交联壳聚糖/聚羟基铝改性蒙脱土对水中Cu~(2+)和Pb~(2+)的竞争吸附

以交联壳聚糖和Al13高聚体共同改性所制得的交联壳聚糖/聚羟基铝改性蒙脱土为吸附剂,采用吸附竞争系数描述其在水溶液中对Cu2+、Pb2+的竞争吸附。结果表明,Cu2+、Pb2+存在于水溶液中被吸附时表现为拮抗效应,且此效应显著程度随pH升高而减弱;改性蒙脱土对两种金属离子的吸附选择性顺序为:Cu2+Pb2+。某种金属的吸附量在另一种金属初始浓度增加时基本不变,低浓度条件下,吸附竞争系数受浓度影响较大;离子强度增大促进改性蒙脱土对Cu2+、Pb2+的吸附;Cu2+、Pb2+的竞争吸附行为更符合Freundlich方程。     

天然高岭土对Pb~(2+),Cd~(2+),Ni~(2+),Cu~(2+)的吸附及解吸性能研究

探讨了吸附时间、溶液pH、重金属离子初始质量浓度、离子强度以及竞争吸附等因素对天然高岭土吸附水中Pb2+,Cd2+,Ni2+,Cu2+等重金属离子的影响.结果表明,pH、初始质量浓度、离子强度以及共存离子,是影响高岭土吸附重金属离子的主要因素;高岭土对Pb2+的吸附性能明显优于其它3种重金属离子,顺序为:Pb2+＞Cd2+＞Ni2+＞Cu2+;吸附等温线均符合Freundlich型等温方程,说明高岭土对这几种离子都是典型的单分子层吸附;Pb2+,Cd2+,Ni2+,Cu2+离子解吸量大小顺序为:Pb2+＜Ni2+＜Cu2+＜Cd2+.     

非活性马尾藻对水中Cd~(2+)和Ni~(2+)的生物吸附及脱附研究

【目的】以马尾藻粉为生物吸附剂,研究其在静态实验中对Cd2+和Ni 2+的吸附及脱附能力,并对吸附速度、动力学、重金属选择性和吸附剂再生等问题进行探讨。【方法】采用单因素法分析pH值、初始浓度、平衡离子类型等条件因素对重金属吸附容量的影响,采用准一级和准二级动力学模型对Cd2+、Ni 2+的吸附数据进行拟合。【结果】Cd2+的最佳吸附条件为pH值4.5、初始浓度500mg/L、平衡离子为NO3ˉ,Ni 2+的最佳吸附条件为pH值3.0、初始浓度900mg/L、平衡离子为Clˉ;Cd2+、Ni 2+的吸附平衡到达时间分别为50min和25min;准二级动力学模型对吸附数据的拟合效果更好,相关系数(R2)均大于0.99;对混合溶液中不同重金属的选择性吸附顺序为Pb2+Ni 2+Cd2+Mn2+;1.0mol/L HCl对Cd2+、Ni 2+的理论洗脱率均可达到99%。【结论】马尾藻粉对Cd2+和Ni 2+的吸附容量大,吸附条件温和,重金属脱附率高,是一种性能良好的生物吸附剂。     

海藻酸分子印迹聚合物的合成及其对锌离子的识别作用

将海藻酸钠与锌(II)配位形成配位聚合物膜,用FT-IR和DRS研究所得到的海藻酸-锌(II)配位聚合物(AA-Zn)的形成机理。将此配位聚合物与戊二醛(GA)进行交联,得到交联印迹聚合物前体,并用FT-IR光谱表征其结构。为了制备对Zn2+离子敏感的分子印迹聚合物(MIP),将前体聚合物浸入0.5 moL/L HCl溶液中48 h并搅拌,以洗脱Zn2+离子得到印迹聚合物(MIP-Zn)。洗脱液用UV-Vis光谱检测并验证,UV-Vis谱图显示Zn(II)的特征吸收峰在240 nm处,表明Zn2+离子已被洗脱。将制得的海藻酸钠-锌(II)印迹膜用于吸附Zn2+离子,结果表明印迹聚合物对Zn2+离子有较强的吸附能力。     

