纳米SnO_2/TiO_2复合光催化材料的制备

利用均匀沉淀法制备纳米 Sn O2 / Ti O2 复合光催化材料 ,考察了操作参数如 p H值、水解反应温度、反应物浓度、水解反应时间对粒子制备过程的影响 .当 Sn Cl4浓度为 2 .0× 10 - 2 mol/ l、尿素浓度为 1.2 mol/ l、起始 p H值为0 .94、反应温度为 85± 1℃、反应时间为 4h时 ,经 6 0 0℃煅烧 2 h获得的 Sn O2 / Ti O2 颗粒的粒径为 2 5～ 35 nm、单分散性较好 ,由锐钛矿相 Ti O2 和四方晶系 Sn O2 组成 ;该颗粒作为光催化剂处理活性艳红 X- 3B溶液 ,其活性高于纯纳米 Ti O2 颗粒和 Sn O2 颗粒 .     

微乳液法制备纳米Al2(WO4)3

对微乳液法制备纳米Al2(WO4)3进行了研究.分别以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和二(2-乙基己基)磺基琥珀酸钠(AOT)为表面活性剂,在表面活性剂-正辛烷-盐水体系的W/O微乳液区成功地合成了纳米Al2(WO4)3.实验结果表明,以AOT为表面活性剂的微乳液体系制备的纳米Al2(WO4)3颗粒小,粒度分布均匀,其颗粒大小在40 nm左右且为球形.同时还在CTAB/正丁醇-正辛烷-盐水体系的W/O微乳液区、O/W微乳液区和液晶区合成了Al2(WO4)3,并将产物进行了比较.结果表明,在W/O微乳液区能够合成出粒度分布较均匀且粒径在100 nm以内的纳米Al2(WO4)3.     

均匀沉淀法制备纳米α-Al2O3粉

以Al（NO3）4.9H2O、NH4HCO3和C6H8O7.H2O为主要原料,采用均匀沉淀法制备纳米α-Al2O3粉。研究了表面活性剂和过滤方法对前躯体转晶温度的影响,采用XRD和TEM对粉体进行表征。结果表明：在前躯体制备过程中加入表面活性剂PEG6000可使前躯体的转化温度降低75℃,常压过滤比用真空抽滤的前躯体转化温度低25℃,前躯体转化为α-Al2O3相的最佳煅烧温度是1050℃;制备的α-Al2O3是粉体分散性良好的片状晶体,呈两极分布状态,小颗粒平均粒径约20nm,大颗粒的宽约50～80nm、长约100～200nm。     

氧化锌、氧化亚锡的复合化学镀铜

研究了氧化锌、氧化亚锡两种固体微粒复合化学镀铜的工艺条件。重点探讨了镀液温度、p H值、Zn O及 Sn O浓度对黑碳钢表面复合化学镀铜层耐磨性的影响。结果是 :对 Cu- Zn O镀层 ,当镀液温度为 6 5°C、p H值为 1 2 .5、Zn O含量为 1 0 g/ L时镀层质量最好 ;对 Cu- Sn O镀层 ,当镀液温度为 70°C、p H值为 1 2 .5、Sn O含量为 5g/ L时镀层质量最好。同时 ,本文对 Cu、Cu- Zn O及 Cu- Sn O三种不同镀层的抗氧化性、耐磨性、镀层与基体的结合力作了比较 ,发现三种镀层与基体材料的结合力很强 ,而以 Cu- Sn O镀层抗氧化性及耐磨性为最佳。     

α-Fe_2O_3纳米颗粒的制备及其对曙红B的吸附性能研究

以Fe(NO_3)_3·9H_2O与Na_2S_2O_3为前驱体溶液,加入表面活性剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP),采用光化学合成方法首先制备FeO(OH)/S粉体材料,然后通过高温煅烧后得到Fe_2O_3纳米颗粒.结果表明,随着煅烧温度的升高,α-Fe_2O_3纳米颗粒的结晶度变好,晶粒粒度逐渐增大;α-Fe_2O_3纳米颗粒对曙红B具有较好的吸附效果,煅烧温度为400℃时吸附效果最佳.研究了不同吸附剂用量、p H对吸附性能的影响.Fe_2O_3纳米颗粒对曙红B的吸附过程符合二级动力学与Freundich等温吸附模型,最大吸附量为368 mg/g.     

