抗金黄色葡萄球菌活性炭的制备及工艺优化

本研究采用浸渍法制备了良好抗菌性能的载铜活性炭。通过单因素Plackett －Burman （ PB）设计和Box－Behnken Design （ BBD）中心组合设计法,考察各工艺条件对所制备的载铜活性炭抗菌率的影响,确定制备载铜活性炭的最佳工艺条件为活化时间2h,氯化铜浓度为0．07 mol· L－1,浸渍时间2h,活化温度700℃,浸渍比3时,抗菌率达100％。另外,采用傅立叶红外光谱仪、比表面积及孔径分析仪表征了活性炭的孔结构及表面官能团,通过傅立叶红外光谱仪分析得知其表面基团存在较多的含氧基团,通过孔径及表面积分析可知活性炭主要以微孔为主,也有不少数量的中孔存在。     

微波辐射-ZnCl2活化柚子皮制备活性炭

以废料柚子皮为原料,ZnCl2为活化剂,采用微波辐射法制备了活性炭．采用正交实验研究了活化剂浓度、微波功率和活化时间对活性炭得率和吸附性能的影响．同时采用美国ASAP-2020吸附仪测定了所制备活性炭的Na吸附脱附等温线和孔径分布,采用红外光谱分析了样品的表面官能团,采用扫描电镜观察了样品的表面形貌．结果表明：ZnCl2质量浓度为50％,微波功率为850W,活化时间为8min工艺条件下制得的活性炭碘吸附值为1024mg／g;亚甲基蓝吸附值为160mL／g,产率为34．5％;比表面积为1490mm／g,总孔容为1．574cm^3／g,平均孔径为4．225nm．该活性炭为中孔型,比市售活性炭有更加发达的孔隙结构及更多的表面含氧基团,吸附性能优于市售活性炭．     

中等比表面积高容量活性炭电极材料制备和表征

以天然高分子椰壳为原料,采用ZnCl2,预活化和CO2/水蒸气活化的二次活化法制备活性炭.用氮气吸附和傅里叶红外表征活性炭材料的比表面积,孔结构以及表面化学性质.结果显示,所制备的活性炭比表面积和孔径可调,中孔率为16.3%～36.9%.经首步活化的中间炭具有丰富的微孔和表面官能团,并随着第二步活化时间的增加逐渐分解,同时伴随着炭烧失率增加,导致比表面积、孔容和孔径的增大.以制备的活性炭作为电极材料,6 mol·L-1 KOH电解液构成模拟电容器.采用恒流充放电、循环伏安、交流阻抗等方法研究了其电化学性能.结果显示,含氧官能团增加了活性炭表面的润湿性,并对比电容的增加有较大的贡献;而炭材料的比表面积增加对比电容有负面影响.中等比表面积968 m2·g-1样品的比电容达到278 F·g-1,面积比电容高达29μF·cm-2.     

活性炭吸附二氧化碳性能的研究

采用常压流动吸附法研究了活性炭吸附剂在二氧化碳/氮气体系中对二氧化碳的动态吸附性能,比较了其吸附量、吸附穿透曲线和吸附性能的差异,研究了活性炭的比表面积、孔径分布及表面官能团对其二氧化碳吸附性能的影响。结果表明,原料煤的性质影响活性炭对二氧化碳的吸附性能;二氧化碳的吸附量与吸附剂的比表面积、孔径分布有关,但孔径分布是主要的因素。吸附剂的孔径分布在0.5～1.7nm范围内时,有利于对二氧化碳的吸附;经多次循环吸脱附后,吸附剂对二氧化碳的吸附量略有减小并达到恒定值,孔容小和孔径分布窄的吸附剂的吸附量衰减较快。     

改性活性炭负载铁氧化物及其对Pb2+的吸附特性研究

以过硫酸盐预处理活性炭再用化学沉淀法联合超声技术制备出的磁性活性炭,具有比表面积高、官能团丰富、磁性能好等优点,其磁性活性炭比表面积为646.81 m2/g,孔径为2.11 nm,孔容为0.327 m2/g. 官能团主要为羟基、羧基和酯基等. 饱和磁化强度为10.07 emu/g,有利于吸附后的分离,剩余磁化强度为1.165 emu/g,具有一定的抗退磁能力. 采用静态吸附实验的方法,比较了活性炭和制备的磁性活性炭在水溶液中对铅的吸附量,结果表明磁性活性炭对铅的饱和吸附量为68.925 mg/L,远超过活性炭对铅的吸附量30.125 mg/L,显示出磁性活性炭对水溶液中铅优异的吸附性能.     

