Direct expression in Escherichia coli of a DNA sequence coding for human growth hormone.

DNA coding for human growth hormone was constructed by using chemically synthesised DNA in conjunction with enzymatically prepared cDNA. This 'hybrid' gene was expressed in Escherichia coli under the control of the lac promoter. A polypeptide was produced having the size and immunological properties characteristic of mature human growth hormone.     

链霉菌基因组提取方法的比较与改进

将链霉菌菌株Ｓｔｒｅｐｔｏｍｙｃｅｓ ｓｐ．纯化后,测得其葡萄糖异构酶的比活力为０．４１４ｕ／ｍＬ,使用苯酚氯仿法提取提的基因组ＤＮＡ浓度较低,ＲＮＡ和蛋白较多,但用大量法时仍可得到大量的ＤＮＡ,使用试剂盒法得到的基因组ＤＮＡ浓度较大,但仍有大量ＲＮＡ存在,由亚精胺法得到的基因组ＤＮＡ浓度较好,ＲＮＡ很少,自行设计的改进法得到的基因组ＤＮＡ,量特别大,纯度很高,ＤＮＡ大小集中在３０ｋｂ左右,ＲＮＡ很少,非竽相应的基因工程操作。     

逆转录聚合酶链式反应快速检测水稻条叶枯病毒

逆转录聚合酶链式反应（Ｒｅｖｅｒｓｅ Ｔｒａｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎ ａｎｄ Ｐｏｌｙｍｅｒａｓｅ Ｃｈａｉｎ Ｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎ,ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）具有灵敏度高,准确性好的特点,因而被广泛应用于植物病毒检测。在ＲＴ反应中,ＲＮＡ样品的快速制备尤为重要用异丙醇二步沉淀法获得ＲＮＡ,快速检测水地片中ＲＳｔＶ伯ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ方法,可使测定时间缩短至６ｈ,并可从０．０７８ｍｇ感病叶片中检测出ＲＳｔＶ。     

分支DNA探针法检测21例丙型肝炎血清病毒RNA

目前主要依赖检测丙型肝炎抗体来确定对丙型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis C virus,HCV)感染的诊断,但它不能反应机体是否有活动的病毒血症。分支DNA探针法应用合成的DNA分子与靶HCV—RNA特异性的杂交,形成RNA—DNA杂交体,用dioxetane作为底物与化学发光物结合,通过测定其发光强度可直接检测血清HCV—RNA的含量。本文测定21例慢性活动性丙型肝炎血清。HCV—RNA最低值为0.66Meg/ml;最高值为58Meg/ml,21例中86％的数值分布在0.66Meg/m-12Meg/ml的范围内。此方法cutoff值为0.5Meg//ml。我们所测定的21例均高于cutoff值。此方法操作简便,特异性强。为临床丙型肝炎治疗的监测及疗效的判断提供了重要的依据。     

猪垂体Poly（A）~＋RNA的制备及其体外翻译

本文用ＬｉＣｌ沉淀法提取了猪垂体总ＲＮＡ，经。ｏｌｉｇｏ（ｄＴ）－ｃｅｌｌｕｌｏｓｅ柱亲和层析，分离纯化了猪垂体Ｐｏｌｙ（Ａ）＋ＲＮＡ．用自制的兔网织红细胞体外翻译体系鉴定，表明该Ｐｏｌｙ／（Ａ）＋ＲＮＡ具有较高的翻译活性．ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＯＥ，放射自显影分析翻译产物提示，在制各的猪垂体Ｐｏｌｙ（Ａ）＋ＲＮＡ中，编码猪生长激素前体的ｍＲＮＡ占有较高的比例．     

DNA与RNA谁是主角?

DNA与RNA相伴而生,是一对孪生分子。生命起源最早出现可能是“核酸世界”,DNA与RNA是后来分化产生的。在当今生命系统中,DNA、RNA和蛋白质起着决定的作用,成为生命系统中的三驾马车。RNA干扰的发现表明,生物基因表型的变化是受RNA控制的。RNA转录后复杂的加工过程反映了RNA的进化历程。因此,重新认识RNA已成为当前生命科学亟待解决的问题。     

Single-molecule imaging reveals mechanisms of protein disruption by a DNA translocase

In physiological settings, nucleic-acid translocases must act on substrates occupied by other proteins, and an increasingly appreciated role of translocases is to catalyse protein displacement from RNA and DNA. However, little is known regarding the inevitable collisions that must occur, and the fate of protein obstacles and the mechanisms by which they are evicted from DNA remain unexplored. Here we sought to establish the mechanistic basis for protein displacement from DNA using RecBCD as a model system. Using nanofabricated curtains of DNA and multicolour single-molecule microscopy, we visualized collisions between a model translocase and different DNA-bound proteins in real time. We show that the DNA translocase RecBCD can disrupt core RNA polymerase, holoenzymes, stalled elongation complexes and transcribing RNA polymerases in either head-to-head or head-to-tail orientations, as well as EcoRI(E111Q), lac repressor and even nucleosomes. RecBCD did not pause during collisions and often pushed proteins thousands of base pairs before evicting them from DNA. We conclude that RecBCD overwhelms obstacles through direct transduction of chemomechanical force with no need for specific protein-protein interactions, and that proteins can be removed from DNA through active disruption mechanisms that act on a transition state intermediate as they are pushed from one nonspecific site to the next.     

