光强对曼地亚红豆杉膜代谢及保护系统的影响

以不同光强下的3年生曼地亚红豆杉(Taxus cv.Hicksii)为材料,并以自然光作为对照,探讨了光强对曼地亚红豆杉膜代谢及体内保护系统的影响,结果表明：一层遮荫较对照提高了保护酶SOD、POD、CAT活性和抗氧化物质ASA(ascorbic acid抗坏血酸)的含量,降低了O2.-产生速率、MDA(malondialdehyde 丙二醛)含量和细胞膜相对透性,从而使膜脂过氧化维持在一定水平。而二层遮荫下的叶片CAT活性较对照明显增强,但由于SOD、POD酶活性及ASA含量均较对照降低,而使O2.-产生速率、MDA含量上升,细胞膜相对透性有所增加。结果表明,一层遮荫(50．0％的透光率)提高了曼地亚红豆杉清除活性氧的能力,是曼地亚红豆杉在重庆低海拔地区种植的最适宜的光环境。     

不同光照条件下曼地亚红豆杉抗寒力的变化及内源激素调控

以不同光照条件下的3年生曼地亚红豆杉为材料，研究了其叶片在自然降温过程中抗寒力的变化及其内源激素的调控，结果表明：不同光照条件下的曼地亚红豆杉抗寒力强弱的顺序为：自然光，1层遮荫，2层遮荫。在自然降温过程中，自然光下植株叶片抗寒力的提高主要与ABA含量增加及ZRs含量下降有关；1层遮荫抗寒力提高主要与ABA含量增加及GA含量下降有关；2层遮荫抗寒力提高主要与IAA含量下降和ABA含量上升有关。其中，ABA含量与抗寒力强弱关系最为密切。     

土壤水分胁迫对曼地亚红豆杉光合特性的影响

以引种栽培的3年生曼地亚红豆杉为材料，研究了土壤水分胁迫对光合作用的影响。结果表明，水分胁迫使曼地亚红豆杉叶绿素含量下降，叶绿素a的降幅比叶绿素b大；光合速率、光饱和点降低，光补偿点和CO2补偿点升高。土壤含水量维持在田间最大持水量的80％以上，有利于曼地亚红豆杉光合作用的正常进行。     

银杏与珊瑚树光合及蒸腾特性研究

通过测定相同生境中银杏(Ginkgobiloba)与珊瑚树(Viburnumodoratissimum)的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度等生理性指标及其叶绿素含量,研究了两种植物在栽培条件下的光合与蒸腾特性。结果表明:银杏的光补偿点(45μmolm-2s-1)和光饱和点(1236μmolm-2s-1)高于珊瑚树的光补偿点(31μmol·m-2·s-1)和光饱和点(1125μmol·m-2·s-1),前者的光合作用最适温度也高于后者。银杏和珊瑚树的净光合速率日变化都呈现中午降低型,其蒸腾速率日变化也均呈单峰曲线变化。两种植物的气孔导度在午间保持较低值,对光合作用有明显的限制作用。     

强光对番茄低温弱光胁迫后不同叶片恢复的影响

5℃低温弱光(50μmol·m-2·s-1)处理3d导致番茄叶片Pn、Fv/Fm、ФPSⅡ的下降,但F0并没有变化;强光(800μmol·m-2·s-1),25℃条件恢复5h,番茄成熟叶片Pn、Fv/Fm基本能得到恢复,ФPSⅡ则略有下降;而成长叶片Fv/Fm以及ФPSⅡ却显著下降,F0也明显增加.恢复3d后成熟叶光合作用、叶绿素荧光参数完全得到恢复,而成长叶虽稍有恢复但仍保持较低水平.     

强光对番茄低温弱光胁迫后不同叶片恢复的影响

5℃低温弱光(60μmol·m-2·s-1)处理3d导致番茄叶片Pn、Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ的下降,但F0并没有变化;强光(800μmol·m-2·s-1),25℃条件恢复5h,番茄成熟叶片Pn、Fv/Fm基本能得到恢复,ΦPSⅡ则略有下降;而成长叶片Fv/Fm以及ΦPSⅡ却显著下降,F0也明显增加.恢复3d后成熟叶光合作用、叶绿素荧光参数完全得到恢复,而成长叶虽稍有恢复但仍保持较低水平.     

