问答社区问句中多字词表达提取

基于互动问答社区问句中多字词表达和问句理解的关系,提出针对互动问答社区问句进行多字词表达抽取,并基于互动问答社区问句中多字词表达的特点,提出适用于互动问答社区的多字词表达提取方法.该方法在利用互信息和停用词表的方法从问句中抽取候选多字词表达的基础上,将候选多字词表达分为正确串、残缺串、冗余串和错误串4类,借助搜索引擎对查询串的优化和候选多字词表达在互联网上的检索结果,设计候选多字词表达校正方法,实现对多字词表达的提取.以新浪爱问知识人问题库中的问句进行实验,结果表明,多字词表达抽取的准确率、召回率和F值分别达到84%,52%和0.64,验证了该方法的有效性.     

基于多层策略的校园智能问答系统

针对高校校园这一应用领域,设计并实现了一种基于多层策略的校园问答系统.提出了校园知识的3种类型,即服务型知识、常见问题型知识及文本检索型知识.针对不同类型的知识,建立了特定服务查询、常见问题查询和自由文本检索多级策略的问答系统模型,逐级匹配查询问句的答案:特定服务查询通过模式匹配将问句转换为服务接口;常见问题查询通过特征关键词提取、问题分类和问句相似度计算算法将问句与常见问题库中的问题-答案对匹配;自由文本检索对全文检索引擎solr返回的候选文档进行答案抽取,获取答案段落.性能测试表明:对80%以上的查询问句,若问题相关知识存在于系统中,则系统都能给出满意的答案.     

基于集合论的中文问答系统查询扩展

在汉语问答系统中,当用自然语言问句进行文档检索时,由于问句比查询词包含更多的语义信息,因此必须进行查询词扩展以提高信息检索的性能.通过分析已有的查询扩展方法,提出了基于集合论的查询扩展新方法.它结合了3种传统的查询扩展方法:语义词典法、自动相关反馈法和问题类型词.实验结果表明该方法在Web检索方面是有效并且优于传统的方法.     

网购客服对话标注与分析

在当前交互式问答的研究中,面向真实应用环境的交互式问答语料比较缺乏。首先收集大量网购客服对话日志作为交互式问答研究的语料数据, 对网购对话日志进行统计分析,然后从对话日志中抽取174组会话,对会话中的非规范语言现象、问句相关现象、问句答案匹配现象等交互式语言现象进行了标注和统计。基于标注统计结果发现:高频语句在网购对话中占较大比例,15%的语句的使用量占客服应答语句总量的45%以上;非规范语言现象出现比例占到会话语句的50%;问句相关现象中指代相关、省略相关、公共词序列相关是最重要的3个相关特征;问句答案匹配现象中交叉匹配的情形占到会话的60%以上;匹配的问答对中问句与答案具有显性匹配特征的占50%以上。     

基于词语情感倾向的问句相似度计算

问句相似度计算是FAQ问答系统的核心问题,直接关系到FAQ问答系统的准确率。对义或反义的词语有着很高的词语相似度值,如果直接用于问句相似度计算中,有可能导致相反的两个问句有着很高的相似度,因此,本文提出了一种基于词语情感的问句相似度计算方法,采用了负加权法降低相反的问句成为相似的问句的可能,实验结果验证了该方法有助于提高问句相似度计算的准确度。     

银行领域汉语自动问答系统BAQS的研究与实现

介绍BAQS的研究背景和系统框架.探讨基于问点块和语义块识别以及句模匹配分析问句的新方法,并用向量表示整个问句语义.借鉴本体和知网思想,构建银行领域本体库和银行知网.采用预先对金融领域实用文本进行标注,依据问句向量从标注树中提取答案.并针对某银行实现汉语自动问答系统.实验表明该方法可行,对自动问答系统的设计具有借鉴意义和深入研究的价值.     

基于问句相似度的本体问答系统

本体问答系统需要实现从自然语言问句到本体查询语句的转换,目前的解决方法主要有自然语言接口和问句相似度方法。针对现有问句相似度方法在本体问答系统中应用的不足,设计了改进的相似度计算方法。通过建立常问问题的查询模式集合,综合考虑问句的统计、语义、结构特征计算目标问句的相似度,分别以自动选择和用户交互两种方式选择目标问句的查询模式,并将其转换成实际SPARQL查询语句,最终检索本体及抽取出答案。两种方式的准确率分别为83.8%和92.1%。     

基于本体的受限领域问答系统研究

鉴于使用本体表示知识利于知识的重用及推理,提出基于本体知识库的受限领域问答系统(QA)框架,该框架可以方便地根据本体知识库和问句语义表征抽取答案.定义了本体的结构,以某医疗领域的本体为例分析本体元素之间的抽象关系;描述问句语义分析的方法,给出答案抽取的相关技术;分析问句类型,给出对应的问句语义表征和答案抽取策略.以某医疗领域的问答系统为实验平台,封闭测试F值为83.86%,开放测试F值为76.04%,效果良好.     

面向自动问答系统的问句相似度计算研究

结构化自动问答系统采用传统方法缺少对词汇、词序和结构的划分,导致语句相似度较低,为了解决该问题,提出了基于Web语义的混合问句相似度计算方法。根据结构化自动问答系统结构,设计系统语句分析模型,通过正向匹配方法,对模型专业词库中的用户输入自然语句进行分词处理,并对字符串之间的关系展开分析。采用非恒定相似度系数来描述2个字符串的相似情况,并由此分析词形、词序和结构相似度,完成不同语句相似度的计算。通过实验对比可知,文章提出的基于Web语义的混合问句相似度计算方法最高计算精准度可达到96%,可提升自动问答系统的整体性能。     

基于特定领域的加权语义相似度算法研究

信息检索模块是自动问答系统中的主要组成部分.实现问题检索的关键问题是句子相似度计算问题.提出的基于特定领域的加权语义相似度算法,首先计算FAQ库中某问句关键词的权重,再利用语义相似度方法,分别计算目标问句各分词与FAQ库问句关键词的相似度矩阵,最后求得2个句子的最终相似度.逐一计算和比较目标问句与FAQ中每个问句的相似度,在大于一定阈值时,最大相似度所对应问句答案输出给用户.由于考虑词语语义和权重2方面信息,实验表明其具有较好的匹配效果.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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