Crystal structures of DNA/RNA repair enzymes AlkB and ABH2 bound to dsDNA

Escherichia coli AlkB and its human homologues ABH2 and ABH3 repair DNA/RNA base lesions by using a direct oxidative dealkylation mechanism. ABH2 has the primary role of guarding mammalian genomes against 1-meA damage by repairing this lesion in double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), whereas AlkB and ABH3 preferentially repair single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) lesions and can repair damaged bases in RNA. Here we show the first crystal structures of AlkB-dsDNA and ABH2-dsDNA complexes, stabilized by a chemical cross-linking strategy. This study reveals that AlkB uses an unprecedented base-flipping mechanism to access the damaged base: it squeezes together the two bases flanking the flipped-out one to maintain the base stack, explaining the preference of AlkB for repairing ssDNA lesions over dsDNA ones. In addition, the first crystal structure of ABH2, presented here, provides a structural basis for designing inhibitors of this human DNA repair protein.     

Selection in vitro of single-stranded DNA molecules that fold into specific ligand-binding structures.

We have isolated a set of ligand-binding DNA sequences from a large pool of random sequence DNAs by selection and amplification in vitro, using similar methods to those described for the isolation of ligand-binding RNAs. The ligand-DNA interactions are both sequence- and ligand-specific, and are dependent on proper folding of the single-stranded DNA. Some ligands led to the isolation of more DNA sequences than RNA sequences, and vice versa. Analysis of individual sequences reveals that ligand binding is DNA-specific; RNAs of identical sequence could not interact with the same ligands. Ligand-binding DNAs might be more suitable than RNAs as potential pharmacological reagents because of the greater stability of DNA. The apparent primacy of RNA in the early evolution of life may have been due to its availability rather than to its functional superiority.     

Molecular cloning and expression of a rat V1a arginine vasopressin receptor.

The neurohypophyseal hormone arginine vasopressin has diverse actions, including the inhibition of diuresis, contraction of smooth muscle, stimulation of liver glycogenolysis and modulation of adrenocorticotropic hormone release from the pituitary. Arginine vasopressin receptors are G protein-coupled and have been divided into at least three types; the V1a (vascular/hepatic) and V1b (anterior pituitary) receptors which act through phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis to mobilize intracellular Ca2+, and the V2 (kidney) receptor which is coupled to adenylate cyclase. We report here the cloning of a complementary DNA encoding the hepatic V1a arginine vasopressin receptor. The liver cDNA encodes a protein with seven putative transmembrane domains, which binds arginine vasopressin and related compounds with affinities similar to the native rat V1a receptor. The messenger RNA corresponding to the cDNA is distributed in rat tissues known to contain V1a receptors.     

A novel steroid thyroid hormone receptor-related gene inappropriately expressed in human hepatocellular carcinoma

We have previously isolated from a human hepatocellular carcinoma a hepatitis B virus integration in a 147-base-pair cellular DNA fragment, similar to steroid- and c-erb-A/thyroid-hormone receptor genes. We have now cloned the corresponding complementary DNA from a human-liver cDNA library. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the overall structure of the cellular gene, which we have named hap, is similar to that of the DNA-binding hormone receptors. That is, it displays two highly conserved regions identified as the putative DNA-binding and hormone-binding domains of the c-erb A/steroid receptors. Six out of seven hepatoma and hepatoma-derived cell-lines express a 2.5-kilobase (kb) hap messenger RNA species which is undetectable in normal adult and fetal livers but present in all non-hepatic tissues analysed. The data suggest that the hap gene product may be a novel ligand-responsive regulatory protein whose inappropriate expression in liver may relate to the hepatocellular carcinogenesis.     

植物组织DNA的提取及纯化方法的研究

以小麦的幼芽和子房为材料,采用高等植物ＤＮＡ 简易快速提取法,对小麦组织ＤＮＡ提取及纯化中的若干问题做了探讨。研究表明：小麦幼芽是提取ＤＮＡ 的较为理想的材料;粗提ＤＮＡ 用ＲＮＡ 酶法进行纯化,其纯化效果较好;纯化的幼芽ＤＮＡ 稀释８ 倍即符合导入要求。