大型绿藻浒苔的产业化开发应用

浒苔是一类大型绿藻,我国浒苔资源丰富.本文介绍浒苔的营养价值和药用价值,综述浒苔及其深加工产品在食品、医药、饲料、新能源等方面的应用,并对其应用前景进行展望,为浒苔资源的进一步开发和利用提供参考资料.     

浒苔绿藻的成因及其治理

近年来,我国海域大面积爆发浒苔绿藻,对海洋水体质量、海洋生物多样性、海洋生态以及海上运输、旅游发展等都带来了较大不利影响。本文通过对浒苔绿藻成因进行生物和环境方面的分析,表明海水的富营养化是浒苔绿藻爆发的主要因素,而陆源污水排放的氮磷含量过高是造成海水富营养化的重要原因。为减少浒苔绿藻对海洋环境的不利影响,提出控制海水排放污染、减少海水富营养化等防治措施,为保护海洋环境、减少浒苔绿藻形成、打造可持续发展的海洋生态系统提供借鉴。     

海洋绿藻77 K低温光谱特性的比较研究

在活体、叶绿体及类囊体膜水平上对8种海洋绿藻，包括2种管藻目绿藻剂松藻和假根羽藻、1种丝藻目绿藻软丝藻和5种石莼目绿藻缘管游苔、条浒苔、石莼、孔石莼及囊礁膜的低温荧光光谱进行了测定，并与高等植物菠菜做了比较．结果表明，几种海洋绿藻都缺少作为高等植物PSI主要表征的730nm长波荧光．其中管藻目绿藻刺松藻和假根羽藻的主发射峰位于685和695nm．说明这些藻类在PSl结构及能量传递方式上可能与高等植物不同．     

漂浮绿藻中缘管浒苔(Ulva linza)鉴定方法的探索(英文)

以研究漂浮绿藻中的缘管浒苔(Ulva linza)为出发点,根据绿藻的形态学特征,选取漂浮绿藻中具有U.linza重要特征的藻体进行形态学、分子生物学的分类学研究.结果显示,具有U.linza重要特征的漂浮藻体大多为LPP复合体(U.linza-procera-prolifera)类群(15个样品),而且采自江苏的DF05、山东的QD03以及浙江的XS01、XS02等4个固着类型的样品也在该分支中.Ulva flexuosa分支中有2个样品(均为采自福建的固着种类),Ulva compressa分枝包含了如东的4个漂浮样品.采自如东内河、射阳沿海池塘的漂浮藻体也均被包含在LPP复合体中.25个样品中只有4个被鉴定为U.linza,与其形态特征研究结果相符合.漂浮绿藻的形态学特征与分子生物学研究结果存在很大差别.这说明单纯地依靠传统分类学特征或分子生物学手段对漂浮绿藻中的缘管浒苔(U.linza)进行分类是不可取的,甚至对漂浮绿藻都不能适用.在同一地点采集到的漂浮绿藻中,大都存在不同形态特征的类型,经过分子生物学分析后被鉴定为不同的种类.根据ITS序列的系统进化树分析结果,绿潮藻中至少存在LPP复合体中的种类以及U.compressa.     

山东苔藓植物新记录

通过整理、鉴定采自于山东各山区的3 000余份苔藓植物标本,发现山东新记录科1个,为扭叶藓科（Trachypodaceae）;山东新记录属10个,分别为花萼苔属（Asterella）,凯氏藓属（Kiaeria）,陈氏藓属（Chenia）,小叶藓属（Epipterygium）,平蒴藓属（Plagiobryum）等;山东新记录种70个,分别为宽片叶苔（Riccardia latifrons）,腐木合叶苔（Scapania massalongoi）,双齿护蒴苔（Calypogeia tosana）,日本曲柄藓（Campylopus japonicus）,辛氏曲柄藓（Campylopus schimperi）等。     

东亚特有植物侧囊苔属(Delavayella Steph．)的模式标定和系统位置探讨

对东亚特有植物侧囊苔属（Delavayella Steph.）的模式标本进行了标定，并作了详细的描述和绘图。在标本查检和文献考证基础上，对该属的系统位置和地理分布进行了探讨，支持侧囊苔属从合叶苔科（Scapaniaceae）中独立出来成为侧囊苔科（Delavayellaceae）的观点。     