复配表面活性剂对布敦岩沥青与水界面性质的影响

目的将两种表面活性剂复配,拟减少碱用量,研究表面活性剂在布敦岩沥青与水界面的吸附性能,为热碱水洗分离布敦岩沥青技术的应用提供指导.方法采用热碱水洗法分离天然沥青油,分析碱度、固液比、温度、吸附时间等条件对布敦岩沥青与水界面吸附性能的影响.结果复配表面活性剂质量分数为2%时,在p H值为8、固液比为1∶40、温度为75℃、吸附时间为90 min等条件下吸附效果较好.结论吸附动力学表明,p H值为8时吸附速率常数Ka比p H值为4时大,而吸附活化能Ea却比p H值为4时小,说明p H值为8时更利于反应的进行.吸附热力学表明,表面活性剂在布敦岩沥青与水界面的吸附过程是吸热、且自发的过程.红外光谱显示,表面活性剂在布敦岩沥青与水界面的吸附是物理吸附.     

抗菌性植物精油的复配及其微乳液的制备

针对单一植物源杀菌剂存在高成本、低抗菌性且抗菌谱较窄及植物精油不稳定的问题,设计开发了一种新型的抗菌复方精油微乳液.采用协同指数法确定精油的最佳复配组合,并利用相转化法制备其微乳液,通过分析拟三元相图中微乳液区域的大小研究了表面活性剂、助表面活性剂、表面活性剂与助表面活性剂的质量比(Km)及油相含量对微乳液形成的影响.结果表明:在室温条件下,以丁香油-肉桂油-大蒜油复配精油(质量比8∶1∶8)为油相、Tween-80为表面活性剂、甘油为助表面活性剂、蒸馏水为水相,当Km=5∶1、油相和混合表面活性剂的质量比为2∶8时,制备的微乳液抗菌性能显著,且外观及稳定性等均较好.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备ITO薄膜及其光电特性研究

以InCl3·4H2O和SnCl4·5H2O为主要原料,采用溶胶一凝胶法和旋转涂膜工艺,在玻璃基片上制备掺锡氧化铟透明导电薄膜(ITO).用紫外-可见透射光谱和四探针技术,研究了不同掺Sn量、不同热处理温度和热处理时间对薄膜光学和电学性能的影响.实验结果表明,最佳工艺条件为掺Sn量11%,热处理温度480℃,热处理时间60min.在最佳工艺条件下制备的ITO薄膜可见光透过率达82%以上,薄膜的方块阻为390Ω/□.     

微乳液法制备纳米CoFe2O4

以TX-10 AEO9/正戊醇/环己烷/水为微乳体系,制备了CoFe2O4纳米颗粒.用X射线、扫描电镜对纳米样品进行了表征,并研究了表面活性剂与助表面活性剂的配比、盐浓度对微乳区域的影响.所制得的CoFe2O4纳米颗粒均匀,粒径为20～50 nm;最佳工艺条件为:表面活性剂TX-10 AEO9与助表面活性剂的质量比为2:1,盐溶液为 0.6 mol/L Fe3 和 0.3 mol/L Co2 的混合溶液及0.6 mol/L的NaOH溶液,回流温度为100 ℃,回流时间为2 h.     

环氧基硅烷改性磁性纳米粒子的制备与表征

以FeCl3·6H2O、FeSO4·7H2O和NH3· H2O为原料,采用化学共沉淀法制备Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子,用γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-560)对其进行表面修饰,制得有机硅改性的Fe3O4磁性颗粒.通过FTIR、TEM、TGA、VSM等分析手段对其结构和性能进行了研究,分析了反应的最佳条件.结果表明,反应最佳条件为:反应温度60℃,反应时间3h,硅烷加入量为0.5 mL,pH值为5-6,反应溶剂乙醇与水的体积比为3∶1.并且KH-560修饰后的磁性颗粒在无水乙醇中表现出了良好的分散性,室温下表现出超顺磁性,比饱和磁化强度为42.2 emu·g-1.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to