树脂基活性炭球的制备及其二苯并噻吩吸附性能

采用间乙基苯酚和甲醛为反应单体,乙二醇和聚乙二醇为添加剂,利用悬浮聚合和水蒸气活化制备出不同孔结构的活性炭球。通过场发射扫描电子显微镜和孔结构全自动物理吸附仪对样品的形貌和结构进行表征分析;并采用含有二苯并噻吩的正辛烷溶液作为模型油,对所制备的活性炭球的二苯并噻吩吸附性能进行评价。结果表明:添加乙二醇和聚乙二醇提高了活性炭球的比表面积和孔容,改善了活性炭球的孔结构,活性炭球的最高比表面积和总孔容分别为1 504m2/g和0.71cm3/g;活性炭球对二苯并噻吩的吸附容量增加,孔径为0.6~1.2nm的孔容对二苯并噻吩吸附能力起决定作用。     

PAN基中空活性炭纤维的制备及性能研究

讨论了用聚丙烯腈（PAN）基中空纤维为原料，采用KOH活化法制备中空活性炭纤维（ACHF）的活化过程。考察不同KOH质量浓度对中空活性炭纤维性能的影响。测量了比表面积和得率，孔径分布，用碘吸附值、亚甲基兰吸附值测定了中空活性炭纤维的吸附性能，用SEM观察了其表面结构。结果显示，KOH活化法得到的中空活性炭纤维具有窄的孔径分布，较大的比表面积和较高的得率。     

微波改性活性炭吸附1,2-二氯乙烷的性能研究

采用微波高温烧结炉分别在600℃,700℃和800℃下对商业活性炭进行改性,利用比表面积及孔径分析仪、Boehm滴定、傅立叶变换红外光谱比较分析活性炭的比表面积和孔结构、表面官能团等物化性质.以1,2-二氯乙烷为吸附质进行固定床吸附实验.研究表明:改性后活性炭表面酸性基团减少,碱性基团随温度升高增多;比表面积、孔容减小,微孔比表面积增加;活性炭对1,2-二氯乙烷的吸附量排序为:AC-800AC-700AC-600AC-0;灰色关联度分析结果表明:改性活性炭的物理结构特性对吸附量的影响大于表面基团;D-R模型和动力学模型拟合结果都表明活性炭对1,2-二氯乙烷的吸附主要为物理吸附.     

饮用水处理中活性炭吸附对BrO_3~-的去除研究

用HNO3,HCl,NaOH及NH3分别对颗粒活性炭进行表面改性,通过静态吸附试验研究水中BrO-3在颗粒活性炭上的吸附特性,考察了活性炭孔径分布及官能团变化对BrO-3吸附的影响,测定了活性炭的吸附动力学曲线和吸附等温线.结果表明:BrO-3在活性炭上的吸附符合伪二级速率方程及内颗粒扩散模型,吸附中存在孔扩散过程,且孔扩散为活性炭吸附的主要速率控制步骤.活性炭的中孔体积是其吸附能力的主要控制因素,同时活性炭表面较高的碱性官能团和零电荷点法(pHpzc)有利于BrO-3的去除.     

富含纳米孔活性炭的制备、表征及其吸附性能研究

以玉米秸秆皮为原材料,在无惰性气体氛围下,以ZnCl2为活化剂制备活性炭.以亚甲基蓝为探针分子,通过正交实验获得最优活性炭的制备工艺.通过扫描电镜对所制最优活性炭的表面形貌进行研究,运用氮气吸附-脱附实验对其比表面积和孔容积进行检测,并考察了吸附时间、吸附温度对其吸附亚甲基蓝性能的影响.扫描电镜观测到自制活性炭表面具有大量纳米孔,氮气吸附-脱附实验结果表明,自制活性炭平均孔径为1.98 nm,比表面积达到934 m2/g,孔结构中以微孔为主.自制活性炭在60 min左右可以达到吸附平衡,并且吸附效果随温度升高变化不大,吸附效果明显优于市售活性炭.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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