基于权重优化的高速公路运营安全评价算法

为客观对比和分析多条高速公路交通运营安全状态,解决基于评价指标体系的高速公路运营安全评价中各评价指标权重确定问题.在分析高速交通安全运营管理及环境特点并充分兼顾系统性、科学性、独立性、可操作性基础上,构建了由高速公路交通设施、交通安全管理、交通事故及严重程度三方面共13个评价指标组成的评价指标体系;构造了层次分析法(AHP)-熵权权重组合目标函数,并求解得到在线性组合情况下,AHP权重和熵权权重各占50%时组合最优.在此基础上提出线性组合权重最优评价算法并进行了案例分析,分析结果表明,该算法可以合理地对高速公路运营安全进行对比和排序分析.     

高速公路交通安全状况评价指标体系构建及模糊综合评价

通过对影响高速公路交通安全的因素综合分析,建立了包括交通设施,安全管理水平,事故损失状况等3个一级指标、9个二级指标和31个观测点在内的高速公路交通安全状况评价指标体系,以模糊理论为基础,采用层次分析法（AHP）确定各指标权重,建立了高速公路交通安全状况的模糊综合评价模型,并利用该方法对某地区高速公路交通安全现状进行了评价．     

基于集对论和变权理论的高速公路安全系统评价

 针对高速公路安全事故频发的现状, 为有效地降低交通事故发生率, 建立健全高速公路管理机制, 对高速公路安全系统进行评价。通过对安全系统内各指标进行同、反、异三方面分析, 运用集对论确定联系度, 提出集对评价分析方法;基于高速公路安全体系实际情况, 建立惩罚-激励的指标权重确定方法, 与集对理论结合, 通过计算联系度, 确定了高速公路安全系统集对变权综合评价方法;通过对呼集高速公路安全系统进行实例评价。结果表明, 综合评价方法计算简便, 评价结果客观科学, 对公路系统安全评定方面具有一定的应用和推广价值。     

山区公路施工安全评价及预警研究

安全事故的机理分析是山区高速公路施工安全评价的基础,分析了山区高速公路施工安全事故的主要类型,研究了高处坠落事故、物体打击事故、机械伤害事故、触电事故、坍塌事故的产生原因,分析施工安全事故的成因归结为＂4M＂要素。安全评价指标体系是山区高速公路施工安全评价的关键。结合山区高速公路施工现场实际情况,构建了山区高速公路施工现场安全综合评价指标体系递阶层次结构,从人的因素、物的因素、环境因素、管理因素四个方面深入分析了山区高速公路施工安全评价指标的内涵。     

基于层次分析法（AHP）的高速公路资产运营综合评价体系研究

结合我国高速公路资产运营的特点,分析影响高速公路资产运营业绩的因素,提出定性与定量相结合的高速公路资产运营评价指标体系．基于层次分析法（AHP）,构建评价指标判断矩阵,并对各判断矩阵进行一致性检验,确定各评价指标体系权重等级．通过实例分析,对S省两年高速公路运营情况进行研究．结果表明,AHP层次分析法在综合评价高速公路资产运营情况中具有较强的应用价值．     

模糊综合评价在高校实验室安全管理中的应用

随着对实验室频发事故研究的深入,越来越多的高校开始着眼于实验室安全风险评估研究,从事后管理向事前防范转变。模糊综合评价法作为一种定性与定量相结合的方法,能够快速将主观因素科学准确地量化,可补充安全检查表的不足。基于事故致因理论建立了高校实验室安全风险评价指标体系,包含人的健康状况和知识水平、制度与管理的状况、仪器设备与物理状态、实验场所环境的质量等4个一级指标,34个二级指标。结合实际案例对某高校化学实验室安全管理进行了模糊综合评价的定量分析,评价结果能够发现安全管理中的薄弱环节,证明了构建模型的可行性。     

面向运营安全的城市轨道交通线网性能综合评价

为了掌握表征城市轨道系统线网性能的关键指标,给出合理的评价模型,准确获取系统运营安全状况,面向城市轨道交通系统运营安全研究了其线网性能的综合评价问题。通过对城市轨道系统历史事故进行统计分析,构建了面向车站、线路、线网三个不同层次的评价指标体系;运用三角模糊数改进的TOPSIS的评价方法,基于指标集进行综合评价;并结合实际数据,针对评价结果对城轨系统进行分析。研究结果表明：建立面向运营安全的城市轨道交通线网性能综合评价指标体系,运用改进的TOPSIS评价方法,将定性问题定量化,不仅有效反应当前的安全运营水平,而且减少了因为人的主观因素对决策结果产生的影响,提高了城市轨道交通安全评价的科学可靠程度和可信程度,为有关部门和城市轨道交通的安全管理者提供有效的决策支持。     

建筑火灾风险评价中定性指标的模糊灰色评价方法研究

对建筑火灾风险评价中的定性指标进行量化时,其评判信息具有模糊性和灰色性。根据模糊灰色理论,提出了对建筑火灾风险评价中的定性指标进行量化的灰色评价方法,建立了建筑火灾风险模糊灰色综合评价模型。通过实例,对建筑物防火安全管理中的定性指标进行了量化,并评价了其防火安全管理水平。该方法将为评价建筑物的防火安全性提供了更客观的技术手段。     

基于DAGF模型的高速公路运营可持续性评价

文中对高速公路运营可持续性的影响因素进行分析的基础上,从经济、环境、社会和技术四个方面入手,提出并构建了高速公路运营可持续性评价指标体系;并运用基于DAGF的综合评价方法对长潭高速公路的可持续发展现状进行了实证分析和研究;得出长潭高速公路的经济、环境、社会和技术四个方面的可持续发展状态。     

高速公路隧道运行环境安全评价指标

根据高速公路隧道运行环境特性,提出了隧道路段长度研究范围.依据隧道运行环境风险影响因素和评价指标选取原则,运用德尔菲法和聚类分析法提取隧道运行环境主因素,从道路环境指标和气候环境指标两个方面建立了三层次六个子因素集的高速公路隧道运行环境安全评价指标,并对各指标进行了分析和对比.高速公路隧道运行环境安全评价指标的建立为隧道运行环境的分析和评价提供了理论基础.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.