蜜环菌液体发酵条件研究及其饮料开发

考察了各种发酵条件对蜜环菌液体发酵中菌丝生长的影响，确定了蜜环菌最适摇瓶培养条件，同时对乙醇的增菌进行了初步研究，实验表明1．0％～1．2％的乙醇溶液对蜜环菌的生长有较明显的增菌作用，利用蜜环菌发酵液加工出了保健饮料。     

蜜环菌的化学成分及其药理作用

蜜环菌是天麻的共生菌。蜜环菌菌丝的化学成分很复杂，含有40多种化合物。蜜环菌的菌丝及发酵液有与天麻相类似的药理作用。     

竹荪菌培养基料的初步研究

本文报导竹荪菌 [Dictyophora indusiata(Vent.expers) Fischer)的母种培养基、原种培养基和生产种培养基的筛选结果。筛选出的这些培养基比他人报导和常用的茵丝生长速度快、菌丝粗壮、菌丝生长量大、培养周期短,培养基料来源广、成本低、适合广大北方无竹子资源地区应用等特点。     

贵州天麻主产区蜜环菌的分离及rDNA-ITS序列分析

[目的]了解贵州天麻主产区蜜环菌的生物种及其地理分布.[方法]在代表性主产区采集蜜环菌样本,利用双抗培养基分离菌索或子实体;从液体培养的菌丝中提取总DNA,利用真菌通用引物ITS1和ITS4扩增rDNAITS片段,扩增产物进行TA克隆并送测序;利用SeqMan软件对序列进行拼接,并用MEGA软件构建进化树.[结果]从大方、德江等县分离到35株蜜环菌;得到DF1等17个菌株的rDNA-ITS完整序列,GenBank中蜜环菌rDNA-ITS序列比对鉴定与系统发育分析一致.[结论]17个rDNA-ITS序列分析的蜜环菌株中,4株属于生物种Armillaria gallica;8株属于Armillaria cepistipes;5株与Armillaria mellea亲缘关系较近,可能为其同源种.贵州省内A.mellea,A.cepistipes的分布最广,其次是A.gallica.     

药用真菌猪苓的紫外线及氦-氖激光诱变育种研究

目的选育药用真菌猪苓的速生高产菌株。方法采用氦-氖激光和紫外线对猪苓菌丝体进行诱变处理,以菌丝生长速率和胞外多糖含量为指标进行筛选。结果筛选出一株高产突变菌株LU-7,与出发菌株相比,其最大菌丝体干重高出25.1%,单位培养基胞外多糖含量增加了83.4%,而且具有良好的遗传稳定性。结论经氦-氖激光和紫外线诱变选育出了菌丝生长和胞外多糖产生能力都明显提高的猪苓突变菌株。     

猪苓母种培养基筛选研究

对猪苓[Grifola umbellata(Pets．ex Fr．)Pilat]进行了母种培养基筛选试验，结果表明，猪苓母种生长的最适培养基为：马铃薯100g，蔗糖10g，磷酸二氢钾1g，硫酸镁0．25g，维生素B15mg，琼脂9g．     

竹叶锈病重寄生菌赭红枝顶孢(Acremonium salmoneum)培养条件的研究

竹叶锈病是竹类主要病害之一,影响竹林生长。为了利用重寄生菌赭红枝顶孢(Acremoni-um salmoneum)对竹叶锈病进行生物防治,笔者研究了不同培养条件对重寄生菌生长的影响。结果表明:竹叶锈病重寄生菌赭红枝顶孢的最适生长培养基为ZPD培养基;甘露醇为最适碳源,最适氮源为KNO3;菌丝生长温度为8～30℃,最适温度为25℃;适宜pH为4～6,最适pH为5.0;光照对菌丝生长速率影响不大。该重寄生菌分生孢子萌发的最适温度为28℃,适宜pH为5～6,在水滴中萌发率最高。     

香梨树腐烂病病原的生物学性状研究

在不同培养条件下,对香梨树腐烂病病原菌生长的影响进行了研究,结果表明,菌丝在高温、低温和最适温区内生长差异显著,在20-30℃的条件下生长较快,低于10℃或高于35℃均不利于菌落的生长;菌丝生长适宜的pH值为4-5,二者对菌丝生长无显著性差异,与其它酸性条件下生长的菌丝差异显著;香梨树皮培养基和玉米粉培养基上菌丝生长较好,与其它培养基上的菌丝生长差异显著;菌落在含有不同碳源和氮源的培养基上均能正常生长,光照对病原菌有一定的影响。     

杨树菌材与传统菌材栽培天麻的实验研究

采用随机区组实验设计,以杨树菌材、传统的栎树菌材和栗树菌材为材料在湖北省宜昌县、五峰县、鹤峰县3个栽培点进行了天麻的田间栽培实验.结果表明:蜜环菌在杨树菌材上生长较传统菌材菌丝萌发早,生长粗壮,生长点多;杨树菌材易被蜜环菌分解利用,腐朽程度高;不同菌材对天麻的产量与生物转化率无显著差异,而不同实验点之间差异显著;在适宜的条件下杨树菌材栽培天麻易获得高产,其产量与生物转化率分别高达4.977 kg/m2和30%.杨树是栽培天麻适合的菌材.     

羊肚菌菌丝生物学特性的研究

从固体培养基、液体培养基、碳源、氪源、酸碱度、温度、光照等方面探讨羊肚菌菌丝的生物学特性．结果表明，羊肚茵菌丝适宜在PDA固体培养基以及黄豆芽——玉米粉液体培养基中生长；单肚菌菌丝生长的最适碳源为葡萄糖，最适氮源为硫酸铵；羊肚菌菌丝生长的最适pH范围为6～7，最适温度为25～33℃之间，并且在光照条件为弱光时羊肚菌菌丝生长状况较好．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.