遮荫处理的白英光合作用和叶绿素荧光特性研究

利用GFS-3000 光合作用仪和MINI-PAM 叶绿素荧光仪测定了遮荫处理(平均光强分别为1 000(对照)、500和250 μmol·m-2·s-1)后白英植株光合作用和叶绿素荧光特性的变化,从而研究了适宜栽培白英的光照条件.结果表明,白英的光系统Ⅱ实际光化学效率和最大光化学效率的日变化比较平稳且维持在一个较高的水平;随着遮光处理的加强,白英叶片的净光合速率,补偿点、光饱和点、CO-2补偿点和CO-2饱和点均呈现出下降的趋势,而光合色素含量均呈现上升的趋势.研究结果证实,白英最适合在866.00 μmol·m-2·s-1光照条件下栽培.     

基于三维模型的枇杷冠层光截获模拟与分析

利用点云数据与L-系统规则结合建模的方法,生成精细与高真实感的枇杷果树模型;利用辐射度模型模拟计算了枇杷冠层截获的光合有效辐射（PAR）,并从受光面积与光合速率的角度对不同冠形的枇杷冠层光截获效率进行了定量化分析。结果表明：植物冠形对于入射光的响应有明显差异;经过比较,枝叶排列较为开阔且均匀的冠形光截获量与光合速率更优,冠层整体日平均直射PAR与散射PAR分别为154.77 umol·m-2·s-1与47.20 umol·m-2·s-1,日最高光合速率为3.97umol·m-2·s-1。模拟结果与实际情况基本一致,合理可信。研究结果可为农业生产管理以及果树形态设计提供了科学依据与参考。     

重庆石灰岩地区十大功劳(Mahonia fortunei) 的光合响应研究

运用开放式气体交换CI-310便携式光合作用测定系统,研究了重庆石灰岩地区适生灌木十大功劳(Mahonia fortunei)的光合光响应特性.结果表明十大功劳的净光合速率对光合有效辐射的响应模型为二次曲线方程;蒸腾速率对光的响应模型为一次线性方程;气孔导度对光的响应趋势基本与光合速率一致;胞间CO2浓度的响应趋势与净光合速率恰好相反.净光合速率、蒸腾速率、胞间CO2浓度均与气孔导度有较强的线性关系.十大功劳的光补偿点为61 μmol·m-2·s-1,光饱和点为1 725 μmol·m-2·s-1,为典型的阳性植物,有较高的水分利用效率,但以牺牲光能利用效率为代价.这些光合响应特性是与石灰岩地区的生境相适应的.     

光照对坛紫菜生长和无机碳利用的影响

］以坛紫菜Z-61品系为研究材料,分析坛紫菜叶状体和丝状体在三种光强（10,50,500 μmol·m-2·s-1）下的应答。发现:1）坛紫菜叶状体和丝状体的光系统 Ⅱ 最大量子产量及叶绿素a和藻红蛋白的含量都随光强增加而降低,但净光合速率、最大光合速率、胞外碳酸酐酶活性和总碳酸酐酶活性则随光强增加而增加。2）当光强从10 μmol·m-2·s-1增加到500 μmol·m-2·s-1时,坛紫菜叶状体的生长速率约增加77%;丝状体的生长速率先增加后降低,在光强500 μmol·m-2·s-1下达到最低,比在10 μmol·m-2·s-1下显著下降了约90%。3）在三种光强下,坛紫菜叶状体的最大光合速率、光系统 Ⅱ 最大量子产量和生长速率都大幅高于丝状体。这些结果表明:坛紫菜的光系统 Ⅱ、光合作用与生长对光强的应答并不完全一致;叶状体比丝状体更适应高光,这可能是长期进化的结果;光强可以改变坛紫菜对无机碳的吸收。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.