ECT图像重建中最小坡度正则化参数选择方法

电容层析成像图像重建反问题常常是不适定的.提出了一种在最小坡度曲线段中选择Tikhonov正则化参数的新方法用于求解这一不适定反问题.对于测量数据的干扰,不适定问题的一些正则化解比其他的解敏感程度低.该方法使用一定准则选取不敏感正则化解中的一个,将这个解对应的正则化参数作为最优值.通过仿真实验,针对两种典型介质分布,将基于最小坡度方法计算的正则化参数与流行的L-曲线法在电容测量数据施加噪声情况下的图像重建结果进行了比较.实验表明基于新方法的图像重建结果要好于L-曲线法.     

基于三维模型的改进正则化ERT成像算法

电阻层析成像（ERT）通过对被测场边界注入电流,测量被测场电压变化,重建物场内电导率．针对ERT成像分辨率低,提出一种基于三维模型的改进Tikhonov迭代电阻成像算法．针对Tikhonov正则化参数选择问题,提出基于同伦映射的方法,并利用非线性函数Sigmoid调节正则化参数,以获得的图像灰度值作为Tikhonov迭代法的初始值进行迭代,重建敏感场图像．仿真及实验结果表明,该方法有效地改进了ERT图像质量．     

基于空间自适应正则化的超分辨率重建算法

针对模糊图像的复原问题,从正则化技术克服问题病态性的思想出发,研究了一种有效的超分辨率重建算法。该算法充分考虑了图像的局部特性,引入了空间自适应加权矩阵,采用全局正则化参数与局部正则化参数矩阵相结合的方法,弥补了传统正则化方法所带来的正则化误差以及噪声放大误差。实验结果表明,该算法能够有效地减少重建误差,保护图像的细节信息。     

具有噪声估计机制的偏差迭代图像复原

研究了Morozov偏差方程,将图像退化模型的Tikhonov正则化解构造Morozov偏差方程.用小波变换估计图像信号的噪声能量,并运用到Morozov偏差方程中,利用Morozov偏差原理迭代求取正则参数,从而得到正则化解.提出了一种具有噪声能量估计的偏差迭代图像复原正则化方法.实验表明:在图像信号噪声未知的情况下,该迭代方法的图像复原具有较快的计算收敛速度和较好的复原能力.     

基于模拟退火粒子群算法的MIT图像重建方法

为了改善逆问题病态性又能提高图像重建质量,提出了一种基于模拟退火粒子群算法的MIT图像重建方法.根据Hessian矩阵的维度,构建了一种Tikhonov和NOSER型混合多参数正则化算法.将模拟退火算法和粒子群算法进行组合,以广义交叉准则构建目标函数,进行正则化多参数寻优.结果表明,所提方法不仅有效克服了MIT重建图像数值解的不稳定性,增强了抗噪性能,而且所获得的重建图像的质量优于Tikhonov正则化和混合正则化算法,为MIT技术应用提供了理论参考.     

基于多球域波叠加法的PNAH正则化方法的仿真研究

本文阐述了基于多球域波叠加法的局部近场声全息声场重建原理,由于基于多球域波叠加法的PNAH的声场重建是典型的反问题,测量误差的存在使得该反问题的求解具有"不适定"特性,必须进行正则化处理.在此理论的基础上,加入高斯白噪声情况下,本文运用了Tikhonov正则化和L-曲线相结合的方法进行声场重建.并通过仿真实验,证明了该方法的有效性.     

基于L曲线法正则参数优化反演光子相关光谱

为解决多分散性光子相关光谱反演运算存在的典型不适定性问题,基于Tikhonov正则化策略采用L曲线法确定正则参数反演光子相关光谱.数值模拟的结果表明,在不同的模拟测量噪声下,该方法能成功反演各种粒径分布.聚苯乙烯乳球实验表明,L曲线法可应用于实际实验数据的反演,确定正则参数反演光子相关光谱,是一种有效的光子相关光谱数据处理方法.     

基于模拟退火粒子群算法的MIT图像重建方法

为了改善逆问题病态性又能提高图像重建质量,提出了一种基于模拟退火粒子群算法的MIT图像重建方法.根据Hessian矩阵的维度,构建了一种Tikhonov和NOSER型混合多参数正则化算法.将模拟退火算法和粒子群算法进行组合,以广义交叉准则构建目标函数,进行正则化多参数寻优.结果表明,所提方法不仅有效克服了MIT重建图像数值解的不稳定性,增强了抗噪性能,而且所获得的重建图像的质量优于Tikhonov正则化和混合正则化算法,为M IT技术应用提供了理论参考.     

几种漫射光学成像图像重建算法的比较研究

针对漫射光学成像(DOT)选择不同的逆问题求解算法将直接影响成像质量的问题,对4种常用重建算法的重建效果进行了比较研究,采用双异质模型,利用Rytov方法对扩散近似方程进行近似,假设散射系数是已知常量,重点关注吸收系数图像的重建.通过使用Tikhonov正则化、截断奇异值分解(TSVD)、代数重建算法(ART)和同时迭代重建技术(SIRT)4种常用重建算法,对不同条件下的双异质图像的逆问题进行求解,研究不同算法重建后图像的空间分辨率、抗噪声能力和成像速度.研究结果表明:低噪声条件下,Tikhonov正则化算法重建图像的空间分辨率最好;当信噪比小于20 dB时,TSVD算法具有最佳的抗噪声性能;当源-探测器结构不变,成像的感兴趣区域的尺寸和体素划分固定时,Tikhonov正则化算法的速度最快.总体上讲,子空间技术优于代数重建技术,研究结果对不同成像条件下选择合适的重建算法具有一定的指导意义.     

奇异值分解(SVD)和Tikhonov正则化方法在振速重建中的应用

基于辐射声奔放理建结构表面的振动速度存在解的离散病态问题，从间接边界元法（IBEM）的双层势表达式出发，建立了外部场压和结构表面振动速度之间关系的传递矩阵，为消除病态问题引起的重建结构对附加噪声的高度灵敏性的影响，对传递短阵进行奇异值分解，关用Tikhonov正则化方法对重建结果处理，且采用L－曲线标准选择出最佳的正则化参数，数值计算结果表明，重建结果与真实振源比较接近，该方法可进一步用于重建任意复杂结构面上的振速。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-