应用PM3算法对部分有机锡化合物的QSPR和QSAR研究

应用量子化学ＰＭ３算法计算得到的量子化学参数,进行了部分有机锡化合物的定量结构－性能关系和定量结构－活性关系研究。结果表明,有机锡化合物和正辛醇／水分配系数随着其平均分子 率、分子总的芯排斥能（ＣＣＲ）、相对分子质量（Ｍｔ）和分子最高占据轨道能（Ｅｈｏｍｏ）的增而增大,随着分子电子能（ＥＥ）和分子总量（ＴＥ）的增大而减少,这些有机锡化合物对大型蚤（Ｄａｐｈｎｉａｍａｇｎａ）和两种绿藻（Ｓｃｅｎｅｄ     

福建部分海藻凝集素的检测

用天然和经酶修饰的绵羊、兔、鸡，以及人的Ａ型、Ｂ型、ＡＢ型和Ｏ型７种红细胞，对产于福建的１６种海藻（绿藻１种、红藻８种、褐藻７种）进行了凝集素的检测．实验结果表明，每种海藻提取液至少能凝集２种以上天然或经酶修饰的红细胞。在检测的１６种海藻中，褐藻门的铁钉菜、厚网藻和绿藻门的浒苔产生的阳性凝血结果最广泛，能凝集供试的７种天然或经酶修饰的红细胞．红藻门的粗枝软骨藻、褐藻门的扁铁钉、鼠尾藻的凝血能力最差，只能凝集２或３种天然或经酶修饰的红细胞。在７种红细胞中，绵羊血红细胞对海藻凝集素最敏感。各种类型的红细胞经酶（胰蛋白酶）修饰后，对凝集素的敏感性普遍增加（鸡红细胞对几种海藻例外）。     

厦门集美海域近岸绿潮藻浒苔属生长规律研究

选取厦门集美凤林人造沙滩、人工红树林光滩和龙舟池三个样点,从2009年11月到2010年9月观察研究了浒苔(Enteromorpha)固着和漂浮的野外生长变化规律。结果表明:凤林人造沙滩上的浒苔为固着的缘管浒苔(Enteromorpha linza),冬季是缘管浒苔的生长繁殖期;春季成熟藻体出现,但生物量减少;夏季,当海水温度超过30℃,肉眼不见缘管浒苔。研究还表明缘管浒苔有多种附着基质,包括砾石、砖石、贝壳、维尼纶网片等,但在砖石上藻体生长最为旺盛。龙舟池发现有石莼科的多种大型藻类,但春夏季暴发的绿潮主要是由石莼（Ulva lactuca）引起的,秋季暴发的绿潮中浒苔(Enteromorpha prolifera)占优势。观察期内未见到成熟期释放孢子的石莼。     

江苏省苔藓植物新记录属种

报道了分布于江苏省苔藓植物1个新纪录属、23个新记录种．1个新记录属为陈氏属（Chenia）;23个新记录种为圆叶异萼苔（Heteroscyphus tener）、叉齿异萼苔（Heteroscyphus lophocoleoides）、多褶耳叶苔（Fmllania polyptera）、尼泊尔耳叶苔（Frullania nepalensis）、溪苔（Pellia epiphylla）、小叶苔（Fossombronia pusilla）、粗肋凤尾藓（Fissidens laxus）、多形凤尾藓（Fissidens diversifolius）、黄边凤尾藓（Fissidens geppii）、微疣凤尾藓（Fissidens schwabei）、立膜藓硬叶变种（Hymenostylium recurvirostrum）、平叶墙藓（Tortula planifolia）、丛生短月藓（Brachymenium pendulum）、中华短月藓（Brachymenium sinense）、灰黄真藓（Bryum pallens）、日本匐灯藓（Plagiomnium japonicum）、细枝毛灯藓（Rhizomnium striatulun）、南亚灰藓（Hypnum oldhamii）、黄灰藓（Hypnum pallescens）、扁灰藓（Breidlefia pratensis）、金灰藓（Pylaisia polyantha）、弯枝金灰藓（Pylaisia curviramea）和陈氏藓（Chenia leptophylla）．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.