Cu(II)离子印迹聚合物微球制备及其性能

饮用水中的重金属是给水处理面临的主要问题之一。以甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EDGMA)为交联剂,甲苯为溶剂,应用反相微乳液聚合方法,制备了Cu(Ⅱ)离子印迹聚合物微球。运用扫描电子显微镜和红外光谱仪等对该印迹聚合物微球进行表征,表明该聚合物微球外观形貌和内部孔隙清晰分明,对水中的重金属Cu(Ⅱ)离子具有良好的识别和吸附性能。     

新型自组装材料的制备及其对钍的识别研究

以钍(IV)为模板离子,制备了基于硅胶表面修饰的离子印迹聚合物.采用傅立叶变换红外光谱和N2吸附-脱附对其进行了结构表征.通过静态分析和动态分析系统研究了印迹聚合物对钍(IV)的吸附行为及选择性,结果表明该印迹材料对钍(IV)的等温吸附线属于Langmuir吸附模型.与非印迹聚合物相比,离子印迹聚合物对钍(IV)离子有较好的选择识别能力,模板离子钍(IV)相对竞争离子铀(VI)、镧(III)和铈(III)的选择系数分别是50.8,78.3和82.6.并且吸附速率快,10 min即达到吸附平衡,最大吸附容量为56.8 mg/g,可望在分离富集领域获得实际应用.     

Mycobacterium phlei菌对重金属Pb~(2+);Zn~(2+);Ni~(2+);Cu~(2+)的吸附规律

研究了Mycobacteriumphlei菌株分别对水相中重金属离子Pb2+,Zn2+,Ni2+,Cu2+的吸附规律·结果表明,Mycobacteriumphlei菌株对水相中的这四种重金属离子均有一定的吸附作用;吸附过程均在10min内就达到平衡;pH对吸附过程影响较大,在pH=3 0～4 0时,Mycobacteriumphlei菌对这四种金属离子吸附效果最好;温度升高对Pb2+,Ni2+和Cu2+的吸附过程不利,但Mycobacteriumphlei菌对Zn2+的吸附则是一个吸热过程·重金属离子在Mycobacteriumphlei菌上的吸附的选择性大小的顺序为:Pb2+>Zn2+>Cu...     

硅藻土对水相中Pb~(2+)的吸附

研究了吉林长白硅藻土吸附水相中Pb2+的吸附过程,讨论了各试验因素对吸附效果的影响·实验结果表明:吉林长白硅藻土对Pb2+有较好的吸附效果·该吸附过程进行得很快,在5min左右就达到吸附平衡·与酸性条件下的吸附效果相比,pH=6 5时的吸附效果最佳·温度对吸附效果影响不大·吸附过程中吸附剂用量少,对100mL铅离子质量浓度为50mg/L的溶液,0 4g的硅藻土就可以使Pb2+去除率达到98%·经过硅藻土二次吸附后,铅离子去除率接近100%·     

氨基磺酸铵-细菌纤维素对Pb~(2+)的吸附性能及机理

为了提高细菌纤维素(BC)对重金属离子的吸附性能,以细菌纤维素为原料通过化学修饰的方法对其进行改性,制备了新型的重金属离子吸附剂氨基磺酸铵-细菌纤维素(ASBC).同时将制得的ASBC用于吸附重金属Pb2+,考察了其对Pb2+吸附性能,并对吸附机理进行了初步研究.结果表明:pH值是影响氨基磺酸铵-细菌纤维素对Pb2+吸附效果的重要参数,对Pb2+的吸附符合二级反应动力学特征和Langmuir吸附等温方程,并具有良好的线性,说明ASBC对Pb2+是典型的单分子层吸附;静电吸引和螯合作用是吸附的主要机理之一.     

新型镧基复合树脂对水中铅离子深度净化研究

通过原位沉淀方法将羟基氧化镧固载到大孔阳离子交换树脂上,制备了纳米复合吸附剂(记作LaPS),该复合吸附剂成功解决了无机纳米颗粒流体系统应用过程中分离技术难题,并依托载体功能基富集效应极大增加了无机纳米颗粒的吸附性能。试验结果表明:复合树脂La-PS在p H值为5~6时对铅的吸附性能最佳,当水中含有大量共存离子时,复合树脂对Pb(II)的吸附选择性远优于其母体材料D001。柱吸附研究表明:经过La-PS处理后,水中的Pb(II)浓度可由5 mg/L降低至1.0 mg/L以下,吸附后的复合材料可以通过HCl+Na Cl高效再生。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-