304不锈钢在模拟压水堆一回路水中高温电化学腐蚀行为

通过模拟压水堆一回路水环境,研究了氯离子浓度和溶解氧对304不锈钢高温电化学腐蚀行为的影响.动电位极化曲线结果表明,氯离子浓度主要影响高电位下的二次钝化效应,低电位下影响效果不明显,结合X射线光电子能谱对氧化膜元素成分的分析发现二次钝化效应与氧化膜中Fe/Cr元素含量比密切相关.电化学阻抗谱和扫描电镜结果表明,随着氯离子浓度增加,氧化膜阻抗逐渐降低,表面外层氧化物颗粒和间隙逐渐增大,耐腐蚀性能降低.随着溶解氧含量的升高,304自腐蚀电位逐渐升高,钝化电流密度降低,钝化区间缩小,表面氧化膜阻抗逐渐增加.     

Passivity breakdown of 13Cr stainless steel under high chloride and CO_2 environment

Herein, the effect of high chloride ion(Cl~-) concentration on the corrosion behavior and passive film breakdown of 13Cr martensitic stainless steel under CO_2 environment was demonstrated. The Cl~- concentration was varied from 30 to 150 g/L and cyclic potentiodynamic polarization was conducted to investigate the influence of the Cl~- concentration on the corrosion potential(E_(corr)), passive breakdown potential(E_(pit)), and repassivation potential(E_(rep)). The results of the polarization curves revealed that 13Cr stainless steel is susceptible to pitting under high Cl~- concentration. The passive breakdown potential and repassivation potential decreased with the increase of Cl-concentration. The semiconducting behavior of the passive film was investigated by Mott-Schottky analysis and the point defect model(PDM). It was observed that the iron cation vacancies and oxygen vacancies were continuously generated by autocatalytic reactions and the higher Cl~- concentration resulted in higher vacancies in the passive film. Once the excess vacancies condensed at the metal/film interface, the passive film became locally detached from the metal, which led to the breakdown of the passive film.     

镍基合金UNS N08028钝化膜的耐蚀性研究

采用高温高压腐蚀试验方法使镍基合金028在100 ℃、130℃和150℃条件下形成钝化膜,利用阳极极化曲线和电容测量法(Mott-Schottky曲线),研究镍基合金钝化膜在不同温度同时含CO2和Cl-的腐蚀介质中的电化学行为和半导体性质.结果表明:在130℃条件下形成的钝化膜对基体的保护作用较强;在3个条件下形成的钝...     

核电蒸汽发生器690合金管在高温高压水中的腐蚀电化学行为

通过模拟压水堆一回路水环境,研究了溶液温度(25~285°C)和溶解氧(DO)(20μg/L,2.1mg/L,8.4mg/L)对690合金电化学腐蚀行为的影响,及690合金在一回路水环境中的均匀腐蚀行为.极化曲线和光电子能谱的结果分析表明:随着溶液温度的升高,690合金的自腐蚀电位下降,自腐蚀电流密度增大,钝化区缩小;随着DO的升高,690合金的自腐蚀电位升高,自腐蚀电流密度降低,钝化区缩小;690合金在一回路水环境中的均匀腐蚀速率为0.244mg/(dm2·h1/2),形成了外层富Fe、Cr和Ni的氢氧化物和内层富Fe、Cr和Ni的金属氧化物的氧化膜.     

耐热合金钢中铬、镍、铜、锰的AAS法快速测定

火焰原子吸收法（即ＡＡＳ法）测量钢样中铬、镍、铜、锰的含量，由于基体中大量存在铁元素的干扰．影响结果的准确性。本文以大量的实验结果为依据，提出选择适当吸收波长并加入氯化铵干扰抑制剂，可以达到较高的准确度和精密度。从而使ＡＡＳ法连续测定钢样中的铬、镍、铜、锰成为一种简捷、快速、稳定、有效的分析方法。     

