化加氢反应的催化性能

生物高分子负载型双金属羊毛-钯-镍络合物对芳硝基化合物催化加氢反应性能的研究,发现该催化剂制备简单,温和条件下能有效地将芳硝基化合物催化加氢.考察了反应温度、溶剂、金属负载量、Pd/Ni比、溶液pH等对催化加氢反应的影响.在最佳条件下,芳硝基化舍物被100%的转化为芳胺化合物,并且催化荆重复使用4次,仍有较高的催化活性.     

含氟苯甲酰基硫脲衍生物的合成及生物活性研究

以PEG-400为催化剂,将超声波辐射与相转移催化技术联用,通过含氟苯甲酰氯与硫氰酸铵反应合成了中间体含氟苯甲酰基异硫氰酸酯,它分别与芳胺和2,2′-二氨基乙二醇二苯醚反应,高产率获得12种相应含氟苯甲酰基硫脲衍生物.初步生物活性实验表明,目标化合物对油菜和小麦的生长均具有显著的促进作用,且双硫脲衍生物对植物生长的促进作用优于单硫脲衍生物.     

苯基脒/碘化亚铜催化碘代芳烃与二芳胺的反应

N-烷(芳)基苯甲酰胺与氯化亚砜作用后,在三乙胺存在下与芳伯胺或脂肪伯胺反应,方便、高产率地得到了6个N,N′-烷基或芳基苯甲脒;然后将其作为配体应用于铜催化的碘苯与二苯胺的偶联反应中,该类配体显示出了良好的活性,其中N-苯基-N′-叔丁基苯甲脒(L6)的活性最高,产率达到96%;不同取代的碘代芳烃和含有吸电子或供电子基团的二苯胺用这一催化体系进行底物扩展,均能以很高的产率得到偶联产物。将这一催化体系应用于OLED(Organic LightEmitting Diode)的空穴传输材料N,N,N′,N′-四苯基联苯二胺(TPB)及其溴代的衍生物的合成中,分别以77%和70%的产率得到目标产物。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-