臭氧水处理对红富士苹果在两种贮藏温度下 果实品质的影响

研究不同浓度臭氧水处理对红富士苹果在两种贮藏温度下的贮藏品质和生理的影响.分别采用0.3,0.6,0.9,1.2 mg/L的臭氧水处理红富士苹果,然后分别贮藏于13℃和0℃,定期测定贮藏温度下的果实的生理和品质指标.臭氧处理对苹果果实呼吸强度及乙烯的释放均有一定的抑制作用;延缓苹果果实的可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量及硬度的下降,减少果实水分的损失;0℃贮藏的保鲜效果普遍优于13℃贮藏条件.臭氧处理对红富士苹果具有较好的保鲜效果,0.9 mg/L臭氧水处理的效果优于其他各组,且0.9 mg/L臭氧水结合低温的贮藏方式更有利于红富士苹果贮藏品质的保持.     

超声处理钝化鲜切苹果多酚氧化酶动力学研究

研究了超声处理对鲜切苹果多酚氧化酶的钝化效果,并采用一级动力学分析了超声功率(240 ～600W)、温度(30 ～50℃)对鲜切苹果多酚氧化酶的钝化动力学影响.结果表明,鲜切苹果多酚氧化酶的最适温度是30℃,随着热处理时间的延长酶活逐渐下降.超声功率、时间、温度都能显著影响钝化多酚氧化酶的效果,随着超声功率的增加、时间的延长以及温度的升高,超声处理对鲜切苹果多酚氧化酶的钝化效应越大.苹果多酚氧化酶的钝化符合一级反应动力学模型,随着功率和温度的升高,k值上升,D值下降.超声处理降低了多酚氧化酶的热敏感性.     

鲜切蔬菜清洗和护色技术的研究

研究了不同清洗、护色方法及条件对鲜切蔬菜叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光值、色差、相对电导率、呼吸强度、PPO活性、褐变指数和乙烯释放量等生理指标和感官品质在贮藏期间的变化规律。     

鲜切南瓜组织中乙烯产生及1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸(ACC)氧化酶活性的变化

本文以鲜切南瓜为实验材料,研究了切割伤害诱导、外源乙烯和降冰片二烯NBD(2,5-norbonadien)处理对乙烯的产生和ACC氧化酶活性的影响.结果表明,南瓜切割和外源乙烯处理都可诱导乙烯产生和ACC氧化酶活性急速上升,达到高峰后逐渐下降并恢复到接近原来的水平.NBD可有效抑制由伤害诱导的ACC氧化酶活性的增加,进而抑制了乙烯的产生.但当外源乙烯和NBD存在时,ACC氧化酶活性不受NBD抑制,其活性明显增加,然后逐渐下降,72h后恢复到接近原来水平,而乙烯的产生显示了与对照相似的显著增加的结果.实验结果认为切割机械伤害和乙烯处理都可通过诱导ACC氧化酶活性的提高而使乙烯的产生显著增加,NBD对ACC氧化酶的抑制作用可被乙烯所解除.     

不同浓度1-MCP处理对鲜切杨桃贮藏品质的影响

探讨了4℃贮藏条件下,不同浓度1-MCP(0、0.5、1.0和1.5μL/L)处理对鲜切杨桃贮藏品质的影响.结果表明:相比对照处理,1-MCP处理能够有效降低鲜切杨桃的生理代谢水平,并延缓其后熟衰老进程,有利于保持鲜切产品的品质.经统计分析,1-MCP处理有效抑制了鲜切杨桃呼吸强度、细胞膜相对渗透率、腐烂率和褐变指数的上升,延缓了可溶性固形物、可滴定酸和维生素C的损失,有效维持了产品的硬度和感官评分值,其中浓度为1.0μL/L 1-MCP处理的保鲜效果最好.     

超高氧高阻隔膜气调包装对鲜切胡萝卜品质的影响

高氧气调包装是近年来研究较多的气调包装方式之一.研究了在不同储藏温度(4,15,25℃)下,高阻隔膜超高氧气调包装的鲜切胡萝卜品质变化规律(对照空气包装).结果表明,超高氧气调包装显著增加了鲜切胡萝卜的失重率、呼吸强度,同时加速了维生素C、总胡萝卜素含量的损失,但能提高多酚类物质含量.总之,高阻隔膜超氧气调包装不能有效地维持鲜切胡萝卜的品质.     

乙醇对鲜切西兰花品质及其生理、生化代谢的影响

以西兰花为对象,考察不同浓度乙醇处理的鲜切西兰花在贮藏期内菌落总数、失重率、感官品质、相对电导率、总酚、叶绿素以及多酚氧化酶活性和苯丙氨酸转氨酶活性的变化,探讨不同浓度乙醇溶液对鲜切西兰花生理、生化代谢的影响。研究结果表明,乙醇溶液处理鲜切西兰花,不同程度地保持了鲜切西兰花的质地,延缓了营养物质的损失,抑制了PPO和PAL活性,有效地提高了鲜切西兰花贮藏期间的品质,延长了货架期。     

真空充氮热处理对鲜切双孢蘑菇贮藏中褐变的影响

为延缓鲜切双孢蘑菇褐变的发生,研究了不同真空度(0,-20,-40,-60,-80,-98kPa)下充氮热处理对鲜切双孢蘑菇贮藏中的色泽以及过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶、苯丙氨酸解氨酶和总酚含量的影响。结果表明,在实验范围内,真空充氮热处理可以减缓鲜切双孢蘑菇L*值(亮度)的下降速率,抑制其颜色向红色和黄色方向加重,减缓了鲜切双孢蘑菇褐变的发生;与对照组(0kPa)和其他真空度充氮热处理相比,在40℃、热处理5min时,-40kPa和-80kPa真空充氮可使鲜切双孢蘑菇过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶活性保持在较低水平,而保持较高的苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性和总酚含量,进而延缓鲜切双孢蘑菇的衰老并提高其抗性。     

鲜切莴笋低温贮藏期间的品质变化

以鲜切莴笋为原料,研究聚丙烯(PP)保鲜盒和真空包装下鲜切莴笋在低温贮藏期间品质的变化.实验结果表明:两种包装下的鲜切莴笋在9h时品质良好,而24h后的鲜切莴笋已不具有商业价值,真空包装能够有效地控制鲜切莴笋的失重率、呼吸强度、叶绿素损失率、细菌总数,提高莴笋的感官品质和营养价值.     

乙烯利处理对生姜发芽过程中品质及生理变化的影响

本研究以生姜为试材,研究250 mg·L~(-1)乙烯利处理对其生姜发芽过程中品质及生理变化的影响.研究结果表明:与对照相比,乙烯利处理增加了生姜的发芽率,降低了生姜中淀粉含量、维生素C(Vitamin C)含量及总酚含量,促进了呼吸强度的升高;提高了生姜中还原糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量、粗纤维含量和多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase)活性;同时,乙烯利处理还加速了丙二醛(malondialdehyde)含量的积累和过氧化氢(H_2O_2)含量的升高,抑制了过氧化氢酶(catalase)活性和过氧化物酶(peroxidase)活性的升高.因此,250 mg·L~(-1)乙烯利处理促进了生姜发芽,却使其品质发生劣变,营养降低,同时该处理使生姜的抗氧化能力下降,衰老加快.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-