阳极极化法分析合金的耐蚀性能

本文通过测定Fe3Al合金、0Cr25Al5和Ni80Cr20合金在1NHCl溶液中的阳极极化曲线,结果发现随阳极电位的升高,三种合金的阳极极化曲线有着相同的变化规律．Ni80Cr20的电流密度最小,钝化电位最低,发生点蚀的电位也最高,耐盐酸腐蚀性能最好．而Fe3Al和0Cr25Al5合金的耐蚀性相当．     

Fe-Cr合金的钝化膜和点蚀发展模型

本文采用AFS和FPMA以及旋转圆盘—圆环电极等方法,对三种Fe-Cr合金在3.5％NaCl溶液中的钝化和点蚀行为进行了研究,考察了铬的作用和溶解机理,并据此提出了两种点蚀发展模型。     

Electrochemical behavior of aluminum foil in 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquids electrolytes

Aluminum (Al) foil is widely used as a current collector in lithium ion batteries, EDLCs and other electrochemical devices, and its electrochemical behavior in electrolytes has great effect on the cycle performances and safety of the electrochemical devices. In this work, corrosion behavior of Al foil in 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquids and its electrolytes containing LiTFSI as salt were studied using cyclic voltammogram method. It was found that a passive film was firmly formed on the surface of Al foil after the anodic polarization in BMI-BF_4 compared to those in EMI-BF_4 and PMI-BF_4. In addition, anodic polarization research showed that the passive film on Al surface in BMI-TFSI did not well exist. A good passive film formed on the surface of Al foil in BMI-BF_4 was not broken down until the potential was up to 94.58 V. Moreover, EDX and XPS analysis showed that F and O exist on the Al surface after the anodic polarization in BMI-BF_4, which ind-cated that a passive film like AlF3 and Al2O3 may be formed on its surface.     

Cl~-对690合金腐蚀电化学行为的影响

采用动电位极化、电化学阻抗、动电位电化学阻抗谱和电容测量等方法研究了690合金在一回路模拟溶液中的电化学行为.极化曲线结果表明:690合金在两种溶液中都存在较窄的钝化区间,在0.5V出现二次钝化现象.电化学阻抗表明,690合金在不含Cl-溶液中的阻抗模值较大,而随Cl-的加入阻抗模值变小.动电位电化学阻抗谱表明,随扫描电位正移,钝化膜在两种溶液中具有相似的变化趋势,动电位电化学阻抗谱与动电位极化曲线完全对应.690合金在0.2V下形成的钝化膜的Mott-Schottky曲线测量表明,溶液中Cl-使得钝化膜中的施主和受主密度增大.     

合金在湿法磷酸介质中的电化学阻抗谱研究

采用电化学阻抗谱研究ＵＢ６合金和Ｊ—１合金在湿法磷酸料浆介质中的冲刷腐蚀行为．测定了不同温度，不同转速，不同Ｃｌ－和Ｆ－浓度，不同电位下的阻抗谱．钝化区的阻抗谱呈单一的容抗弧。增加电极的旋转速度和对试件进行高速喷射只降低极化电阻的数值，而不改变阻抗图谱的性质．说明冲刷作用并未改变电极的腐蚀历程和溶解机制．增加［Ｃｌ－］和［Ｆ－］均降低界面电容和极化电阻，但［Ｃｌ－］对电容的影响大，而［Ｆ－］对极化电阻的影响大．说明［Ｃｌ－］的吸附作用大于［Ｆ－］，而对钝化膜的溶解破坏作用又比［Ｆ－］小．     

Investigation of the deterioration of passive films in H2S-containing solutions

The effect of H2S on the corrosion behavior of 316L stainless steel was investigated using electrochemical methods by changing the gas condition from CO2 to H2S and then back to CO2. The presence of H2S showed an acceleration effect on the corrosion of 316L stain-less steel in comparison with CO2. The acceleration effect remained even after the complete removal of H2S by CO2, indicating that the pas-sive film was irreversibly damaged. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicated that the passive film was composed of Cr2O3, Fe2O3, and FeS2 after being immersed in H2S-containing solutions. The semiconducting property of the passive film was then investigated by using the Mott–Schottky approach. The presence of sulfides resulted in higher acceptor and donor densities and thus was responsible for the deterioration of passive films.     

