碳粒填充床在驻点流场中燃烧的计算研究

建立了碳粒填充床在驻点流场中燃烧的数学模型。此模型由床内一维两相流和床表面边界层流动耦合而成。采用ＰＩＳＯ算法求解。通过计算确定了不同工况下表面反应与气相反应相互作用规律，以及流动参数和碳粒大小对填充床质量燃烧率的影响。计算结果合理。     

平陷供热炉的传热特性研究

针对炉顶发供热炉的传热特性,采用区域法对炉膛内的传热进行了模拟计算。理论计算与实测值较合较好。     

平焰供热炉的传热特性研究

针对炉顶平焰供热炉的传热特性，采用区域法对炉膛内的传热进行了模拟计算。理论计算与实测值符合较好。     

玻壳模具冷却腔内流动传热的数值模拟

给出了玻壳模具冷却腔的流动换热模型及模具冷却腔内表面传热系数的计算方法,采用雷诺时均方程法和可实现是k-ε湍流模型对凸模冷却腔中冷却水的流动和传热进行数值模拟,近壁区域的处理采用壁面函数法．以此为基础,可以计算出冷却水的速度场、换热系数场等的分布,为玻壳模具温度场的数值分析提供了必需的边界条件．     

三维加力燃烧室湍流燃烧的数值模拟

本文对涡扇发动机三维加力燃烧室内的气相湍流燃烧过程进行了数值模拟。湍流模型采用标准ｋ－ｅ模型,湍流燃烧采用涡旋破碎（ＥＢＵ）模型,数值方法采用ＳＩＭＰＬＥ算法。计算结果定性合理。     

蓄热式加热炉流场的数值模拟

利用大型软件CFX建立了蓄热式加热炉炉内速度场的数学模型．采用k-ε模型数值模拟炉内的湍流流动，分析喷口几何形状及尺寸，喷口的分布位置等对炉内的速度分布的影响．计算结果为，蓄热式加热炉炉内流场与传统加热炉迥然不同，流场分布有利于燃料和助燃空气的混合，符合高温低氧燃烧的的流场分布．另外，影响炉内速度场的因素有炉型结构、喷口几何形状与尺寸及喷口的分布位置等．     

风口布置对空调车室内流动与传热影响的数值研究

采用κ-ε紊流模型及贴体坐标,应用整体求解法计算了空调车室内气固耦合传热问题.用Monte Carlo法分析计算了太阳透射辐射在车室内各固体表面引起的附加热流变化,并以此作为能量方程的附加源项,对不同风口布置的空调客车室内流动与传热进行了数值模拟研究.结果表明,送回风口的布置对空调车室内空调效果有较大影响.     

汽车加热器内燃烧的数值模拟

利用AVL公司开发的FIRE软件,对一典型结构蒸发混合式汽车加热器燃烧室内的燃烧过程进行了数值模拟.其中,蒸发和燃烧分别采用Wall Film模型、Coherent Flame模型,氮氧化物(NOx)采用Zeldovich不平衡原理建模,碳烟(Soot)模型为FIRE模型.计算结果及分析表明,一层进气孔布置对燃油蒸汽浓度分布影响很大.加大进气孔直径使进气中心涡流增强,燃油在一级燃烧室中蒸发量增加.主要燃烧发生在二级燃烧室.进气孔切向进气能形成较强的中心涡流,使燃烧高温区主要集中在二级燃烧室的纵向轴心附近.一级燃烧室的周向涡区和二级燃烧室上半部的高温区是Soot生成速率最大的部位;最高燃烧温度未达NOx的生成温度条件,其生成量极少.     

强旋湍流气相燃烧数值模拟

对液排渣立式旋风炉前置室的流场进行了数值模拟，建立了前置室内三维气相燃烧流场的数学模型，计算采用ＳＩＭＰＬＥ算法，其中湍流计算采用有旋流修正的ｋ－ε模型，气相燃烧采用ＥＢＵ－Ａｒｒｈｅｎｉｕｓ模型。计算结果证明，该模型在求解强旋湍流有回流的气相燃烧注场是可行的。     

SIMPLE算法的一个新的改进方案

提出了SIMPLE算法的一个新的改进方案－－MSIMPLE。该采用SIMPLEC中的方法对速度主程进行处理，同时对压力的确定采用SIMPLER中的方法来完成。通过对2个典型的流动传热问题（圆管突扩通道内的流动，正方形空腔内的自然对流）的计算，将该改进方案与SIMPLE，SIMPLEC，SEMPLER算法进行了初步对比，结果表明，改进方案有着更好的收敛特性，并且能节省数值计算的计算时间。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.