纳米固体超酸SO4^2-/ZrO2-SiO2催化剂的研究

采用改性技术合成了新型的纳米固体超酸催化剂SO4^2-/ZrO2-SiO2，对醋酸和脂肪醇的酯化反应有很好的催化作用．该催化剂具有耐水性强．稳定性好，再生容易，可重复使用．不腐蚀设备．不污染环境，是对环境友好的很有应用前景的绿色工业催化剂．用XRD、XPS、TEM、IR和化学分析等手段分析了SO4^2-/ZrO2-SiO2的晶化过程．比表面积含硫量．结果表明浸渍液H2SO4浓度、陈化温度、焙烧温度、沉淀条件，比表面积和含硫量均明显影响SO4^2-/ZrO2-SiO2的酸强度及催化活性．SO4^2-/ZrO2-SiO2最佳制备条件：陈化温度-15℃，浸渍液H2SO4浓度为0．5mol／L，焙烧温度为650℃，焙烧时间为3h．     

硫酸浓度对纳米级SO4^2-／TiO2固体超强酸的影响

用锐钛型纳米TiO2制备了纳米级SO4^2-／TiO2固体超强酸，分析了硫酸浓度不同时其比表面积、失重率、红外光谱及催化活性的不同。当硫酸浓度为1．0mol／L时，它在450～900℃的失重率为3．3％，比表面积为105．2m^2／g，对乙酸和丁醇酯化反应的酯化率达到98．4％。玻璃球负载纳米级SO4^2-／TiO2固体超强酸的重复使用性能好，在乙酸和丁醇的酯化反应中重复使用9次后的酯化率才由初次的99．3％变为84．9％。     

SO42-/TiO2-SnO2/La3+催化合成乳酸乙酯

探讨了SO4^2-／TiO2-SnO2／La^3 固体超强酸的制备方法,得出了最佳制备条件：La^3 浓度为0．1mol／L,H2SO4浓度为1．0mol／L,浸渍TiO2和SnO2的时间为24h,焙烧温度为450℃,焙烧时间为1．5h,并将其应用于乳酸乙酯的合成反应中．实验结果表明,最佳酯化条件为：醇酸物质的摩尔比为1．5：1．0,催化剂用量为乳酸质量的1．5％,反应时间为11h,乳酸乙酯的产率达47．56％。     

复合型固体酸SO4^2-／ZrO2-MoO3催化合成马来酸三丁酯的研究

合成了新型的复合型无机固体酸SO4^2-／ZrO2-MoO3,并把它作为催化剂用于马来酸二丁酯的令成．考察了影响反应的因素．结果表明：固体酸SO4^2-／ZrO2-MoO3，的制备以0．05mol／L的H2SO4淋洗SO4^2-／ZrO2-MoO3固体酸基体，焙烧温度为500℃，催化剂用量以每摩尔酸酐0．5g为宜，酸酐／醇=1：4，反应时间为4h，酯化率可达99％以上．     

微波辐射固体超强酸SO42-/TiO2-ZrO2催化合成乙酸异戊酯

采用微波辐射技术和无溶剂、无无机载体的干反应技术相结合的方法，以自制的固体超强酸SO4^2-/TiO2,SO4^2-/TiO2/La^3 ,SO4^2-/TiO2-ZrO2为催化剂直接辐射合成乙酸异戊酯。结果表明：固体超强酸SOr^2-/TIO2-ZrO2对此反应的催化活性最好。反应条件为：乙酸酐0．12mol，异戊醇0．1mol，催化剂SO4^2-/TiO2-ZrO20.5g,微波功率350w，间歇辐射时间6min，产率为90．6％。     

固体超强酸SO4^2-La2O3-TiO2催化合成环己烯

以稀土改性固体超强酸SO4^2-La2O3-TiO2为多相催化剂首次报道由环已醇合成环G烯，考察了SO4^2-La2O3-TiO2的用量对催化反应的影响及重复使用性能．在最佳条件下，环已烯收率迭到78．0％     

SO4^2-／SiO2-ZrO2固体超强酸催化乳酸乙酯的合成研究

目的研究自制固体超强酸对乳酸乙酯的合成反应的催化效果，寻求乳酸乙酯的最佳合成条件。方法采用溶胶凝胶法制得SiO2-ZrO2基质材料，然后将其通过浸渍法制备了SO4^2-／SiO2-ZrO2固体超强酸，对SO4^2-／SiO2-ZrO2固体超强酸催化乳酸乙酯的合成反应进行了研究。结果SO4^2-／SiO2-ZrO2固体超强酸催化乳酸乙酯的合成反应适宜的反应条件为：预焙烧温度为200℃，浸泡硫酸浓度为1．0mol／L，硅锆摩尔比为15，焙烧温度为500℃，醇酸比为3时，酯化率可达92．79／6。XRD对固体超强酸的分析结果表明，其中SiO2是三斜晶型，ZrO2是四方晶型。结论自制的SO4^2-／SiO2-ZrO2固体超强酸的对乳酸乙酯的合成反应具有良好的催化效果，适宜推广应用。     

SO42-/ZrO2系列固体超强酸的制备与应用

本文对采用不同方法制备了两种SO4^2-/ZrO2系列的SO4^2-/ZrO2-TiO2和SO4^2-/ZrO2-Al2O3固体超强酸催化剂，并以顺丁烯二酸酐和正丁醇的酯化反应为探针反应，考察了Zr：A1，Zr：Ti的原于配比，焙烧温度，焙烧时间以及浸渍液硫酸的浓度对催化剂活性的影响。     

SO42-/TiO2-MoO3催化合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛

以固体超强酸SO4^2-／TiO2-MoO3为多相催化剂，对以苯甲醛和乙二醇为原料合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的反应条件进行了研究。实验表明：SO4^2-／TiO2-MoO3是合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的良好催化剂，较系统地研究了醛醇摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间诸因素对收率的影响。最佳反应条件为：n(苯甲醛)：n(乙二醇)=1：1．3，催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的0．75％，环己烷为带水剂，反应时间40min。上述条件下，苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的收率可达82．7％．     

离子浸渍复合TiO2光催化剂的研究

采用溶胶－凝胶－浸渍法制备了掺杂Fe^3 ,NH4^ ,SO4^2-的TiO2光催化剂粉体，并用XRD．IR．UV－Vis等方法对其结构进行了表征。结果表明，以TiO2干凝胶为母体，依次浸渍Fe^3 ,NH4^ ,SO4^2-的光催化剂粉体Fe^3 /NH4^ /SO4^2-/TiO2（浸）中锐钛矿相近100％，晶粒粒径分布均匀，最小粒径为4nm；与纯TiO2相比，紫外光谱响应红移15nm.以直接耐晒兰为模型反应物，评价了掺杂半导体TiO2的光催化降解性能。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.