FeMnSi基形状记忆合金在水溶液中的电化学腐蚀

在 Fe Mn Si基形状记忆合金中加入 N,能强化基体 ,改善其形状回复率 ,同时有可能提高抗腐蚀性能 .采用浸泡试验和慢线性电位扫描法测量阳极极化曲线等方法 ,以 1 Cr1 8Ni9Ti不锈钢为参照 ,研究了 Fe Mn Si、Fe Mn Si Cr、Fe Mn Si Cr N等合金在 Na Cl(w=3 .5 % )、Na OH(3 mol/L )、HCl(1 mol/L)溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为 .结果表明 :在 Na Cl和 HCl溶液中 ,Fe Mn Si Cr N的抗腐蚀性能较好 ,但不如 1 Cr1 8Ni9Ti;Na OH溶液中 ,Fe Mn Si三元合金会发生钝化 ,且有很宽的钝化区 ,因此有很好的抗腐蚀性能 ,而抗腐蚀性能排序为 Fe Mn Si>Fe Mn Si Cr N>Fe Mn Si Cr>1 Cr1 8Ni9Ti.总之 ,与 Fe Mn Si和 Fe Mn Si Cr相比 ,Fe Mn Si Cr N在水溶液中有较好的抗腐蚀性能     

AM60镁合金上两种化学镀镍方法及镀层耐蚀性比较

研究了两种在AM60镁合金上化学镀镍的方法,结果表明，在硫酸镍为主盐的溶液中和在碱式碳酸镍为主盐的溶液中，在AM60镁合金表面均可沉积出化学镀镍层．从硫酸镍溶液中沉积出的Ni-P合金镀层与从碱式碳酸镍溶液中沉积的镀层相比，磷含量更高，晶粒更为细小，镀层更均匀致密．动电位极化曲线测试结果表明，两种镀层自腐蚀电位均接近-0．4V（SCE），硫酸镍体系化学镀镍层钝化区间更为明显，耐蚀性能更为优异．     

海水中硫酸盐还原菌对09Cr2AlMoRE钢的腐蚀行为

采用动极化曲线、电化学交流阻抗谱(EIS)等电化学测试技术和化学浸泡法研究海水中硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)对09-Cr2AlMoRE钢的腐蚀行为.结果表明,SRB新陈代谢产物S2-与腐蚀产物Fe2+反应生成硫化铁,促进了09Cr2AlMoRE钢的阳极活性溶解.09Cr2AlMoRE钢的腐蚀产物呈絮状,颗粒粗大、疏松,分布不连续;杆状硫酸盐还原菌在钢表面局部富集、附着,细菌通过细胞外高聚物被腐蚀产物所包裹.09-Cr2AlMoRE钢在接菌海水中的腐蚀产物由FeS构成,其中硫元素含量高达8.29%.膜沉积处的FeS与附近的09-Cr2AlMoRE钢表面组成腐蚀电偶电池,而SRB的作用在于不断提供H2S以维持FeS的电化学活性,从而加速腐蚀.     

镀锡钢板铬酸盐钝化膜的X射线光电子谱分析

使用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)全元素扫描分析方法对镀锡钢板铬酸盐钝化膜的成分进行了分析研究.结果表明,组成钝化膜的主要元素为Cr,O,Sn和C.通过Ar+溅射对钝化膜进行深度剖析表明,C元素来自于表面的污染而不是膜层本身;Cr和O元素随着Ar+溅射的进行含量逐渐降低,而Sn元素的含量却逐渐增加.溅射约360 s后,Sn元素的含量已达到了80%以上,此时所对应的钝化膜的厚度约为20 nm.通过窄幅扫描对钝化膜的相组成进行了分析,结果表明钝化膜主要由Cr(OH)3,Cr2O3,Sn及其氧化物构成.     

NC30 Fe合金在氯化钠溶液中的微动腐蚀特性

在PLINT微动磨损试验机上附加电化学测试系统,采用十字交叉接触方式,位移幅值为100μm,法向载荷20、50和80 N条件下,研究NC30Fe合金传热管在氯化钠溶液中的微动腐蚀行为。使用电化学工作站记录微动腐蚀过程中开路电位变化,运用电位扫描法测量微动过程的极化曲线;采用扫描电子显微镜观察磨痕的表面形貌,光学轮廓仪测定磨痕的三维形貌及磨损量。微动磨损使损伤区域金属原子活性增大,腐蚀倾向增大,加速了NC30Fe合金的腐蚀。在氯化钠溶液中,NC30Fe合金由于微动磨损过程产生腐蚀产物膜起到润滑减摩作用,摩擦系数较纯水中降低;但因腐蚀与磨损的交互作用,在氯化钠溶液中的磨损量比纯水中高。氯化钠溶液中的磨损机制主要表现为磨粒磨损和剥层的共同作用。     

镍元素对304不锈钢阳极行为的影响

采用电化学测试技术，探讨了Ｎｉ元素对３０４不锈钢阳极行为的影响。结果表明金元素Ｎｉ的加入，可提高不锈钢的钝化能力和阻滞阳极活性溶解过程。通过ＸＰＳ表面分析发现，在膜中Ｎｉ以ＮｉＯ的形式存在。由于ＮｉＯ参与了成膜过程，改变了表面电化学行为，提高了膜的稳定性。     

锌铝合金镀层表面低铬钝化膜的研究

探索了低浓度铬酸盐钝化处理在热浸镀锌铝合金镀层上的应用·采用盐雾试验、电化学腐蚀试验和人造海水浸泡试验对锌铝合金镀层表面低浓度铬酸盐钝化膜的耐蚀性进行了测试,并借助ＸＰＳ和ＡＥＳ对钝化膜的组成进行了分析·结果表明,锌铝合金镀层经低铬酸盐钝化处理后耐蚀性得到了显著提高,钝化膜的元素组成(原子数分数,％)为:Ｓ５－５,Ｎａ３－４,Ｃ１１－８,Ｔｉ７－９,Ｏ４１－６,Ｃｒ１３－７,Ｚｎ１６－０·     

高铬镍不锈钢钝化膜及其耐腐蚀性能

高铬镍不锈钢是湿法磷复肥生产装备中常用的材料 ,它能够经受得住工况介质腐蚀磨损的双重作用 ,是因为在其表面能形成耐腐蚀和具有自愈能力的钝化膜 .采用 XPS和 AES对钝化膜的组态和元素分布进行分析 ;运用 X衍射对钝化膜的结构进行了测试 ;并结合静态与动态的电化学性能对高铬镍不锈钢钝化膜进行了研究 .结果表明 :钝化膜主要是由 Cr、Mo、Fe的氧化物 Cr2 O3、Mo O3、Fe O、Fe2 O3等复合组成 ,所形成的是非晶态膜 ,Ni和 Cu是在膜下的富集 ,增加了膜的稳定性 .     

Corrosion behavior of ferritic stainless steel with 15wt% chromium for the automobile exhaust system

The effect of chloride ion concentration, pH value, and grain size on the pitting corrosion resistance of a new ferritic stainless steel with 15wt% Cr was investigated using the anodic polarization method. The semiconducting properties of passive films with different chloride ion concentrations were performed using capacitance measurement and Mott-Schottky analysis methods. The aging precipitation and intergranular corrosion behavior were evaluated at 400–900℃. It is found that the pitting potential decreases when the grain size increases. With the increase in chloride ion concentration, the doping density and the flat-bland potential increase but the thickness of the space charge layer decreases. The pitting corrosion resistance increases rapidly with the decrease in pH value. Precipitants is identified as Nb(C,N) and NbC, rather than Cr-carbide. The intergranular corrosion is attributed to the synergistic effects of Nb(C,N) and NbC precipitates and Cr segregation adjacent to the precipitates.